Preface Introduction Section 1: What Welfare Can and Cannot Do 1. Innovation in Social Policy: Evaluating State Efforts to Reform Welfare, Promote Work, and Help Low-Income Families - Gary Bryner and Ryan Martin 2. Social Policy and Marriage - Lawrence M. Mead 3. Working Families Should Not Be Poor - The New Hope Program - Anjali Gupta, Jessica W. Thornton and Aletha C. Huston 4. Who will Care when Parents Can't?: An Overview of Trends in Kinship Care - Kevin D. Blair and David Taylor Section 2: Poverty among Diverse Populations and Settings 5. Understanding the Processes through which Economic Hardship Influences Rural Families and Children - Rand Conger and Katherine Jewsbury Conger 6. Early Childhood Education and Care: An Opportunity to Enhance the Lives of Poor Children - Anna D. Johnson, Kate Tarrant and Jeanne Brooks-Gunn 7. Appalachian families and poverty: Historical issues and contemporary economic trends - W. Sean Newsome, Kevin R. Bush , Charles B. Hennon, Gary W. Peterson and Stephan M. Wilson 8. Poverty and Economic Polarization among Children in Racial Minority and Immigrant Families - Daniel T. Lichter, Zhenchao Qian and Martha L. Crowley 9. Processes of Poverty and Social Exclusion in Poor Families - Angela Abela and Charles Tabone 10. Mexican American Families and Poverty - Scott L. Coltrane, Ross D. Parke, Thomas J. Schofield, Shigueru J. Tsuha, Michael Chavez and Shoon Lio 11. Mexican Immigrant Childbearing Women: Social Support and Perinatal Outcomes - Lynn Clark Callister and Ana Birkhead 12. Food Insecurity and Provisioning: Chronic Challenges Faced by Families Living in Poverty On the Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation - Erin Feinauer Whiting and Carol J. Ward 13. How Economically Disadvantaged are American Elderly Women? Gender Differences in Economic Well-Being in Old Age - Martha N. Ozawa and Hong-Sik Yoon 14. The Effect of Socioeconomic Status on the Community Functioning of People with Serious Mental Illness and Their Families - Eric D. Johnson 15. Addiction and Medicaid: A Prairie Sighting of Califano's "Elephant in the Living Room of American Society" and State Budgets - Harvey Hillin 16. Incarceration, Poverty, and Families - Stephen J. Bahr 17. Children's Time Use and Parental Involvement in Low-Income Families - W. Jean Yeung and Rebecca K. Glauber 18. Cognitive and Emotional Outcomes for Children in Poverty - R. Gabriela Barajas, Nina Philipsen, and Jeanne Brooks-Gunn 19. Challenging Social Inequalities in Health - Michael Murray and David F. Marks Sections 3: Intervention and Education for Working with Poor Families 20. Giving Head Start a Fresh Start - Douglas J. Besharov and Caeli A. Higney 21. Grandparents: A Family Resource? - Lynda Clarke 22. Poor Fathers Involvement in the Lives of Their Children - Melvin N. Wilson 23. The Health Care Safety Net for Mexican American Families - Ronald J. Angel, Jacqueline L. Angel, and Laura Lein 24. Federal Policy Efforts to Improve Outcomes Among Disadvantaged Families by Supporting Marriage and Family Stability - M. Robin Dion and Alan J. Hawkins 25. Microenterprise: Building Well-being Among Poor U.S. Families - Warner P. Woodworth 26. Working with families in poverty: Towards a multilevel population-based approach - Matthew Sanders and William Bor 27. Increasing Marriage Would Dramatically Reduce Child Poverty - Robert E. Rector, Kirk A. Johnson, and Patrick F. Fagan Chapter 12: Food Insecurity and Provisioning: Chronic Challenges Faced by Families Living in Poverty On the Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation - Erin Feinauer Whiting, Carol J. Ward Chapter 13: How Economically Disadvantaged are American Elderly Women? Gender Differences in Economic Well-Being in Old Age - Hong-Sik Yoon, Martha N. Ozawa Chapter 01: Innovation in Social Policy: Evaluating State Efforts to Reform Welfare, Promote Work, and Help Low-Income Families - Gary C Bryner, Ryan T. Martin Chapter 02: Social Policy and Marriage - Lawrence M. Mead Chapter 03: Working Families Should Not Be Poor - The New Hope Program - Anjali E. Gupta, Jessica W. Thornton-Walker, Aletha C. Huston Chapter 04: Who will Care when Parents Can't?: An Overview of Trends in Kinship Care With a Focus on the Child-Only Provisions of the Temporary Assistance to Needy Families Program - Kevin D. Blair, David B. Taylor Chapter 05: Understanding the Processes through which Economic Hardship Influences Rural Families and Children - Rand Conger, Katherine Jewsbury Conger Chapter 06: Early Childhood Education and Care: An Opportunity to Enhance the Lives of Poor Children - Anna D. Johnson, Kate Tarrant, Jeanne Brooks-Gunn Chapter 07: Appalachian Families and Poverty: Historical Issues and Contemporary Economic Trends - Sean Newsome, Kevin R. Bush, Charles B. Hennon, Gary Peterson, Stephan M. Wilson Chapter 11: Mexican Immigrant Childbearing Women: Social Support and Perinatal Outcomes - Lynn Clark Callister, Ana Birkhead Chapter 23: The Health Care Safety Net for Mexican American Families - Ronald J. Angel, Jacqueline L. Angel, Laura Lein Chapter 14: The Effect of Socioeconomic Status on the Community Functioning of People with Serious Mental Illness and Their Families - Eric D. Johnson Chapter 15: Addiction and Medicaid: A Prairie Sighting of Califano's "Elephant in the Living Room of American Society" and State Budgets - Harvey H. Hillin Chapter 16: Incarceration, Poverty, and Families - Stephen J. Bahr Chapter 17: Children's Time Use and Parental Involvement in Low-Income Families - Wei-Jun Jean Yeung, Rebecca Glauber Chapter 18: Cognitive and Emotional Outcomes for Children in Poverty - R. Gabriela Barajas, Nina Mareike Philipsen, Jeanne Brooks-Gunn Chapter 19: Challenging Social Inequalities in Health - Michael Murray, David F. Marks Chapter 20: Giving Head Start a Fresh Start - Douglas J. Besharov, Caeli A. Higney Chapter 21: Grandparents: A Family Resource? - Lynda Clarke Chapter 22: Poor Fathers Involvement in the Lives of Their Children - Melvin N. Wilson Chapter 24: Federal Policy Efforts to Improve Outcomes Among Disadvantaged Families by Supporting Marriage and Family Stability - M. Robin Dion Chapter 25: Microenterprise: Building Well-being Among Poor U.S. Families - Warner P. Woodworth Chapter 26: Working with Families in Poverty: Towards a Multilevel Population-Based Approach - Matthew R Sanders, William Bor Chapter 27: Increasing Marriage Would Dramatically Reduce Child Poverty - Robert E. Rector, Kirk A. Johnson, Patrick F. Fagan Chapter 08: Poverty and Economic Polarization among Children in Racial Minority and Immigrant Families - Daniel T. Lichter, Zhenchao Qian, Martha L. Crowley Chapter 09: Processes of Poverty and Social Exclusion in Poor Families - Angela Abela, Carmel Tabone Chapter 10: Mexican American Families and Poverty - Scott L. Coltrane, Ross D. Parke, Thomas Schofield, Shigeru Tusha, Michael Chavez, Shoon Liu