List of Tables List of Figures List of Exhibits Preface About the Author Introduction Performance Improvement and Evaluation What Is Evaluation? What Is Not Evaluation? How Does Evaluation Compare With Research? Program Evaluation in the HPI Context Evaluation Is Often Neglected Different Evaluation Designs Used in Program Evaluation Descriptive Case Study Type Evaluation Design Frameworks for Conducting Evaluations in the HPI Context The 10-Step Evaluation Procedure Chapter Summary Chapter Discussion Chapter 1. Identify an Evaluand (Step 1) and Its Stakeholders (Step 2) Identify a Performance Improvement Intervention as an Evaluand Use the 5W1H Method to Understand the Intervention Program Ask Why the Intervention Program Was Implemented Check If Program Goals Are Based on Needs Sell Evaluation to the Client Identify Three Groups of Stakeholders Chapter Summary Chapter Discussion Now, Your Turn-Identify an Evaluand and Its Stakeholders Chapter 2. Identify the Purpose of Evaluation (Step 3) Differentiate Evaluation From Needs Assessment Gather Information About the Evaluation Purpose Assess Stakeholders' Needs for the Program and the Evaluation Determine If the Evaluation Is a Formative or Summative Type Determine If the Evaluation Is Goal Based or Goal Free Determine If the Evaluation Is Merit Focused or Worth Focused Keep in Mind Using a System-Focused Evaluation Approach Write an Evaluation Purpose Statement Chapter Summary Chapter Discussion Now, Your Turn-Identify the Purpose of Evaluation Chapter 3. Assess Evaluation Feasibility and Risk Factors Incorporate Macro-Level Tasks Into Micro-Level Steps Assess Feasibility of the Evaluation Project List Project Assumptions Estimate Tasks and Time Involving Stakeholders Assess Risk Factors for the Evaluation Project Chapter Summary Chapter Discussion Now, Your Turn-Assess Feasibility and Risk Factors Chapter 4. Write a Statement of Work Prepare a Statement of Work for the Evaluation Determine Sections to Be Included in a Statement of Work Develop a Gantt Chart Review a Sample Statement of Work Now, Your Turn-Write a Statement of Work Chapter 5. Develop a Program Logic Model (Step 4) Apply a Theory-Based, If-Then Logic to Developing a Program Review United Way's Program Outcome Model Review Kellogg Foundation's Program Logic Model Review Brinkerhoff's Training Impact Model Compared to the Four-Level Training Evaluation Framework Compare Elements Used in Different Frameworks Develop a Program Logic Model Develop a Training Impact Model Chapter Summary Chapter Discussion Now, Your Turn-Develop a Program Logic Model or a Training Impact Model Chapter 6. Determine Dimensions and Importance Weighting (Step 5) Think About Dimensions of the Evaluand to Investigate Start With the Stakeholders' Needs Relate the Purpose of Evaluation to the Program Logic Model Elements Incorporate Relevant Theoretical Frameworks and Professional Standards Write Dimensional Evaluation Questions Determine Importance Weighting Based on Usage of Dimensional Findings Recognize a Black Box, Gray Box, or Clear Box Evaluation Finalize the Number of Dimensions Chapter Summary Chapter Discussion Now, Your Turn-Determine Dimensions and Importance Weighting Chapter 7. Determine Data Collection Methods (Step 6) Determine Evaluation Designs for Dimensional Evaluations Select Data Collection Methods That Allow Direct Measures of Dimensions Apply Critical Multiplism Triangulate Multiple Sets of Data Select Appropriate Methods When Using the Four-Level Training Evaluation Model Select Appropriate Methods When Using Brinkerhoff's Success Case Method Review an Example of Data Collection Methods Use an Iterative Design Approach Assess Feasibility and Risk Factors Again Conduct Formative Meta-Evaluations Chapter Summary Chapter Discussion Now, Your Turn-Determine Data Collection Methods Chapter 8. Write an Evaluation Proposal and Get Approval Determine Sections to Be Included in an Evaluation Proposal Review a Sample Evaluation Proposal Now, Your Turn-Write an Evaluation Proposal Chapter 9. Develop