Phonological Projection

A Theory of Feature Content and Prosodic Structure

By: Marc van Oostendorp

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Hardcover | 4 February 2000

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Hardcover
410 Pages

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22+

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23.0 x 15.5 x 2.54

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The architecture of the human language faculty has been one of the main foci of the linguistic research of the last half century. This branch of linguistics, broadly known as Generative Grammar, is concerned with the formulation of explanatory formal accounts of linguistic phenomena with the ulterior goal of gaining insight into the properties of the 'language organ'. The series comprises high quality monographs and collected volumes that address such issues. The topics in this series range from phonology to semantics, from syntax to information structure, from mathematical linguistics to studies of the lexicon.

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Non-Fiction Language & Linguistics Reference, Dictionaries & Guides Linguistics Phonetics Grammar, Syntax & Morphology Language Learning & Teaching Language Teaching & Learning Material & Coursework Grammar, Vocabulary & Pronunciation

Introduction	p. 1
The Headedness of syllables	p. 1
The Headedness Hypothesis (HH)	p. 4
Theoretical background	p. 10
Syllable structure	p. 10
Feature geometry	p. 13
Specification and underspecification	p. 16
Skeletal tier	p. 17
Model of the grammar	p. 18
Optimality Theory	p. 19
Data	p. 23
Organisation of the book	p. 23
Vowel quality and rhyme structure in Dutch	p. 29
Introduction	p. 29
The Dutch vowel system	p. 30
Tenseness versus length: The case of Dutch	p. 32
The argument for length	p. 32
The arguments against length	p. 36
A theory based on the feature lax	p. 44
[lax] and syllable structure in vowel harmony	p. 46
Tenseness and branchingness in Dutch	p. 53
Formalization in Optimality Theory	p. 54
Some more arguments for the length of A-vowels	p. 56
Tenseness cannot be defined in a satisfactory way phonetically	p. 56
Minimality requires branching	p. 57
A-vowels form the domain of tonal contour in Limburg Dutch	p. 58
Richness of the base	p. 60
Conclusion	p. 63
Historical overview	p. 64
Dutch structuralism	p. 65
Pre-generative literature	p. 67
Early generative grammar	p. 70
Bisegmental analyses in generative phonology	p. 71
Tilburg Dutch and Standard Dutch vowel length	p. 77
Details in the Standard Dutch vowel system	p. 77
Diphthongs	p. 78
Ambisyllabicity	p. 83
r-lengthening	p. 85
The phonetic nature of the tensing feature	p. 89
Extrasyllabicity and catalexis	p. 94
A dialect with real length: Tilburg Dutch	p. 101
The vowel system	p. 102
Why only lax vowels can be long	p. 107
Vowel shortening	p. 108
Analysis	p. 113
Long vowels in other Brabant dialects	p. 122
The limited distribution of long vowels	p. 123
Conclusion	p. 125
Derivation of the Dutch vowel system	p. 125
Conclusion	p. 129
Derived schwa in Dutch	p. 131
Introduction	p. 131
Properties of r-schwa	p. 135
Word-initial position	p. 138
Word-final position	p. 141
Vowel quality	p. 144
Stress	p. 147
Closed Syllables	p. 151
Style registers	p. 152
Properties of e-schwa	p. 155
The epenthetic vowel is schwa	p. 155
E-schwa does not occur at the end of the word	p. 160
E-schwa only occurs in the last syllable of the word	p. 161
Word-internal contexts in which e-schwa does not occur	p. 163
Style registers	p. 166
Summary and conclusion	p. 166
Dutch U-schwa	p. 169
Introduction	p. 169
Properties of u-schwa	p. 170
Syllable weight	p. 170
U-schwa does not occur word-initially	p. 171
Some other segmental effects	p. 173
The onset of schwa-syllables	p. 175
The coda of schwa-headed syllables	p. 177
Degenerate and schwa-headed syllables	p. 183
Obligatory versus optional epenthesis	p. 186
Again on complex onsets	p. 187
Schwa surrounded by identical consonants	p. 192
Schwa after ng	p. 193
U-schwa and stress	p. 195
Adjacency between schwa and full vowels	p. 197
Complementary distribution of u-schwa and e-schwa	p. 199
Schwa-deletion	p. 200
Conclusion	p. 203
Previous analyses of u-schwa	p. 205
Reduction Theory	p. 206
Epenthesis Theory	p. 208
No-Syllable Theory	p. 209
Remaining problems	p. 218
Final Devoicing	p. 218
Superheavy syllables before schwa	p. 220
Post-lexical u-schwa	p. 221
Umlaut	p. 223
Conclusion	p. 226
Table of properties	p. 227
Schwa in French and Norwegian	p. 229
Introduction	p. 229
French	p. 230
E-schwa is the epenthetic vowel	p. 232
E-schwa does not occur at the end of the word	p. 234
U-schwa must occur in an open syllable	p. 237
Laxing in the head of a foot	p. 240
U-schwa does not occur at the beginning of the word	p. 246
Consonant clusters before schwa cannot be possible complex onsets	p. 247
Schwa is stressless	p. 248
Schwa cannot occur next to a vowel	p. 249
Schwa deletion	p. 252
A parameter	p. 256
Conclusion plus a note on learnability	p. 259
Norwegian	p. 261
Schwa is the epenthetic vowel	p. 262
Epenthetic schwa does not occur at the end of the word	p. 263
Schwa must occur in an open syllable	p. 264
Schwa does not occur at the beginning of the word	p. 266
Consonant clusters before schwa cannot be possible complex onsets	p. 267
Alternation with degenerate syllables	p. 270
Conclusion and another note on learnability	p. 271
Conclusion	p. 272
A vowel-glide alternation in Rotterdam Dutch	p. 273
Introduction	p. 273
The second person clitic	p. 278
Hiatus	p. 280
Hiatus after high vowels	p. 283
After coronal stops	p. 286
Third person singular clitic	p. 297
The diminutive suffix	p. 298
Sievers's Law	p. 304
Other issues	p. 308
Clitics and the diminutive in Standard Dutch	p. 308
Lexical forms	p. 310
The underlying form of 2S is not /i/	p. 314
High vowel followed by schwa	p. 316
1st person plural clitic	p. 316
Conclusion	p. 319
The projection constraint family	p. 321
Introduction	p. 321
Projection and weakness	p. 322
The foot level	p. 326
The N level	p. 331
The rhyme	p. 332
Nuclear level	p. 333
Features	p. 335
Constraints conflicting with projection and weakness	p. 337
Conclusion	p. 338
Appendices
Constraints and families of constraints	p. 341
Prosodic well-formedness	p. 341
Syllable well-formedness	p. 341
Foot well-formedness	p. 343
Word well-formedness	p. 345
Autosegmental representations	p. 347
Feature cooccurrence and licensing	p. 349
Parsing	p. 349
Constraints against unnecessary structure	p. 350
Ad hoc constraint	p. 351
Arguments for ranking	p. 353
Topology of the Dutch lexicon	p. 353
Topology of the Dutch postlexical phonology	p. 357
Ranking schemes	p. 359
Topology of the Standard Dutch lexicon	p. 360
Topology of the Standard Dutch postlexical phonology	p. 361
Topology of the French phonology	p. 362
Topology of the Rotterdam Dutch phonology	p. 363
References	p. 365
Language index	p. 391
Subject index	p. 393
Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved.

Phonological Projection

A Theory of Feature Content and Prosodic Structure

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