| Introduction | p. 1 |
| Which economics | p. 1 |
| The aim of this work | p. 2 |
| Notes introduction | p. 5 |
| The Link with More Traditional Economics | |
| New economics against the history of economic thought | p. 9 |
| Classical economists about objectives | p. 9 |
| General economic interdependence | p. 9 |
| The partial approach | p. 10 |
| The rise of mathematics in economics | p. 12 |
| Notes chapter 1 | p. 14 |
| Success and shortcomings of econometric models | p. 17 |
| Significance of econometric models | p. 17 |
| Definition of I/O and its relation to the Walrasian system | p. 20 |
| SAM and General Equilibrium Models | p. 21 |
| The stability of the technical coefficients and the inverse matrix | p. 22 |
| Structural changes and Input-Output | p. 24 |
| Benchmarking and Input-Output | p. 26 |
| Multiple objectives and multiple units in input-output analysis | p. 26 |
| Conclusions about traditional model building for application | p. 28 |
| Notes chapter 2 | p. 30 |
| The Advent of New Economics | |
| Creative and prospective thinking | p. 37 |
| Some preliminary definitions | p. 37 |
| Open discussion methods | p. 38 |
| Nominal methods | p. 39 |
| Nominal Group Technique | p. 44 |
| The Cross-Impact Technique | p. 47 |
| A nominal group technique on the economic situation of the developing countries over the period 1987-1996 | p. 49 |
| Application for the economic situation of Lithuania over the period (2002-2011) | p. 53 |
| Nominal Group Technique on the business outlook of the facilities sector of Lithuania over the period (2003-2012) | p. 55 |
| Notes chapter 1 | p. 61 |
| Simulation and Sensitivity Analysis | p. 65 |
| Categories of Simulation | p. 65 |
| Parametric Analogs | p. 68 |
| Sensitivity Analysis | p. 69 |
| Notes chapter 2 | p. 70 |
| Scenario Writing | p. 71 |
| Origin and classification | p. 71 |
| How to write Scenarios? | p. 71 |
| Some weak points of Scenario Writing | p. 73 |
| Economic policy in Tanzania with different input-output scenarios as a basis | p. 75 |
| Scenarios for Lithuania 2002 - 2011 | p. 77 |
| Scenarios for the future of the facilities sector of Lithuania 2003 - 2012 | p. 81 |
| Notes chapter 3 | p. 83 |
| New Economics for a Stakeholder Society | |
| Introduction to multiple objective utility theory | p. 87 |
| Why from old to new economics? | p. 87 |
| Value or utility? The risk problem | p. 89 |
| Multiple Objective Utility Theory inside the theory of the statistical universe | p. 91 |
| Measurement of attributes by indicators | p. 93 |
| Measurement of quality | p. 97 |
| Hierarchy of objectives. What does hierarchy mean? | p. 99 |
| A hierarchy of objectives for the Democratic Republic of Congo | p. 100 |
| Conflict resolution | p. 105 |
| Instruments for a new economic policy | p. 105 |
| Notes chapter 1 | p. 107 |
| Some traditional methods to approach the problem of multiple objectives | p. 111 |
| Cost-Benefit Analysis and Decision Tree Analysis | p. 111 |
| Cost-Effectiveness Analysis and Fractional Programming | p. 112 |
| The Scorecard Method | p. 113 |
| The weighting concept | p. 114 |
| The approach based on a series of binary comparisons | p. 118 |
| Notes chapter 2 | p. 123 |
| Multifarious comparisons for objectives and attributes | p. 125 |
| The approach of a complete a priori priority between the multifariously compared objectives | p. 125 |
| The filtering stage | p. 128 |
| The possibility of a dominance stage | p. 129 |
| Dominance and the law of decreasing marginal utility | p. 131 |
| Notes chapter 3 | p. 137 |
| The indifference method | p. 139 |
| The filtering stage of the indifference method | p. 139 |
| The indifference stage of the indifference method | p. 139 |
| Case study: the indifference method for arms procurement | p. 143 |
| Notes chapter 4 | p. 145 |
| How to optimize in a stakeholder society? | p. 147 |
| Reference Point Theory a Method to Compare Until Now Incomparable Alternatives | |
| Reference point theory as a solution for multiobjective utility | p. 151 |
| The ranking stage for the until now incomparable | p. 151 |
| Generalization for the until now incomparable alternatives | p. 152 |
| Indifference curve analysis and reference point theory | p. 153 |
| Consideration of the Maximal Criterion Reference Point | p. 157 |
| The Utopian Criterion Vector and the Aspiration Criterion Vector | p. 158 |
| The normalization of attributes in reference point theory | p. 158 |
| How to measure the distance between the discrete points of the alternatives and the reference point? | p. 159 |
| The problem of an efficient point that is not proper efficient and the reference point theory | p. 161 |
| Is there a the danger of a reverse order? | p. 162 |
| Alternatives generated during the process: the continuous case | p. 163 |
| Conclusions | p. 164 |
| Case study: how to choose a wife? | p. 165 |
| Notes chapter 1 | p. 169 |
| Project planning, analysis and evaluation | p. 171 |
| An example of project planning | p. 171 |
| The objectives for project planning | p. 172 |
| The selection of the project | p. 172 |
| Different competing projects | p. 175 |
| Multiple objectives in industrial management | p. 178 |
| Project evaluation | p. 183 |
| Notes chapter 2 | p. 187 |
| Reference point theory in seaport planning | p. 189 |
