| An Overview | p. 1 |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| Product Properties and Perspectives | p. 3 |
| Product Properties: Attributes and Characteristics | p. 4 |
| Consumer Perspective | p. 4 |
| Manufacturer's Perspective | p. 5 |
| Product Reliability | p. 5 |
| Definition of Reliability | p. 5 |
| Consequences of Failures | p. 6 |
| Product Life Cycle | p. 7 |
| Product Performance and Specification | p. 7 |
| Product Performance | p. 7 |
| Product Specification | p. 8 |
| Performance-Specification Relationships | p. 8 |
| Reliability Performance and Specification | p. 8 |
| Methodology for Reliability Performance and Specification | p. 9 |
| Systems Approach | p. 9 |
| Objectives of the Book | p. 10 |
| Case 1 [Cellular Phone] | p. 10 |
| Case 2 [Safety Instrumented System] | p. 11 |
| Outline of the Book | p. 12 |
| New Product Development | p. 15 |
| Introduction | p. 15 |
| Products | p. 15 |
| Product Classification | p. 16 |
| """"Newness"""" of a New Product | p. 18 |
| Product Decomposition | p. 19 |
| Product Life and Product Life Cycles | p. 21 |
| Product Life | p. 21 |
| Product Life Cycle | p. 21 |
| New Product Development | p. 22 |
| New Product Development in the Overall Business Context | p. 22 |
| A Brief Review of New Product Development Models | p. 23 |
| Product Life Cycle Phases: Basic Concepts and Activities | p. 24 |
| Front-end | p. 24 |
| Design | p. 29 |
| Development | p. 31 |
| Production | p. 32 |
| Post-production | p. 33 |
| A New Model for Product Performance and Specification | p. 34 |
| Product Performance and Specification | p. 37 |
| Introduction | p. 37 |
| Requirements, Preferences and Constraints | p. 37 |
| Requirements | p. 37 |
| Preferences | p. 38 |
| Constraints | p. 39 |
| Product Performance | p. 39 |
| Conceptand Notions | p. 39 |
| Types of Performance | p. 40 |
| Product Specification | p. 42 |
| Performance and Specification Relationships | p. 43 |
| Performance and Specification in Stage I | p. 44 |
| Phase1 | p. 44 |
| Phase2 | p. 46 |
| Phase3 | p. 46 |
| Some Comments | p. 48 |
| Performancein Stage II | p. 49 |
| Phase4 | p. 49 |
| Phase5 | p. 50 |
| Performancein Stage III | p. 50 |
| Phase6 | p. 51 |
| Phase7 | p. 51 |
| Phase8 | p. 52 |
| Overall Process | p. 52 |
| Reliability Performance and Specification | p. 53 |
| An Introduction to Reliability Theory | p. 55 |
| Introduction | p. 55 |
| Basic Concepts | p. 56 |
| Product Functions | p. 56 |
| Failureand Related Concepts | p. 56 |
| Different Notions of Product Reliability | p. 60 |
| Reliability Science | p. 61 |
| Reliability Modelling -1 | p. 61 |
| Reliability Modellingof Single Items | p. 61 |
| Physical Modelling | p. 66 |
| System Modelling | p. 67 |
| Modelling Environmental Effects | p. 70 |
| Reliability Modelling - II | p. 73 |
| Modelling CM Actions | p. 73 |
| Modelling PM Actions | p. 74 |
| Other Approaches | p. 77 |
| Reliability Analysis | p. 77 |
| Qualitative Analysis | p. 77 |
| Quantitative Analysis | p. 79 |
| Simulation | p. 82 |
| Reliability Engineering | p. 82 |
| Reliability Allocation | p. 82 |
| Reliability Improvement | p. 83 |
| Root Cause Analysis | p. 85 |
| Reliability Prediction and Assessment | p. 85 |
| Reliability Prediction | p. 85 |
| Reliability Assessment | p. 86 |
| Reliability Management | p. 87 |
| Costs | p. 87 |
| Datafor Effective Management | p. 87 |
| Case Study: Cellular Phone | p. 88 |
| Performance and Specification in the Front-end Phase | p. 91 |
| Introduction | p. 91 |
| Front-end Process for Standard Products | p. 91 |
| Data Collection and Analysis [Sub-phase 1] | p. 93 |
| Data Collection | p. 93 |
| Data Analysis | p. 94 |
| Outcomeof Sub-phase1 | p. 95 |
| Idea Generationand Screening [Sub-phase 2] | p. 96 |
| Customer Understanding | p. 96 |
| Idea Generation | p. 97 |
| Screeningof Ideas | p. 98 |
| Outcome of Sub-phase 2 | p. 99 |
| Product Concept Formulation and Evaluation [Sub-phase 3] | p. 99 |
| Defining DP-I | p. 99 |
| Deriving SP-I | p. 103 |
| Evaluating PP-I | p. 104 |
| Models | p. 105 |
| Outcomeof Sub-phase3 | p. 110 |
| Specialized (Custom-built) Products | p. 110 |
| Performance Requirement | p. 110 |
| Contract | p. 112 |
| Reliability Improvement Warranty | p. 113 |
| Idea Generationand Screening | p. 114 |
| DP-I | p. 114 |
| SP-I | p. 115 |
| PP-I | p. 117 |
| Outcomeof Phase1 | p. 117 |
| Implications for Product Reliability | p. 118 |
| Case Study: Cellular Phone | p. 118 |
| Performance and Specification during Design | p. 121 |
| Introduction | p. 121 |
| Phase 2 for Standard Products | p. 121 |
| Defining DP-II | p. 122 |
| Deriving SP-II | p. 123 |
| Evaluating PP-II | p. 126 |
| Phase 2 for Custom-built Products | p. 127 |
| Models | p. 128 |
| An Illustrative Case | p. 129 |
