Guiding Change in Special Education

Foreword - Maurice McInerney Acknowledgments About the Authors Introduction Case Study Stage 1. Care: Establishing the Need for Action Someone Must Care Enough to Make It All Worthwhile A Three-Step Model of Change: Unfreeze-Move-Refreeze How School Systems Show (and Don't Show) That They Are in Trouble Inside Versus Outside Forces Linking Agent as Connector and Orchestrator of Forces Whose Responsibility? The Value Issues in Helping Care: Summary Stage 2. Relate: Building a Relationship Build a Good Relationship With the People You Are Trying to Help Diagram Your School or School District as a Social Network Linker Configurations How to Size Up Your Relationship Final Word on Relationship Building Relate: Summary Stage 3. Examine: Understanding the Problem Turn Cares Into Problems You Can Solve Making a Good Diagnosis The Data Collection Phase The Analytic Phase Making a Diagnostic Inventory Systemic Analysis: Understanding the System A Data Collection Process A Set of Rating Dimensions Creating a Diagnostic Matrix/Checklist That Points to Solutions Integrating Diagnosis With the Other Stages Examine: Summary Stage 4. Acquire: Seeking and Finding Relevant Resources The Money Theory of Change The People Theory of Change The Knowledge Theory of Change Acquiring Materials (= Packaged Knowledge) Acquire: Summary Stage 5. Try: Moving From Knowledge to Action Giving a Fair Trial to a Well-Considered Solution Pretrial Feasibility Testing: Comparing and Selecting the Best Plan the Implementation What Is the Process? How Can You Evaluate Process? What Are the Outcomes? Can You Measure Outcomes? Cautions on Evaluation Using the Results Sharing With Your Team Try: Summary Stage 6. Extend: Gaining Deeper and Wider Acceptance Issues About Adoption and Diffusion Solidifying Adoption at the Trial Site (Keeping Going) Expanding Change at the Trial Site Extending the Trial to Proximate Sites (Follow-On Adoption) Extending Adoption to the Larger System Variations of the Adoption Curve Going Wider: Strategies and Tactics (The Second Stage of Diffusion) Extend: Summary Stage 7. Renew: Encouraging Ongoing Change How Do Systems Absorb Changes? Improve the Process Keep the Change Fresh Create a Self-Renewal Capacity From Item Change to System Change Installing the Change Function Terminating and Moving On Renew: Summary Summary and Synthesis References Index