| Comparison of effectiveness of different concepts of seaports in an analytical and prospective way, including new developments | p. 189 |
| The filtering stage in seaport planning | p. 190 |
| The ranking stage in seaport planning | p. 194 |
| Appraisal of projects for the installation of a container terminal in a seaport of a developing country | p. 196 |
| Notes chapter 3 | p. 204 |
| Privatization and reference point theory | p. 205 |
| The problem | p. 205 |
| The filtering stage in the case of privatization | p. 206 |
| An indifference stage in privatization | p. 206 |
| Simulation exercise for privatization in Ukraine | p. 207 |
| Some practical consequences of application of reference point theory for privatization | p. 211 |
| Notes chapter 4 | p. 213 |
| Marketing with multiple objectives for consumer goods with applications for a department store | p. 215 |
| Objectives for a department store | p. 215 |
| Filtering and normalization in the case of a department store | p. 215 |
| The application of the reference point theory with maximal criterion values for a department store | p. 219 |
| A chance for an in-between alternative | p. 220 |
| Conclusions about reference point theory in connection with the expansion of a department store | p. 222 |
| Notes chapter 5 | p. 223 |
| A Multiplicative Form for Multiobjective Optimization | |
| The multiplicative representation of multiobjective optimization | p. 227 |
| Forms of the utility function | p. 227 |
| Bilinear and multilinear forms | p. 228 |
| The full-multiplicative form | p. 229 |
| What about the unit of utility u[subscript j]? | p. 231 |
| An illustrative application | p. 232 |
| Is normalization still necessary? | p. 233 |
| Objectives moving in a different direction | p. 236 |
| An illustrative example with objectives moving in a different direction | p. 237 |
| Multiplicative form on the basis of geometric means | p. 238 |
| The danger of a reverse order in the multiplicative form | p. 238 |
| Attributes of objectives raised to powers | p. 239 |
| Some restrictions of the multiplicative representation | p. 243 |
| Notes chapter 1 | p. 244 |
| The multiplicative representation in scenarios for an optimal economic policy in Belgium | p. 247 |
| Political and economic structure of Belgium | p. 247 |
| Eleven scenarios for an optimal economic growth in Belgium | p. 248 |
| The ranking after the application of the multiplicative representation | p. 250 |
| Is it possible to stress the importance of some objectives? | p. 253 |
| Relevance of attributes raised to powers for an optimal Belgian economic policy | p. 254 |
| Conclusions | p. 258 |
| Notes chapter 2 | p. 259 |
| An application for arms procurement | p. 261 |
| The application of the full-multiplicative form | p. 261 |
| Does there exist a danger for a reverse order? | p. 263 |
| Conclusions concerning the choice of a fighter plane in Belgium | p. 265 |
| Notes chapter 3 | p. 266 |
| Multiplicative representation and project planning for a developing country | p. 267 |
| A national investment board in a developing country | p. 267 |
| The filtering stage in project planning for a developing country | p. 269 |
| Indifference or ranking in project planning for a developing country | p. 270 |
| Notes chapter 4 | p. 279 |
| An optimal input-output structure for a developing country such as Tanzania | p. 281 |
| Some characteristics of input- output in developing countries | p. 281 |
| Economic policy with several input-output scenarios as a basis in a developing country | p. 282 |
| Linkages between the scenarios and the economic policy of Tanzania | p. 285 |
| Conclusions | p. 287 |
| Notes chapter 5 | p. 289 |
| Ratio Analysis a Separate Method for Multiple Objectives Optimization? | |
| Mechanical methods and multiobjective optimization | p. 293 |
| Ratio analysis a new approach? | p. 293 |
| The choice between different ratio systems | p. 293 |
| Ratio analysis applied for multiobjective optimization | p. 295 |
| Notes chapter 1 | p. 296 |
| Ratio analysis for a department store | p. 297 |
| One of the alternatives is taken as a reference | p. 297 |
| The Van Delft and Nijkamp method of maximum value | p. 298 |
| The Van Delft and Nijkamp method of square roots | p. 298 |
| The Voogd ratios | p. 299 |
| Some methods of ratio analysis applied for a department store | p. 301 |
| The Voogd ratios and the Van Delft and Nijkamp method of square roots applied for a department store | p. 307 |
| Ratio analysis for arms procurement | p. 311 |
| The choice of fighter planes | p. 311 |
| Ratios analysis as applied for arms procurement | p. 313 |
| Conclusions on arms procurement | p. 316 |
| Ratio analysis and project planning for a developing country | p. 317 |
| The policy of a national investment board in a developing country | p. 317 |
| The indifference or the ranking stage with ratio analysis for a developing country | p. 318 |
| Conclusions on ratio systems | p. 323 |
| Choice of ratios | p. 323 |
| Significance of the ratio system | p. 324 |
| The ratio system as a new method for multiobjective optimization | p. 324 |
| Notes chapter 5 | p. 328 |
| General conclusions of the book | p. 329 |
| Index | p. 337 |
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