| List of Illustrations | p. xi |
| List of Tables | p. xiii |
| Preface | p. xv |
| Acknowledgments | p. xvii |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| Citizenship and Service: A 2004 Survey of Army Personnel | p. 5 |
| The 2004 West Point Preelection Survey | p. 7 |
| Soldiers and Politics | p. 10 |
| Historical Overview | p. 10 |
| From the Revolution to Civil War | p. 10 |
| Post-Civil War | p. 13 |
| Post-World War II | p. 15 |
| Post-Vietnam | p. 20 |
| After the Cold War | p. 23 |
| Implications for Civil-Military Relations | p. 27 |
| An Overview of Army Demographics | p. 34 |
| The Army's Rank Structure | p. 34 |
| Gender, Race, and Ethnicity | p. 35 |
| Education and Income | p. 38 |
| Family and Region | p. 40 |
| The Virtual Army and Virtual Officer Corps | p. 42 |
| Social and Political Attitudes | p. 45 |
| Reasons for Joining | p. 45 |
| Views of the Army | p. 47 |
| Use of Military Force | p. 48 |
| Defense and Foreign Policy Spending | p. 52 |
| The Economy and Domestic Spending | p. 54 |
| Social Issues | p. 60 |
| Attitudes toward Issues of Gender and Race | p. 62 |
| Trust and Efficacy in Government | p. 65 |
| Conclusion | p. 68 |
| Conservatism | p. 70 |
| Self-Identification | p. 70 |
| Opting In and Opting Out? | p. 82 |
| Social and Economic Dimensions of Conservatism | p. 85 |
| Conclusion | p. 92 |
| Party Affiliation in the Army | p. 95 |
| Deriving Party Affiliation | p. 95 |
| Generic Party Identification | p. 98 |
| Identification with the Republican and Democratic Parties | p. 101 |
| Determinants of Republican Identification | p. 105 |
| The Meaning of Party Affiliation in the Army | p. 109 |
| Soldier and Officer Differences | p. 111 |
| Military and Civilian Differences | p. 111 |
| Republican-Democratic Differences | p. 115 |
| Party Affiliation and Foreign Policy | p. 119 |
| Conclusion | p. 124 |
| Political Participation | p. 127 |
| Voting | p. 129 |
| Displaying Support | p. 131 |
| Donating Money | p. 131 |
| Determinants of Political Activity | p. 132 |
| Mobility and Ease of Voting | p. 137 |
| Efficacy and Political Participation | p. 139 |
| Partisanship and Political Participation | p. 140 |
| Army Culture | p. 144 |
| Self-Selection Effect | p. 146 |
| Conclusion | p. 149 |
| The Army's Next Generation | p. 152 |
| Existing Research on Cadets and Socialization | p. 153 |
| Self-Selection | p. 154 |
| The Limits of Socialization | p. 155 |
| Shaping Political Attitudes? | p. 157 |
| The 2004 Cadet Preelection Survey | p. 160 |
| Cadet Demographics | p. 161 |
| The Composition and Role of West Point Instructors | p. 164 |
| Ideology and Party Affiliation | p. 165 |
| Indoctrination or Self-Selection? | p. 166 |
| Demographics | p. 167 |
| Institutional Pressure? | p. 169 |
| Perceptions and Expectations | p. 172 |
| Conclusion | p. 174 |
| Army Attitudes in 2004 and Beyond | p. 177 |
| Conventional Wisdom and the Reality of Army Attitudes | p. 178 |
| A Generational Shift | p. 184 |
| The Way Forward | p. 187 |
| The Future of American Civil-Military Relations | p. 187 |
| Leveraging the Institution for Political Gain | p. 191 |
| Fulfilling Professional Obligations | p. 191 |
| Translating Service into Privilege | p. 192 |
| Lessons from the Army's Birthday | p. 194 |
| Update: The 2008 Election | p. 197 |
| Afterword | p. 201 |
| Thoughts on Sparta … | p. 201 |
| … and Babylon | p. 203 |
| Citizenship and Service: A 2004 Survey of Army Personnel | p. 207 |
| Survey Method | p. 207 |
| Survey Response | p. 210 |
| Survey Weighting | p. 214 |
| Survey Instrument: C&S Survey | p. 215 |
| The 2004 Cadet Preelection Survey | p. 223 |
| Survey Instrument: The 2004 Cadet Preelection Survey | p. 224 |
| Comparison Surveys | p. 240 |
| The Virtual Army and Virtual Officer Corps | p. 243 |
| Rules Governing Political Participation of Members of the Army | p. 245 |
| Adjutant General's Absentee Voting Message | p. 247 |
| Bibiliography | p. 249 |
| Index | p. 259 |
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