Perspectives on Individual Differences

By: Allen Jack Edwards

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Hardcover | 31 March 1993

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320 Pages

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23.39 x 15.6 x 1.91

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Dementia is a state that has implications for several groups. There are, first, those who wish to assess its nature and impact in an objective and scientific fashion, using tools of research to uncover dementia's causes, effects, and parameters. The result has been a rapidly expanding literature in diverse disciplines: physiology, chemistry, neurology, psychology, and sociology, among others. Second, there are those professionals and caregivers who work di rectly with patients and other caregivers and who must assess and apply interventions. Third, physicians are involved in diagnosis and treatment (so far as possible) and are responsible for communicating the ominous meanings of the destructive disease process. Fourth, there are the caregivers, who accept accountability for the future of a human who increasingly shows a "robbing of the mind" in his or her behaviors. The needs and stresses of those who care for and about those with progressive dementia are among the most intense imaginable. They need support of many kinds, frequently without knowing what to ask or of whom to ask it. Finally, there are the patients, who increasingly become dependent as their mental competencies decline. They need empathic care-including answers to questions about cause, stabilization, or reversal of the de menting process. Even more, they need cure. Further, present and future generations need the assurance of prevention. This volume surveys present "knowledge" about dementia and its consequences.

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Non-Fiction Medicine Clinical & Internal Medicine Neurology & Clinical Neurophysiology Other Branches of Medicine Clinical Psychology Psychology Child & Developmental Psychology Psychiatry The Self, Ego, Identity, Personality Social Psychology

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Published: 30th April 2013

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The Nature of Dementia
Defining "Dementia"	p. 1
A Definition Used in This Book	p. 5
Conditions Leading to Dementia	p. 6
Pick's Disease	p. 6
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease	p. 7
Alzheimer's Disease	p. 7
Huntington's Disease (Chorea)	p. 8
Parkinson's Disease	p. 9
Multiinfarct Dementia	p. 10
Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus	p. 10
The Expressions of Dementia	p. 11
Memory Loss	p. 13
Sensory Register	p. 13
Short-Term Memory	p. 14
Long-Term Memory	p. 15
The Brain and Dementia
The Structure of the Cortex	p. 21
The Lobes of the Brain	p. 21
The Working Unit of the Brain: The Neuron	p. 24
The Intellect	p. 26
The Nature of Intelligence	p. 26
The Quality of Mind	p. 33
Identifying Dementia
Dementia in the DSM-III-R	p. 38
Features of Dementia	p. 38
Degrees of Impairment	p. 40
Deficits in Abstract Thought	p. 42
Impaired Judgment and Impulse Control	p. 42
Disturbances of Higher Cortical Function	p. 43
Personality Change	p. 44
Associated Features	p. 44
Age at Onset	p. 47
Course	p. 47
Differential Diagnosis	p. 50
Medical Procedures	p. 51
The Meaning of the Diagnostic Label	p. 52
Technology and Diagnosis
Data-Gathering Instruments	p. 60
The Electroencephalogram (EEG)	p. 60
Computerized Tomography (CT or "CAT" Scan)	p. 64
Positron Emission Tomography (PET)	p. 66
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)	p. 67
Differential Diagnosis	p. 68
Research on Diagnosis	p. 72
Specific Effects of Dementia	p. 73
Current Status	p. 74
Dementia and Psychological Testing
Commonly Used Measures	p. 80
Psychological Tests and Dementia	p. 82
The Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery	p. 84
The Luria-Nebraska Battery	p. 85
The Wechsler Scales	p. 89
The Bender Motor Gestalt Test	p. 96
The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)	p. 97
The Mental Status Questionnaire	p. 100
The Wechsler Memory Scale	p. 102
Verbal Memory and Dementia	p. 103
Language Function in Dementia	p. 109
Dementia and Psychiatric Disorders
Anxiety	p. 114
Depression	p. 117
Comparisons with Technology	p. 126
Treatment for Patients	p. 127
Depression in Caregivers	p. 129
Ancillary Effects and Dementia	p. 131
Suicide	p. 133
Delusional Ideation and Behavior	p. 134
Dementia and the Patient - I
Alzheimer's Disease	p. 140
Cause and Prognosis	p. 142
Course	p. 145
Multiinfarct Dementia	p. 152
Cause and Prognosis	p. 156
Course	p. 161
Dementia and the Patient - II
Pick's Disease	p. 167
Cause and Prognosis	p. 169
Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus	p. 172
Cause and Prognosis	p. 173
Course	p. 174
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease	p. 175
Huntington's and Parkinson's Diseases	p. 176
Recent Research on Dementia in Huntington's Disease	p. 177
Cause and Prognosis	p. 178
Recent Studies on Dementia in Parkinson's Disease	p. 182
Cause and Prognosis	p. 184
Current Research in Drug Therapy	p. 190
Genetics	p. 190
Environmental Toxins	p. 191
Neurotransmitter Deficits	p. 191
Beta Amyloid	p. 192
Slow-Acting Virus	p. 192
Immune System Decline	p. 192
Dementia and the Family
Stress and Burden	p. 200
Research on Caregiver Burden	p. 203
Research on Sources of Burden	p. 206
Institutionalization	p. 209
Coping Strategies	p. 212
Support Groups	p. 215
Caregiver Depression	p. 218
Self-Efficacy	p. 220
Respite	p. 224
Therapeutic Intervention	p. 226
Intervention Techniques
Rationale for Intervention	p. 229
Assumptions	p. 229
Testing the Intervention	p. 232
Intervention Methods	p. 234
Reality Orientation	p. 236
Reminiscence Therapy	p. 241
Validation Therapy	p. 246
Remotivation Therapy	p. 248
Psychotherapy	p. 250
Reasons for Intervention	p. 251
Dementia and the Future
Dementia in the Present	p. 255
The Status of Diagnosis	p. 255
Patient Characteristics	p. 257
Caregiver Characteristics	p. 260
Interventions	p. 260
Research	p. 262
Dementia in the Twenty-First Century	p. 262
More of the Same	p. 263
Medicine	p. 263
Scientific Research	p. 264
Psychological Research	p. 265
Social Research	p. 266
Cooperative Efforts	p. 266
Model Building	p. 267
The Ultimate Goal: Prevention	p. 267
Notes	p. 269
References	p. 273
Index	p. 297
Table of Contents provided by Blackwell. All Rights Reserved.

Perspectives on Individual Differences

At a Glance

Hardcover

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