Data Collection Instruments I-Self-Administered Surveys (Step 7) Comply With IRB Requirements Use Informed Consent Forms Determine Materials to Be Developed for Different Data Collection Methods Distinguish Anonymity From Confidentiality Develop Materials for Conducting Self-Administered Surveys Determine Whether to Use Closed-Ended Questions, Open-Ended Questions, or Both Ask Specific Questions That Measure the Quality of a Dimension Design Survey Items Using a Question or Statement Format Recognize Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, and Ratio Scales Decide Whether to Include or Omit a Midpoint in the Likert Scale Decide Whether to Use Ascending or Descending Order of the Likert Scale Options Follow Other Guidelines for Developing Survey Items Develop Survey Items That Measure a Construct Test Validity and Reliability of a Survey Instrument Conduct Formative Meta-Evaluations Chapter Summary Chapter Discussion Now, Your Turn-Develop Survey Instruments Chapter 10. Develop Data Collection Instruments II-Interviews, Focus Groups, Observations, Extant Data Reviews, and Tests (Step 7) Determine Whether to Use a Structured, Unstructured, or Semi-Structured Interview Develop Materials for Conducting Interviews or Focus Groups Solicit Interview Volunteers at the End of a Self-Administered Web-Based Survey Develop Materials for Conducting Observations Develop Materials for Conducting Extant Data Reviews Develop Materials for Administering Tests Conduct Formative Meta-Evaluations Chapter Summary Chapter Discussion Now, Your Turn-Develop Instruments for Conducting Interviews, Focus Groups, Observations, Extant Data Reviews, and Tests Chapter 11. Collect Data (Step 8) Follow Professional and Ethical Guidelines What Would You Do? Use Strategies to Collect Data Successfully and Ethically Use Strategies When Collecting Data From Self-Administered Surveys Use Strategies When Collecting Data From Interviews and Focus Groups Use Strategies When Collecting Data From Observations and Tests Use Strategies to Ensure Anonymity or Confidentiality of Data Conduct Formative Meta-Evaluations Chapter Summary Chapter Discussion Now, Your Turn-Collect Data Chapter 12. Analyze Data With Rubrics (Step 9) Use Evidence-Based Practice Keep in Mind: Evaluation = Measurement + Valuation With Rubrics Apply the Same or Different Weighting to the Multiple Sets of Data Analyze Structured Survey Data With Rubrics Analyze Unstructured Survey or Interview Data With Rubrics Analyze Semi-Structured Survey or Interview Data With Rubrics Analyze Data Obtained From Observations, Extant Data Reviews, and Tests With Rubrics Determine the Number of Levels and Labels for Rubrics Triangulate Results Obtained From Multiple Sources for Each Dimension Conduct Formative Meta-Evaluations Chapter Summary Chapter Discussion Now, Your Turn-Analyze Data With Rubrics Chapter 13. Draw Conclusions (Step 10) Revisit Formative or Summative Use of Evaluation Findings Develop a Synthesis Rubric Draw Evidence-Based Conclusions and Recommendations Conduct Formative Meta-Evaluations Chapter Summary Chapter Discussion Now, Your Turn-Draw Conclusions and Make Recommendations Chapter 14. Write a Final Report and Conduct a Summative Meta-Evaluation Extend the Evaluation Proposal to a Final Report Present Dimensional Results in the Evaluation Results Section Present Supporting Information in Appendices Present Conclusions Report the Findings Ethically Conduct a Summative Meta-Evaluation Report Limitations Write an Executive Summary Present the Final Report to Stakeholders Follow Up With Stakeholders Present Complete Sections in a Final Report Now, Your Turn-Write a Final Report Appendix A. A Summary of the Frameworks Used Appendix B. Evaluation Development Worksheets Appendix C. Survey Questionnaire Make Appendix D. A Sample Survey Questionnaire Measuring Multiple Dimensions, Sample Rubrics, and Reliability Testing With IBM (R) SPSS (R) Statistics Appendix E. Experimental Studies and Data Analysis With t-Tests Using Excel Glossary References Index
