
Phytoliths
A Comprehensive Guide for Archaeologists and Paleoecologists
Paperback | 23 January 2006
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304 Pages
28.0 x 21.4 x 1.6
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Industry Reviews
The terms Dolores Piperno and Phytolith Analysis are nearly synonymous. Dr. Piperno has devoted her career to phytolith research and pioneered many of the techniques and interpretations that are now standard. Her 1988 book on phytoliths set the path for others to follow. Now, nearly two decades later her new edition includes a vast array of new information, techniques, keys, and a bibliography that will guide students and professionals alike for decades to come. -- Vaughn M. Bryant, Director, Palynology Laboratory Texas A & M
This book is useful to archeologists and palaeobotanists in the classroom or the laboratory as the title suggests....The edition is careful and the coverage exhaustive. The book is good and is strongly recommended. * Economic Biology *
Dolores Piperno's Phytoliths, is not only a revision of her earlier 1988 compendium of methods, analytical requirements and interpretative applications of the small silica bodies that form within many plant families and become distributed within the environment, it is also a complete guide to the current knowledge that has been gained about plant domestication and use in prehistory over the past 20 years. Piperno is one of the world's experts on this important addition to archaeological data gathering. The well-referenced data and methodologies within this work illustrate her central place within the archaeobotanical and archaeological disciplines (as well as the ecological discipline). Not only does she provide detailed and now standardized terminology on key morphological descriptive aspects of the bodies, essential for comparisons between scholars, but she also provides a thorough botanical discussion of their purpose and place within a plants life. The families and plant organs where phytoliths occurdiffer widely and now we have a centralized list of their likely distribution. This will allow all archaeologists quicker, more productive access to phytoliths in their own research. It provides all of the core data that are required for collection, curat -- Christine A. Hastorf, University of California-Berkeley
Dolores Piperno's Phytoliths, is not only a revision of her earlier 1988 compendium of methods, analytical requirements and interpretative applications of the small silica bodies that form within many plant families and become distributed within the environment, it is also a complete guide to the current knowledge that has been gained about plant domestication and use in prehistory over the past 20 years. Piperno is one of the world's experts on this important addition to archaeological data gathering. The well-referenced data and methodologies within this work illustrate her central place within the archaeobotanical and archaeological disciplines (as well as the ecological discipline). Not only does she provide detailed and now standardized terminology on key morphological descriptive aspects of the bodies, essential for comparisons between scholars, but she also provides a thorough botanical discussion of their purpose and place within a plants life. The families and plant organs where phytoliths occur differ widely and now we have a centralized list of their likely distribution. This will allow all archaeologists quicker, more productive access to phytoliths in their own research. It provides all of the core data that are required for collection, curation, processing, documentation and analysis. For archaeologists concerned with plant use and plant domestication, this book will be essential. Phytolith studies are now ongoing around the world, in all types of environments and archaeological contexts. A crucial locus of research for phytolith analysis is plant domestication. Chapter 3 covers the major plants that have diagnostic phytoliths and the new, standardized identification criteria. In this chapter Piperno systematically covers the quantitative data that define the wild and domestic varieties, including multiple examples from different geographical regions. She highlights the new evidence we have for important domestic plant histories. These key plants are maize, squashes and gourds, bananas, -- Christine A. Hastorf, University of California-Berkeley
