Preface xvii
About the Author xix
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Definition of Paper-Based Functional Materials 1
1.2 Raw Materials of Paper-Based Functional Materials 2
1.2.1 Natural Polymers 3
1.2.2 Inorganic Minerals 4
1.2.3 Petroleum-Based Organic Polymers 4
1.3 Properties and Applications of Paper-Based Functional Materials 5
1.4 Economic and Social Value of Paper-Based Functional Materials 6
1.5 Development Trends of Paper-Based Functional Materials 8
1.5.1 Development of New Technologies 8
1.5.2 Development of New Products 8
References 10
2 High-performance Starch Paper-Based Functional Materials 11
2.1 Overview 11
2.1.1 Starch and Starch-Based Functional Products 11
2.1.2 Types and Functions of Starch-Based Functional Products for Papermaking 13
2.1.3 Application of Starch-Based Functional Products in Papermaking 13
2.1.4 The Significance of Starch-Based Functional Products in Maintaining Forest Resources and Energy Conservation and Emissions Reduction 15
2.1.4.1 AlternativeWood-Fiber Raw Materials 16
2.1.4.2 Promote Energy Conservation and Emissions Reduction 17
2.2 Preparation Methods of Starch-Based Functional Products 18
2.2.1 Wet-Processing Technology 18
2.2.2 Dry Process 19
2.2.3 Semi-dry Process 20
2.2.4 Continuous Flow and Pipeline-Based Green Manufacturing New Process 20
2.3 High-performance Starch-Based Functional Products for Papermaking 24
2.3.1 Special Modified Starch for Non-Wood Fiber 24
2.3.1.1 Product Structural Innovationâ"Pioneering the Molecular Structure Modification of Natural Polymer (Starch) with Multifunctional Groups 25
2.3.1.2 Technological Process Innovationâ"Inventing the Catalytic Continuous Powder Pipeline Reaction Clean Production Process 26
2.3.1.3 Application Technology Innovationâ"Pioneering Application Technology for Non-Wood-Fiber Pulp Papermaking 26
2.3.2 High-Retention Surface-Sizing Starch 27
2.3.2.1 The Main Differences Between High-Retention Surface-Sizing Starch and Regular Oxidized Starch 27
2.3.2.2 Application of High-Retention Surface-Sizing Starch 31
2.3.3 Interference-Resistant Specialized Enhancer for Recycled Paper 32
2.3.4 Environmentally Friendly Paper Coating Adhesive 33
2.3.4.1 Viscosity Reduction Process 36
2.3.4.2 Improve the Viscosity Stability of Starch, Especially Under High-Concentration and Low-Temperature Conditions 36
2.3.4.3 Enhancing the Modification of Starch Through Cationization 37
2.3.5 Specialized Functional Starch for Heat Transfer Printing Paper 39
2.3.6 High-Substitution High-Molecular-Weight Cationic Starch 43
2.4 Application Technologies of Starch-Based Functional Products in Papermaking 46
2.4.1 Wet-End Application Technology 47
2.4.2 Surface-Sizing Technology 49
2.4.2.1 The Selection of Surface-Sizing Agents 50
2.4.2.2 The Selection of Surface-Sizing Equipment 50
2.4.2.3 Shared Chemical Technology in Surface Sizing 52
2.4.3 Interlayer Application Technology 53
2.4.3.1 Application Mechanism and Performance Requirements 53
2.4.3.2 Spray Technology 55
2.4.4 Coating Application Technology 57
2.4.5 Relevant Green Technology Applications and Equipment 59
2.4.5.1 High-Temperature Jet Cooking Technology and Equipment for Starch Continuous Cooking 59
2.4.5.2 Papermaking Fillers Online Surface Modification and Jet Mixing Technology and Equipment 62
2.4.6 Comprehensive Economic and Technical Evaluation 64
2.4.6.1 Retention Rate Analysis 65
2.4.6.2 Quality and Benefits Analysis 65
2.4.6.3 Analysis of Raw Material Cost Reduction Benefits 65
2.4.6.4 Analysis of Other Benefits 65
2.5 Outlook and Recommendations 65
References 67
3 Functional Materials Based on Nanocellulose Paper 69
3.1 Overview 69
3.1.1 Classification of Nanocellulose 71