| Option 1 [No Product Variety: Single Design] | p. 129 |
| Option 2 [Product Variety: Two Designs] | p. 132 |
| Phase 3 for Standard and Custom-built Products | p. 133 |
| Sub-phase1 | p. 134 |
| Sub-phase j [j = 2,3, J - 1] | p. 136 |
| Achieving the Allocated Reliability at Component Level | p. 137 |
| Redundancy | p. 139 |
| Preventive Maintenance | p. 140 |
| Reliability Growth through Development | p. 140 |
| Modelling for Optimal Decisions | p. 141 |
| Outcomeof Phase3 | p. 143 |
| Case Study: Cellular Phone | p. 143 |
| Performance During Development | p. 147 |
| Introduction | p. 147 |
| Phase 4 for Standard Products | p. 148 |
| Reliability Development Testing | p. 149 |
| Reliability Growth Testing | p. 149 |
| Environmental Stressand Design Limit Testing | p. 150 |
| Accelerated Testing | p. 150 |
| Design of Experiments for Testing | p. 154 |
| Principles of Test Design | p. 154 |
| Relevant Issues | p. 155 |
| Optimal Designof Experimentsfor Testing | p. 155 |
| Analysisof Test Data | p. 156 |
| Test Data | p. 156 |
| Qualitative(Engineering) Analysis | p. 156 |
| Graphical Analysis | p. 157 |
| Statistical Analysis (Single Stress Level) | p. 158 |
| Statistical Analysis (Multiple Stress Levels) | p. 164 |
| Reliability Growth Models | p. 165 |
| Discrete Reliability Growth Models | p. 166 |
| Continuous Reliability Growth Models | p. 166 |
| Bayesian Approach | p. 167 |
| Risks in Reliability Development Programmes | p. 168 |
| Phase 5 for Standard Products | p. 169 |
| Phases 4 and 5 for Custom-built Products | p. 169 |
| Case Study: Cellular Phone | p. 170 |
| Product Performance and Production | p. 173 |
| Introduction | p. 173 |
| Phase 6 for Standard Products | p. 174 |
| Production Process and Occurrence of Non-conforming Items | p. 175 |
| Modelling Occurrenceof Non-conforming Items | p. 176 |
| Effectof Quality Variations on Reliability Performance | p. 177 |
| Variationin Component Quality | p. 178 |
| Variationsin Assembly Operations | p. 179 |
| Combined Effectsof Non-conformance | p. 179 |
| Testing During Production | p. 179 |
| Quality Control | p. 180 |
| Off-line Controlof Production Process | p. 181 |
| On-line Controlof Production Process | p. 181 |
| Weeding Out Non-conforming Components | p. 184 |
| Acceptance Sampling | p. 185 |
| Sub-set Selection | p. 186 |
| Burn-in | p. 186 |
| Optimal Quality Control Effort | p. 187 |
| Case Study: Cellular Phone | p. 187 |
| Post-sale Performance | p. 191 |
| Introduction | p. 191 |
| Phase 7 for Standard Products | p. 191 |
| Field Performance | p. 192 |
| Decision Processin Phase7 | p. 193 |
| Data Collection | p. 193 |
| Analysisof Dataand Estimating AP-II | p. 195 |
| Root Cause Analysis | p. 202 |
| Assessing Inherent and Design Reliability | p. 204 |
| Phase 8 for Standard Products | p. 204 |
| Decision Processin Phase8 | p. 204 |
| Data Collection | p. 205 |
| Analysis of Data and Estimating AP-I | p. 206 |
| Root Cause Analysis | p. 206 |
| Phases 7 and 8 for Custom-Built Products | p. 209 |
| Phase 7 | p. 209 |
| Phase 8 | p. 210 |
| Case Study: Cellular Phone | p. 210 |
| Product Safety Requirements | p. 211 |
| Introduction | p. 211 |
| Safety Requirements | p. 212 |
| Examples of Safety Requirements | p. 212 |
| Essential Health and Safety Requirements | p. 216 |
| EU Directives | p. 217 |
| New Approach Directives | p. 217 |
| The Machinery Directive | p. 218 |
| The General Product Safety Directive | p. 218 |
| CE Marking | p. 219 |
| Harmonized Standards | p. 220 |
| Risk Assessment | p. 221 |
| Technical Construction File | p. 223 |
| Case Study: Cellular Phone | p. 224 |
| Reliability Management System | p. 227 |
| Introduction | p. 227 |
| Data, Information, and Knowledge (DIK) | p. 227 |
| Data and Information | p. 227 |
| Knowledge | p. 228 |
| Engineering Knowledge | p. 231 |
| Roleand Importance of DIK | p. 231 |
| DIK in Phase1 | p. 232 |
| Dataand Information | p. 233 |
| Knowledge | p. 233 |
| DIK in Phases2and3 | p. 233 |
| Dataand Information | p. 234 |
| Engineering Knowledge | p. 234 |
| DIK in Phases4and5 | p. 235 |
| Dataand Information | p. 236 |
| Knowledge | p. 236 |
| DIK in Phases6-8 | p. 236 |
| Dataand Information | p. 236 |
| Knowledge | p. 237 |
| Reliability Management System | p. 237 |
| Structure of the Reliability Management System | p. 238 |
| Data and Information Module | p. 238 |
| Reliability Databases | p. 244 |
| Knowledge Module | p. 244 |
| Interface Module | p. 247 |
| Implementation Aspects | p. 248 |
| Reliability Manager | p. 248 |
| Reliability Management Department | p. 249 |
| Symbols | p. 251 |
| Acronyms | p. 253 |
| Glossary | p. 257 |
| References | p. 261 |
| Index | p. 279 |
| Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved. |