| Acknowledgments | p. ix |
| Introduction: With a Short History of Phytolith Research | p. 1 |
| The Production, Deposition, and Dissolution of Phytoliths | p. 5 |
| The Development of Phytoliths in Plants | p. 5 |
| Summary: How Plants Make Phytoliths | p. 12 |
| Why Plants Make Phytoliths | p. 12 |
| Chemical and Physical Characteristics of Phytoliths | p. 15 |
| The Occurrence of Phytoliths in the Plant Kingdom | p. 15 |
| Mechanisms of Phytolith Deposition into Soils and Sediments | p. 21 |
| Phytolith Preservation in Various Depositional Contexts | p. 21 |
| Phytolith Morphology | p. 23 |
| Some Fundamental Aspects of Phytolith Morphology | p. 24 |
| The Major Classes of Phytoliths: Introduction | p. 27 |
| Phytoliths in the Poaceae | p. 27 |
| Phytolith Morphology in Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms | p. 35 |
| Eudicots | p. 39 |
| Phytoliths in Fruits and Seeds | p. 41 |
| Phytoliths in Wood | p. 41 |
| Less Useful Types of Phytoliths | p. 42 |
| Summary of Phytolith Taxonomic and Ecological Significance | p. 43 |
| Phytoliths in Domesticated Plants and Their Wild Ancestors | p. 45 |
| Maize (Zea mays) and Teosinte (Zea mays subsp. parviglumis) | p. 45 |
| Squashes and Gourds of Cucurbita and Other Domesticated Cucurbitaceae | p. 65 |
| Maranta arundinacea and Calathea allouia (Arrowroot and Liren) | p. 71 |
| Oryza sativa (Rice) | p. 72 |
| Musa spp. (Bananas and Plantains) and Ensete (Enset, Abyssinian or Ethiopian Banana) | p. 74 |
| Wheat (Triticum monococcum, T. dicoccum, and T. aestivum) and Barley (Hordeum vulgare) | p. 76 |
| Summary of Phytolith Analysis in Crop Plant Identification and Prospects for Future Research | p. 78 |
| Field Techniques and Research Design | p. 81 |
| Sampling Archaeological Sites | p. 81 |
| Sampling Lakes, Swamps, and Other Sites for Paleoecological Studies | p. 84 |
| Modern Controls on Sampling | p. 86 |
| Modern Vegetation and Soil Studies | p. 87 |
| Laboratory Techniques | p. 89 |
| The Phytolith Laboratory | p. 89 |
| Techniques for Extracting Phytoliths from Soils | p. 90 |
| Methods of Phytolith Isolation for Carbon-14 and Stable Isotope Study | p. 93 |
| Separating Phytoliths, Pollen, Diatoms, and Microscopic Charcoal Simultaneously and Recovering Starch Granules | p. 95 |
| Extraction of Phytoliths from Modern Plants | p. 97 |
| Preparation of Archaeological Ash Samples (Spodograms) | p. 98 |
| Extraction of Starch Grains from Modern Plants | p. 98 |
| The Isolation of Phytoliths and Starch Grains from Artifacts and Dental Remains | p. 98 |
| Other Techniques of Phytolith Study | p. 100 |
| Phytolith Staining | p. 101 |
| Microscope Techniques | p. 101 |
| Documentation of Phytoliths and Long-Term Curation of Photographs and Images | p. 102 |
| The Interpretation of Phytolith Assemblages: Method and Theory | p. 103 |
| The Formation and Interpretation of Archaeological and Paleoecological Phytolith Assemblages | p. 103 |
| Data Handling and Presentation | p. 115 |
| New Approaches in Phytolith Analysis | p. 125 |
| The Analysis and Interpretation of Particulate Charcoal and Charred Phytoliths Occurring in Phytolith Preparations | p. 134 |
| The Role of Phytoliths in Archaeological Reconstruction | p. 139 |
| Studying Prehistoric Plant Subsistence, Agriculture, and Agricultural Technology with Phytoliths | p. 140 |
| Phytoliths, Dental Remains, and Diet | p. 163 |
| Phytoliths, Stone Tool Function, and Diet | p. 163 |
| Phytoliths in Pottery | p. 164 |
| The Role of Phytoliths in Paleoecology | p. 165 |
| Phytoliths and Paleolimnology | p. 165 |
| Peat Bogs | p. 175 |
| Terrestrial Soils and Sediments | p. 175 |
| Phytoliths in Deep (Pre-Quaternary) Time | p. 183 |
| Phytoliths in Deep-Sea Cores | p. 184 |
| The Future Potential of Phytolith Analysis | p. 185 |
| Phytolith Photographs and Illustrations with Their Explanations | p. 187 |
| References | p. 211 |
| Index | p. 229 |
| About the Author | p. 238 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
ISBN: 9780759103856
ISBN-10: 0759103852
Published: 23rd January 2006
Format: Paperback
Language: English
Number of Pages: 304
Audience: General Adult
Publisher: UNITED SYNAGOGUE OF CONSERVATI
Country of Publication: GB
Dimensions (cm): 28.0 x 21.4 x 1.6
Weight (kg): 0.7
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