3.1.1.1 Cellulose Nanocrystals 71
3.1.1.2 Cellulose Nanofibrils 72
3.1.1.3 Bacterial Nanocellulose 73
3.1.2 Cellulose Nanofibrils - CMF (or MFC) 73
3.2 Preparation and Characterization of Nanocellulose 74
3.2.1 Preparation 74
3.2.1.1 Mechanical Methods 74
3.2.1.2 Chemical Methods 78
3.2.1.3 Biological Methods 79
3.2.2 Modification Techniques 79
3.2.3 Main Characterization Methods 80
3.3 Functional Application of Nanocellulose in PaperMaking 82
3.3.1 Paper Reinforcement 83
3.3.2 Paper Filling 86
3.3.3 Paper Barrier 87
3.3.4 Other Applications 91
3.4 Existing Problems and Prospects 94
3.4.1 Existing Problem 94
3.4.2 Prospect 94
References 95
4 High-Performance Fiber Paper-Based Functional Materials 99
4.1 Introduction 99
4.2 Typical High-Performance Fiber 99
4.2.1 High-Performance Organic Fibers 100
4.2.1.1 Aromatic Polyamide Fiber 100
4.2.1.2 Polyimide Fiber 102
4.2.1.3 Poly-p-phenylenebenzobisoxazole (PBO) Fiber 104
4.2.1.4 Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene Fiber 105
4.2.2 High-Performance Inorganic Fiber 106
4.2.2.1 Glass Fiber 106
4.2.2.2 Carbon Fiber 108
4.2.2.3 Basalt Fiber 110
4.2.2.4 Ceramic Fiber 112
4.3 Wet-Laid Forming Technology of High-Performance Fiber Paper 113
4.3.1 Challenges in Preparing High-Performance Fiber Paper 114
4.3.2 Key Technologies 114
4.3.2.1 Differential Fibers 115
4.3.2.2 Fiber Dispersion 119
4.3.2.3 Paper Forming 121
4.3.2.4 Paper Strengthen 123
4.4 Typical High-Performance Fiber-Based Functional Paper Materials 124
4.4.1 Aramid Fiber-Based Electrical Insulation Paper 125
4.4.2 Aramid/ Mica Insulation Paper 127
4.4.3 Lightweight and High-Strength Para-Aramid Honeycomb Core Material 129
4.4.4 High-Temperature-Resistant Polyimide Fiber Paper-Based Functional
Materials 130
References 131
5 Long-Fiber Filter Paper-Based Functional Materials 135
5.1 Long Fibers for Filter Paper-Based Functional Materials 135
5.1.1 Overview 135
5.1.2 Classification and Characteristics of Long Fibers 135
5.1.2.1 Long Fibers from Plants 135
5.1.2.2 Long Fibers from Non-Plant Sources 138
5.2 Mechanisms of Filtration 142
5.2.1 Air Filtration 142
5.2.1.1 Interception Effect 142
5.2.1.2 Inertia Effect 142
5.2.1.3 Diffusion Effect 143
5.2.1.4 Gravity Effect 144
5.2.1.5 Electrostatic Effect 145
5.2.2 Liquid Filtration 145
5.2.2.1 Principle of Liquid Filtration 145
5.2.2.2 Filtration Types 146
5.3 Applications of Filter Paper-Based Functional Materials 147
5.3.1 Paper-Based Functional Materials for Engine Filtration 147
5.3.1.1 Overview 147
5.3.1.2 Development of Engine Filtration Paper 147
5.3.1.3 Technology of Engine Filtration Paper Materials 148
5.3.1.4 Types of Engine Filtration Paper Materials 149
5.3.1.5 Classification of Engine Filtration Paper Materials 150
5.3.1.6 Technical Specifications for Engine Filtration Paper 151
5.3.1.7 Production Processes for Engine Filtration Paper 151
5.3.1.8 Prospects for Engine Filtration Paper 152
5.3.2 Filter Paper-Based Functional Materials for Analysis and Testing 155
5.3.2.1 Overview 155
5.3.2.2 Classification of Chemical Analysis Filter Paper 156
5.3.2.3 Technical Specifications and Processes of Chemical Analysis Filter Paper 157
5.3.3 Paper-Based Functional Materials for Tea Filtration 161
5.3.3.1 Principle of Tea Bag Filter Paper 161
5.3.3.2 Preparation Process of Tea Bag Filter Paper 161
5.3.3.3 Technical Parameters of Tea Bag Filter Paper 163
5.3.3.4 Prospects for Paper-Based Functional Materials for Tea Filtration 164
References 165
6 Hydrophobic/Oleophobic/Hydrophilic/Lipophilic Paper-Based Functional Materials 167
6.1 Introduction to the Mechanism of SurfaceWettability of Paper-Based Materials 167
6.1.1 Wetting Model of the Surface of the Object 167
