Panini Grammar

nichi mit and Proxy Roots

By: Ashwini Kumar Aggarwal, Sadhvi Hemswaroopa

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Paperback | 26 July 2025

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a¤®a¤a¤¤a¥ is a grammatical classification in the Dhatupatha. It applies Ashtadhyayi Sutra 6.4.92 a¤®a¤a¤¤a¤¾a¤ a¤¹a¥a¤°a¤¸a¥a¤µa¤ to specific Roots in Dhatupatha.

7.2.116 a¤a¤¤ a¤a¤ªa¤§a¤¾a¤¯a¤¾a¤ a¥¤ For Roots having penultimate a¤ that end in a consonant, the penultimate a¤ takes Vriddhi for Affixes having a¤a¥ or a¤£a¥ Tag.

Note: Primary Root Verb forms for 1c - 9c Roots are unaffected. Applies only for Secondary a¤£a¤a¤a¤¨a¥a¤¤a¤ Verbs.

6.4.92 a¤®a¤a¤¤a¤¾a¤ a¤¹a¥a¤°a¤¸a¥a¤µa¤ a¥¤ For Roots classifed as a¤®a¤a¤¤a¥ i.e. with a¤®a¥ Tag, their penultimate vowel before the causative a¤£a¤a¤a¥ is shortened. This a¤®a¤a¤¤a¥ classification is given to specific Roots in the Dhatupatha, by Gana Sutras. This is a grammatical system to ensure that Root to Verb Spellings can be derived correctly and be accurate. For a¤®a¤a¤¤a¥ Roots for making a¤£a¤a¤a¤¨a¥a¤¤a¤ Verb Spellings, Sutras 7.2.116 and 6.4.92 apply consecutively. By 7.2.116 the penultimate a¤a¤a¤¾a¤°a¤ becomes a¤a¤a¤¾a¤°a¤ a¥¤ By 6.4.92 the penultimate a¤a¤a¤¾a¤°a¤ reverts back to a¤a¤a¤¾a¤°a¤ a¥¤

Roots of Dhatupatha on which 7.2.116 can apply:

-Roots having penultimate a¤ and final consonant.

-Thus it cannot apply to a¤a¤¦a¤a¤¤a¥ Roots, since we get penultimate a¤¨a¥

-It cannot apply to Roots with final conjunct.

-It cannot apply to 10c a¤a¤¥a¤¾a¤¦a¤a¤ Roots 1851 a¤a¤¥ to 1943 a¤¤a¥a¤¤a¥a¤¥ since there is penultimate consonant and final a¤

Roots of Dhatupatha on which 6.4.92 can apply:

-Roots classified as a¤®a¤a¤¤a¥ by Gana Sutras in Dhatupatha

-It can apply to all a¤®a¤a¤¤a¥ Roots that have penultimate vowel

-Thus it can apply to Root 778 a¤¹a¥a¤¡ a¤µa¥a¤·a¥a¤?a¤¨a¥ that is a¤®a¤a¤¤a¥ and has penultimate vowel. (This is the only a¤®a¤a¤¤a¥ Root in Dhatupatha with penultimate vowel other than a¤a¤a¤¾a¤°a¤ )

-Some a¤®a¤a¤¤a¥ Roots are a¤a¤¦a¤a¤¤a¥ (e.g. 769 a¤a¥a¤·a¤a¤ a¤-a¤¤a¤a¤¦a¤¾a¤¨a¤¯a¥a¤ ) so Sutra 6.4.92 cannot apply

-Some a¤®a¤a¤¤a¥ Roots have final conjunct (e.g. 999 a¤°a¤a¥a¤ a¤°a¤¾a¤-a¥ ) so 6.4.92 applies only when a¤¨a¥ drops and we have penultimate a¤

-It cannot apply to 10c a¤a¤¥a¤¾a¤¦a¤a¤ Roots 1851 a¤a¤¥ to 1943 a¤¤a¥a¤¤a¥a¤¥ since there is penultimate consonant and final a¤

There are some Roots in the Dhatupatha whose Secondary a¤£a¤a¤a¥ Verb Forms are a¤®a¤a¤¤a¥ a¥¤ These have been neatly collected for accurate Verb Spelling. 3x3 Parasmaipada and Atmanepada Verb Tables have been given for these Roots. Lists the Dhatupatha, Alphabetical Index of Dhatus, and Maheshwar Sutras and Pratyaharas for in-depth understanding.

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