Panini Grammar

Understanding Guna Vowel Strengthening

By: Ashwini Kumar Aggarwal, Sadhvi Hemswaroopa

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Paperback | 26 June 2025

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106 Pages

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In Sanskrit Grammar, for Verb Construction, an important process is a¤-a¥a¤£a¤ Guna also known as vowel strengthening. This process has many complexities and intricacies involved, and needs to be thoroughly understood. This book hopes to make the Guna procedure crystal clear, through various examples and case studies.

7.3.84 a¤¸a¤¾a¤°a¥a¤µa¤§a¤¾a¤¤a¥a¤a¤¾a¤°a¥a¤§a¤§a¤¾a¤¤a¥a¤a¤¯a¥a¤ a¥¤ Guna happens to facing a¤a¤a¥ vowel by Sarvadhatuka and Ardhadhatuka Affixes.

7.3.86 a¤ªa¥a¤-a¤¨a¥a¤¤a¤²a¤a¥a¤ªa¤§a¤¸a¥a¤¯ a¤ a¥¤ Guna happens to short penultimate a¤a¤a¥ vowel of facing entity also.

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1.1.1 a¤µa¥a¤¦a¥a¤§a¤a¤°a¤¾a¤¦a¥a¤a¥ a¥¤ Vriddhi letters are a¤ , a¤ , a¤" a¥¤

1.1.2 a¤a¤¦a¥a¤a¥ a¤-a¥a¤£a¤ a¥¤ Guna letters are a¤ a¤� a¤" a¥¤

1.1.3 a¤a¤a¥ a¤-a¥a¤£a¤µa¥a¤¦a¥a¤§a¥ a¥¤ Guna happens to a¤a¤a¥ vowel.

1.1.5 a¤a¥a¤a¤a¤¤a¤ a¤ a¥¤ Guna does not happen by a¤a¤a¤¤a¥ a¤a¤a¤¤a¥ a¤-a¤a¤¤a¥ Affixes.

1.1.6 a¤¦a¥a¤§a¥a¤µa¥a¤µa¥a¤Ÿa¤¾a¤®a¥ a¥¤ Guna does not happen to Roots a¤¦a¥a¤§a¤ a¤µa¥a¤µa¤ , and Guna does not happen by a¤a¤Ÿa¥ augment (which is an Ardhadhatuka).

1.1.51 a¤a¤°a¤£a¥ a¤°a¤ªa¤°a¤ a¥¤ Upon Guna to a¤ a¥ / a¤ , the letters a¤°a¥ / a¤²a¥ get added.

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1.2.4 a¤¸a¤¾a¤°a¥a¤µa¤§a¤¾a¤¤a¥a¤a¤®a¤ªa¤a¤¤a¥ a¥¤ a¤a¤ªa¤a¤¤a¥ Sarvadhatuka Affixes behave as a¤a¤a¤¤a¥ a¥¤

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3.4.113 a¤¤a¤a¤a¥a¤¶a¤a¤¤a¥a¤¸a¤¾a¤°a¥a¤µa¤§a¤¾a¤¤a¥a¤a¤®a¥ a¥¤ All Ting Affixes and a¤¶a¤a¤¤a¥ Affixes = Affixes with a¤¶a¥ Tag, are called Sarvadhatuka Affixes. Augment + Ting = Ting.

3.4.114 a¤a¤°a¥a¤§a¤§a¤¾a¤¤a¥a¤a¤ a¤¶a¥a¤·a¤ a¥¤ Rest are called Ardhadhatuka Affixes.

Guna Conditions

Guna happens to final a¤a¤a¥ = a¤ a¤ a¤ a¤ a¤ a¥ a¤ or
Short penultimate a¤a¤a¥ = a¤ a¤ a¤ a¤

by a¤ªa¤a¤¤a¥ Sarvadhatuka Affixes, and

all Ardhadhatuka Affixes (unless specifically prohibited).

Contains

Guna wrt 10 Tenses and Moods Ting Affixes
Guna wrt Dhatu Gana 1c - 10c
Guna wrt sample Roots

Lists the Dhatupatha, Alphabetical Index of Dhatus, and Maheshwar Sutras and Pratyaharas for in-depth understanding.

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