6.1.2 Definition of DifferentWetting Interfaces 169
6.1.2.1 Definition of a Hydrophobic and Oleophobic Interface 169
6.1.2.2 Definition of a Hydrophobic and Lipophilic Interface 169
6.1.2.3 Definition of Hydrophilic and Lipophilic Interfaces 169
6.1.2.4 Definition of Hydrophilic and Oleophobic Interfaces 170
6.2 Hydrophobic and Oleophobic Paper-Based Functional Materials 171
6.2.1 Preparation 171
6.2.1.1 Physicochemical Modification Method 173
6.2.1.2 Surface Coating Method 175
6.2.1.3 Nanoparticle Deposition Method 176
6.2.1.4 Chemical Modification Method 176
6.2.2 Application 177
6.2.2.1 Oilâ"Water Separation 177
6.2.2.2 Self-cleaning 178
6.2.2.3 Microfluidic Device 178
6.2.2.4 Intelligent Response to Functional Materials 178
6.3 Hydrophobic and Lipophilic Paper-Based Functional Materials 179
6.3.1 Preparation 179
6.3.2 Application 180
6.3.2.1 Oilâ"Water Separation 180
6.3.2.2 Fuel Filter Paper 181
6.4 Hydrophilic and Lipophilic Paper-Based Functional Materials 182
6.4.1 Preparation 182
6.4.1.1 Physical Modification Method 182
6.4.1.2 Surface Coating Method 183
6.4.1.3 Chemical Modification Method 184
6.4.2 Application 187
6.4.2.1 Industrial Wiping Paper 187
6.4.2.2 Kitchen Absorbent Oil-absorbing Paper 188
6.4.2.3 Humidity Regulation Cling Paper 188
6.4.2.4 Medical Absorbent Paper 189
6.4.2.5 Facial Oil Blotting Paper 189
6.5 Hydrophilic and Oleophobic Paper-Based Functional Materials 190
6.5.1 Preparation 190
6.5.2 Application 190
6.5.2.1 Grease-proof Paper 190
6.5.2.2 Oil Repellent 191
6.5.2.3 Greaseproof Paper for Food Packaging 192
6.5.2.4 Oilâ"water Separation Membrane 193
6.6 Prospect 194
References 195
7 Flame-Retardant and Heat Insulation Paper-Based Functional Materials 201
7.1 Flame-Retardant Paper-Based Functional Materials 201
7.1.1 Classification of Flame Retardants for Paper-Based Functional Materials 201
7.1.1.1 Organic Flame Retardants 202
7.1.1.2 Inorganic Flame Retardants 202
7.1.1.3 Nano Flame Retardants 204
7.1.2 Flame-Retardant Mechanism of Paper-Based Functional Materials 205
7.1.2.1 The Combustion Process of Paper-Based Functional Materials 205
7.1.2.2 Flame-Retardant Mechanism of Paper-Based Functional Materials 206
7.1.3 Preparation of Flame-Retardant Paper-Based Functional Materials 207
7.1.3.1 Internal addition 208
7.1.3.2 Surface Coating 209
7.1.3.3 Impregnation 209
7.1.4 Application of Flame-Retardant Paper-Based Functional Materials 210
7.1.4.1 Wallpaper 210
7.1.4.2 Packaging Materials 210
7.1.4.3 Honeycomb Paper 211
7.1.4.4 Filter Paper 212
7.1.4.5 Electrical Insulation Paper 213
7.1.5 Prospect 213
7.2 Thermal Insulation Paper-Based Functional Materials 214
7.2.1 Classification of Thermal Insulation Paper-Based Functional Materials 214
7.2.1.1 Organic Thermal Insulation Materials 214
7.2.1.2 Inorganic Thermal Insulation Materials 215
7.2.1.3 Metal Thermal Insulation Materials 215
7.2.1.4 Aerogel Thermal Insulation Materials 215
7.2.2 Thermal Transfer Principle of Paper-Based Functional Materials 215
7.2.3 Preparation of Thermal Insulation Paper-Based Functional Materials 216
7.2.3.1 Direct Casting Method for Thermal Insulation Fibers 216
7.2.3.2 Wet End Addition 217
7.2.3.3 Papermaking Method with Mixed Fibers 217
7.2.3.4 Surface Coating Method 217
7.2.4 Applications of Thermal Insulation Paper-Based Functional Materials 218
7.2.4.1 Insulation Thermal Paper Used in the Power Sector 218
7.2.4.2 Thermal Insulation Paper-Based Functional Materials in Food Packaging 219
7.2.4.3 Thermal Insulation Paper-Based Functional Materials in Daily Life 219
References 220
8 Paper-Based Functional Materials for Filtration and Separation 223
8.1 Overview 223
