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In 1925-26, the future Nobel prize-winner Max Born presented two series of lectures at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology: one on the structure of the atom, the other on the lattice theory of rigid bodies. This volume contains the text of every lecture from both series, offering a remarkable look at the transition from the quantum theory of Bohr to a new direction in atomic dynamics.
"At the time I began this course of lectures," Born writes, "Heisenberg's first paper on the new quantum theory had just appeared. Here his masterly treatment gave the quantum theory an entirely new turn. The paper of Jordan and myself, in which we recognized the matrix calculus as the proper formulation of Heisenberg's ideas, was in press, and the manuscript of a third paper by the three of us was almost completed." In the course of the lecture series, Born introduced new developments as they occurred: Pauli's fourth quantum number, Dirac's formalism, and elements of his own work on a general operational calculus.
Appropriate for upper-level undergraduates and graduate students, Problems of Atomic Dynamics represents the foundations of quantum theory and offers a vivid look at science in the making, presenting clear-cut results that have withstood decades of experimentation.
| Foreword | p. vii |
| Preface | p. ix |
| The Structure of the Atom | |
| p. 1 | |
| Comparison between the classical continuum theory and the quantum theory -- Cheif experimental results on the structure of the atom -- General principles of the quantum theory -- Examples. | |
| p. 12 | |
| General Introduction to mechanics -- Canonical equations and canonical transformations. | |
| p. 21 | |
| The Hamilton-Jacobi partial differential equation -- Action and angle variables -- The quantum conditions. | |
| p. 25 | |
| Adiabatic invariants -- The principle of correspondence. | |
| p. 32 | |
| Degenerate systems -- Secular perturbations -- The quantum integrals | |
| p. 38 | |
| Bohr's theory of the hydrogen atom -- Relativity effect and fine structure -- Stark and Zeeman effects. | |
| p. 47 | |
| Attempts towards a theory of the helium atom and reasons for their failure - Bohr's semi-empirical theory of the structure of higher atoms - The optical electron and the Rydberg-Ritz formula for spectral series -- The classification of series | |
| p. 54 | |
| Bohr's principle of successive building of atoms -- Arc and spark spectra -- Xray spectra -- Bohr's table of the complicated numbers of electrons in the stationary states. | |
| p. 60 | |
| Sommerfeld's inner quantum numbers -- Attempts toward their interpretation by the atomic angular momentum -- Breakdown of the classical theory - Formal interpretation of spectral regularities -- Stoner's definition of subgroups in the periodic system | |
| p. 68 | |
| Introduction to the new quantum theory -- Representation of a coordinate by a matrix -- The elementary rules of matrix calculus | |
| p. 75 | |
| The commutation rule and its justification by a correspondence consideration -- Matrix functions and their differentiation with respect to matrix arguments. | |
| p. 79 | |
| The canonical equations of mechanics - Proof of the conservation of energy and of the "frequency condition" -- Canonical transformations -- The analogue of the Hamilton-Jacobi differential equation. | |
| p. 83 | |
| The example of the harmonic oscillator - Perturbation theory. | |
| p. 89 | |
| The meaning of external forces in the quantum theory and corresponding perturbation formulas -- Their application to the theory of dispersion. | |
| p. 94 | |
| Systems of more than one degree of freedom -- The commutation rules -- The analogue of the Hamilton-Jacobi theory -- Degenerate systems | |
| p. 99 | |
| Conservation of angular momentum -- Axial symmetrical systems and the quantization of the axial component of angular momentum. | |
| p. 106 | |
| Free systems as limiting cases of axially symmetrical systems -- Quantization of the total angular momentum -- Comparison with the theory of directional quantization -- Intensities of the Zeeman components of a spectral line -- Remarks on the theory of Ze | |
| p. 113 | |
| Pauli's theory of the hydrogen atom. | |
| p. 119 | |
| Connection with the theory of Hermitian forms -- Aperiodic motions and continuous spectra. | |
| Substitution of the matrix calculus by the general operational calculus for improved treatment of aperiodic motions -- Concluding remarks. | |
| The Lattice Theory of Rigid Bodies | |
| p. 133 | |
| Classification of crystal properties -- Continuum and lattice theories -- Geometry of lattices | |
| p. 139 | |
| Molecular forces -- Polarizability of atoms -- Potential energy and inner forces -- Homogeneous displacements -- The conditions of equilibrium -- Exampies of regular lattices. | |
| p. 146 | |
| Elimination of inner motions -- Compressibility -- Elasticity and Hooke's law -- Cauchy 's relations -- Dielectric displacement and piezoelectricity -- Residual-ray frequencies. | |
| p. 155 | |
| Ionic lattices -- Kossel's and Lewis' theory -- Calculation of the lattice energy according to Madelung and Ewald. | |
| p. 163 | |
| The energy of the rock-salt lattice -- Repulsive forces -- Derivation of the properties of salt crystals from the properties of inert gases. | |
| p. 168 | |
| Experimental determination of the lattice energy by means of cyclic processes -- The electron affinity of halogens - Heat of dissociation of salt molecules -- Theory of molecular structure. | |
| p. 176 | |
| Chemical crystallography -- Coordination lattices -- Hund's theory of lattice types -- Molecule, radical and layer lattices. | |
| p. 183 | |
| Physical mineralogy -- The parameters of asymmetrical lattices -- The molecule lattice of hydrochloric acid -- Bragg's calculation of the rhombohedral angle of calcite -- Rutile and anatase - Influence of the polarizability on elastic and electric constan | |
| p. 189 | |
| Crystal optics -- Refraction and double refraction -- Optical activity -- Thermodynamics -- Quantum theory of specific heats -- Distribution of frequencies in phase space. | |
| p. 196 | |
| Thermal expansion and pyroelectricity -- Concluding remarks | |
| Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved. |
ISBN: 9780486438733
ISBN-10: 0486438732
Series: Dover Books on Physics
Published: 30th November 2004
Format: Paperback
Language: English
Number of Pages: 224
Audience: General Adult
Publisher: DOVER
Country of Publication: US
Dimensions (cm): 20.9 x 13.6 x 1.27
Weight (kg): 0.24
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