Challenges for America in the Middle East

Chapter 1: Sources of American Foreign Policy The Linkage of Domestic and Foreign Policies Sources of U.S. Foreign Policy Conclusion Chapter 2: Competing Currents in U.S. Foreign Policy Competing Currents The Past: Competing Currents in Historical Perspective The Present: The Impact of 9/11 Conclusion: Engagement or Disengagement? Part I: Arab Spring or Arab Winter? Chapter 3: America and the Arab Middle East before the Arab Spring Sources of American Policy toward the Arab Middle East The Arabs: World War One and After The Middle East and Oil The Cold War and the Arab World Political Islam Conclusion: Political Islam and Democracy Chapter 4: America and the Evolution of the Arab Spring The Arrival of Spring Conclusion: The Middle East in an Era of Declining American Power Chapter 5: American Options in a Changing Arab World Egypt Syria Conclusion: Spring or Winter? Part II: Radical Islam Chapter 6: Radical Islam: Origins and Evolution Sources of American Policy toward Radical Islam Early Islam Sources and Meaning of Radical Islam The Origins and Early Evolution of al-Qaeda ("the Base") Conclusion: American Foreign Policy and the "Green Menace" Chapter 7: America and the War on Terror The War on Terror Begins Al-Qaeda and Islamic Extremism after 9/11 Regional Terrorist Groups Iraq and Syria The "War on Terror" Human Rights and the War on Terror Conclusion Chapter 8: An End to the War on Terror? Al-Qaeda and Its Regional Affiliates Islamic State of Iraq and Syria "Lone Wolves" Surveillance Human Rights: Drone Strikes The War on Terror Conclusion: Terrorism Persists Part III: Israel and Palestine Chapter 9: America and the Evolution of the Israeli-Palestinian Conundrum, 1948-1967 The Birth of Israel Sources of U.S. Policy toward Israel and the Palestinians The Yom Kippur or October War The Six-Day War and Its Consequences Conclusion: Consequences of the Six-Day War Chapter 10: America, Israel and Palestine: The Elusive Road to Peace American Policy and the Israeli-Palestinian Peace Process Conclusion: What Next? Chapter 11: Is Israel-Palestinian Peace Possible? Two States or One? Israeli Settlements Refugees Hamas and Gaza Economic and Resource Issues Conclusion: Will It Ever End? Part IV: The Shia Crescent Chapter 12: Early American Relations with Iran and Iraq Sources of American Policy toward Iran and Iraq Iran, America, and Britain until the Iranian Revolution The Birth and Evolution of Iraq Conclusion Chapter 13: America and the Shia Crescent: Iraq and Iran Iraq Iran Conclusion Chapter 14: American Options in Iran and Iraq Combatting Insurgency in Iraq Growing Iranian influence in Syria, Iraq and elsewhere in the Middle East America and Its Sunni Friends Oil Interests Iran's Nuclear Ambitions Israel and Iran's "Existential Threat" Conclusion Chapter 15: Conclusion: America and the Complex Middle East The Evolution of American Foreign Policy before the Cold War After the Cold War Contemporary Middle East Challenges What Next?