8.2 Fundamentals of Filtration and Separation 226
8.2.1 Gas Filtration and Separation 227
8.2.1.1 Mechanism 227
8.2.1.2 Filtration Process 227
8.2.2 Liquid Filtration and Separation 228
8.2.2.1 Filtration Types 228
8.2.2.2 Fundamentals of Filtration 230
8.3 Preparation of Paper-Based Functional Materials for Filtration and Separation 231
8.3.1 Preparation of Wet-Laid Nonwoven Fabric 232
8.3.1.1 Wet-Laid Nonwoven Fabric Production Process 232
8.3.1.2 Types of Fibers 232
8.3.1.3 Fundamentals of Wet-Laid Nonwoven Fabric Formation 232
8.3.1.4 Formation Equipment of Wet-Laid Nonwoven Fabric 233
8.3.1.5 Fiber Bonding and Reinforcement Technology 234
8.3.2 Nonwoven Fabric Composite Technology 236
8.3.2.1 Adhesive Composite 237
8.3.2.2 Heat Bonding Composite 237
8.3.2.3 Mechanical Bonding Composite 238
8.4 Applications of Paper-Based Functional Materials for Filtration and Separation 240
8.4.1 Automotive Filtration 240
8.4.2 High-Efficiency Air Filtration 241
8.4.3 Water Filtration 243
8.4.4 Battery Separator Paper 243
8.4.5 Face Masks 244
References 246
9 Paper-Based Functional Materials for Analysis and Detection 247
9.1 Development of Paper-Based Functional Materials for Analysis and Detection 247
9.2 Fabrication Methods for Paper-Based Analytical Detection Chips 251
9.2.1 Physical Barrier/Deposition Method 253
9.2.1.1 Wax Patterning Method 253
9.2.1.2 Drawing Method 254
9.2.1.3 Physical Inkjet Etching Method 254
9.2.1.4 Screen Printing Method 255
9.2.1.5 Flexographic Printing Method 255
9.2.1.6 Cutting Method 255
9.2.2 Chemical Modification Method 255
9.2.2.1 Photolithography Method 255
9.2.2.2 Inkjet Printing Method 256
9.2.2.3 Plasma Treatment Method 256
9.2.2.4 Chemical Etching Method 256
9.2.3 Paper Modification Method 257
9.3 Detection Methods of Paper-Based Functional Materials for Analysis and Detection 257
9.3.1 Electrochemical Method 258
9.3.2 Chemiluminescence Method 258
9.3.3 Electrochemiluminescence Method 259
9.3.4 Fluorescence Method 259
9.3.5 Colorimetric Method 260
9.4 Applications of Paper-Based Functional Materials for Analysis and Detection 260
9.4.1 Application of Paper-Based Detection Chips in Medical Diagnosis 260
9.4.1.1 Analysis of Proteins 260
9.4.1.2 Analysis of Nucleic Acids 261
9.4.1.3 Analysis of Cells 262
9.4.1.4 Analysis of Other Small Molecules/Ions 262
9.4.2 Application of Paper-Based Detection Chips in Environmental Monitoring 262
9.4.3 Application of Paper-Based Detection Chips in Food Safety Control 263
9.4.3.1 Detection of Food Additives 263
9.4.3.2 Detection of Pesticide Residues 263
9.4.3.3 Detection of Bacteria 264
9.5 Application Cases of Paper-Based Functional Materials for Analysis and Detection 264
9.5.1 Optimization and Regulation of Blood Typing Paper-Chip and Paper-Based Structure 265
9.5.2 Paper-Based Chip for Measuring Heavy Metal Ions inWater Based on Optical Transmittance Density 268
9.5.3 Paper-Based Chip for High-Throughput Detection of Antibiotics in Milk 268
9.5.4 Construction of Composite Substrate for Paper-Based Chips and Optimization of Physical and Detection Performance 272
9.6 Future Prospects of Paper-Based Functional Materials for Analysis and Detection 273
References 274
10 Other Paper-Based Functional Materials 283
10.1 Cream Paper-Based Functional Materials 283
10.1.1 Overview 283
10.1.1.1 Definition of Cream Paper-Based Functional Materials 283
10.1.1.2 Characteristics of Cream Paper-Based Functional Materials 283
10.1.2 Preparation Technology and Principles of Cream 289
10.1.2.1 Smoothing Technology 289
10.1.2.2 High Moisturizing Technology 292
10.1.3 Preparation of Cream Paper 295
10.1.3.1 Online Spraying Method 295
10.1.3.2 Rotary Spraying Method 295
10.1.3.3 Gravure Roller Coating Method 295
10.1.3.4 High-Precision Spraying Method 296
10.1.4 Outlook 296
10.2 Photocatalytic Paper-Based Functional Materials 296
10.2.1 Overview of Photocatalytic Materials 296
10.2.1.1 Background of Photocatalytic Materials Research 296
10.2.1.2 Classification of Photocatalytic Materials 297
10.2.1.3 Application Areas of Photocatalytic Materials 297
10.2.2 Nano TiO2 Photocatalytic Material 299
10.2.2.1 Structure of Nano TiO2 Photocatalytic Material 299
10.2.2.2 Nano TiO2 Photocatalysis Principle 300
10.2.2.3 Factors Affecting the Photocatalytic Activity of Nano TiO2 301
10.2.3 Photocatalytic Paper-Based Functional Materials Application Research 302
10.2.3.1 Air Pollution Degradation 303
10.2.3.2 Bactericidal and Bacteriostatic 306
10.2.3.3 Superhydrophobic 306
10.2.3.4 Application in Aramid Paper 307
10.2.3.5 Flexible Supercapacitors 308
10.2.4 Prospect 309
10.3 Basic Functional Materials for Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Paper 309
10.3.1 Overview 309
10.3.1.1 Definition of Basic Functional Materials for Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Paper 309
10.3.1.2 Current Status of the Development of Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Materials 310
10.3.2 Types and Characteristics 314
10.3.2.1 Traditional Preservation Functional Materials 314
10.3.2.2 Antibacterial Preservation Paper-Based Materials 317
10.3.3 Preparation Technology 326
10.3.3.1 Papermaking Combined Preparation Technology 327
10.3.3.2 Infiltration Combined Treatment Technology 328
10.3.3.3 Coating Combined Treatment Technology 328
10.3.3.4 Sandwich Combined Design Technology 329
10.3.4 Outlook 330
10.4 Electromagnetic Shielding Paper-Based Functional Materials 330
10.4.1 Overview 330
10.4.2 Shielding Mechanism of Electromagnetic Shielding Materials 331
10.4.3 Classification and Development of Electromagnetic Shielding Materials 332
10.4.3.1 Classification of Electromagnetic Shielding Materials 332
10.4.3.2 Development History of Electromagnetic Shielding Materials 333
10.4.4 Research Status of Electromagnetic Shielding Paper-Based Functional Materials at Home and Abroad 334
10.4.5 Preparation Methods and Functional Characteristics of Electromagnetic Shielding Paper-Based Functional Materials 335
10.4.5.1 Preparation of Basic Shielding Materials for Electromagnetic Shielding Paper-Based Functional Materials 336
10.4.5.2 Forming Techniques and Functional Characteristics of Electromagnetic Shielding Paper-Based Functional Materials 336
10.4.6 Applications of Electromagnetic Shielding Paper-Based Functional Materials 338
10.4.7 Outlook 340
10.5 Paper-Based Functional Materials for Decorative Base Paper 341
10.5.1 Overview 341
10.5.2 The Quality Requirements of Decorative Base Paper 343
10.5.3 Functional Materials and Characteristics of Decorative Base Paper 344
10.5.3.1 Inorganic filler 344
10.5.3.2 Retention Aid 346
10.5.3.3 Wet Strength Agent 347
10.5.3.4 Wear-resistant Materials 348
10.5.4 The Application of Functional Materials in Decorative Base Paper 349
10.5.4.1 Add in Pulp 349
10.5.4.2 Surface Coating 351
10.5.5 Outlook 352
10.6 Thermal-Sensitive Paper 353
10.6.1 Introduction 353
10.6.1.1 Development 353
10.6.1.2 Thermal Printing Mechanism 353
10.6.1.3 Application 354
10.6.2 Quality and Requirements 355
10.6.3 Thermal Functional Materials 356
10.6.3.1 Thermal-Sensitive Chemicals 356
10.6.3.2 Heat Insulation Material 358
10.6.3.3 Other Functional Materials 359
10.6.4 Production Process 360
10.6.4.1 Base Paper 360
10.6.4.2 Precoat 361
10.6.4.3 Thermal Coat 361
10.6.4.4 Top Coat Layer 361
10.6.4.5 Drying 361
10.6.4.6 Calendering 361
10.6.5 Prospect of Industry 361
Reference 362
Index 369
