| Maxwell's equations and propagation of electromagnetic waves | p. 1 |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| Maxwell's equations | p. 1 |
| Plane waves in a dielectric | p. 3 |
| The Poynting vector | p. 12 |
| The complex notation | p. 18 |
| Wave propagation in an absorbing medium | p. 19 |
| Additional problems | p. 25 |
| Reflection and refraction of electromagnetic waves | p. 27 |
| Introduction | p. 27 |
| Reflection and refraction at the interface of two homogeneous nonabsorbing dielectrics | p. 28 |
| Total internal reflection and evanescent waves | p. 42 |
| Reflection and transmission by a film | p. 46 |
| Extension to two films | p. 54 |
| Interference filters | p. 57 |
| Periodic media | p. 57 |
| Reflection and transmission in the presence of absorbing media | p. 60 |
| Additional problems | p. 62 |
| Wave propagation in anisotropic media | p. 63 |
| Introduction | p. 63 |
| Double refraction | p. 63 |
| Some polarization devices | p. 69 |
| Plane waves in anisotropic media | p. 74 |
| Wave refractive index | p. 78 |
| Ray refractive index | p. 82 |
| The ray velocity surface | p. 84 |
| The index ellipsoid | p. 87 |
| Problems | p. 89 |
| Fraunhofer diffraction | p. 97 |
| Introduction | p. 97 |
| The diffraction formula | p. 99 |
| Rectangular aperture | p. 102 |
| The single slit diffraction pattern | p. 106 |
| Circular aperture | p. 108 |
| Directionality of laser beams | p. 114 |
| Limit of resolution | p. 117 |
| Resolving power of a microscope | p. 121 |
| Annular aperture and apodization | p. 122 |
| Fraunhofer diffraction by a set of identical apertures | p. 124 |
| Resolving power of a prism | p. 135 |
| Additional problems | p. 137 |
| Fresnel diffraction | p. 140 |
| Introduction | p. 140 |
| The diffraction integral | p. 140 |
| Uniform amplitude and phase distribution | p. 141 |
| Diffraction of a Gaussian beam | p. 141 |
| Intensity distribution near the paraxial image point of a converging lens | p. 144 |
| Fresnel diffraction by a circular aperture | p. 148 |
| Babinet's principle | p. 152 |
| Fresnel diffraction due to a circular disc | p. 152 |
| Diffraction at a straight edge | p. 154 |
| Fresnel diffraction by a long narrow slit | p. 160 |
| Problems | p. 165 |
| Spatial frequency filtering | p. 167 |
| Introduction | p. 167 |
| The Fourier transform and some of its important properties | p. 168 |
| The Fourier transforming property of a thin lens | p. 169 |
| Some elementary examples of the Fourier transforming property of a lens | p. 172 |
| Applications of spatial frequency filtering | p. 175 |
| Phase contrast microscope | p. 177 |
| Image deblurring | p. 178 |
| Holography | p. 181 |
| Introduction | p. 181 |
| The basic principle | p. 182 |
| Coherence requirements | p. 188 |
| Resolution | p. 188 |
| Fourier transform holograms | p. 190 |
| Volume holograms | p. 194 |
| Some applications | p. 194 |
| Lasers: I | p. 201 |
| Introduction | p. 201 |
| The Einstein coefficients | p. 202 |
| Light amplification | p. 208 |
| The threshold condition | p. 211 |
| Laser rate equations | p. 214 |
| Variation of laser power around threshold | p. 226 |
| Optimum output coupling | p. 234 |
| Line broadening mechanisms | p. 236 |
| Additional problems | p. 243 |
| Lasers: II | p. 245 |
| Introduction | p. 245 |
| Modes of a rectangular cavity and the open planar resonator | p. 246 |
| The quality factor | p. 252 |
| The ultimate linewidth of the laser | p. 254 |
| Mode selection | p. 256 |
| Q-switching | p. 264 |
| Mode locking in lasers | p. 272 |
| Modes of a confocal resonator system | p. 280 |
| General spherical resonator | p. 287 |
| Higher order modes | p. 291 |
| Some laser systems | p. 294 |
| Introduction | p. 294 |
| Ruby lasers | p. 294 |
| Neodymium based lasers | p. 297 |
| The He--Ne laser | p. 300 |
| The argon ion laser | p. 302 |
| The CO[subscript 2] laser | p. 302 |
| Dye lasers | p. 304 |
| Excimer lasers | p. 308 |
| Semiconductor lasers | p. 308 |
| Problems | p. 314 |
| Electromagnetic analysis of the simplest optical waveguide | p. 315 |
| Introduction | p. 315 |
| Classification of modes for a planar waveguide | p. 318 |
| TE modes in a symmetric step index planar waveguide | p. 319 |
| TM modes in a symmetric step index planar waveguide | p. 328 |
| The relative magnitude of the longitudinal components of the E and H fields | p. 330 |
| Power associated with a mode | p. 331 |
| Radiation modes | p. 333 |
| Excitation of guided modes | p. 334 |
| Maxwell's equations in inhomogeneous media: TE and TM modes in planar waveguides | p. 339 |
| Additional problems | p. 342 |
| Leaky modes in optical waveguides | p. 347 |
| Introduction | p. 347 |
| Quasi-modes in a planar structure | p. 349 |
| Leakage of power from the core | p. 352 |
| The matrix method for determining the propagation characteristics of planar structures which may be leaky or absorbing | p. 354 |
| Calculation of bending loss in optical waveguides | p. 358 |
| Optical fibre waveguides | p. 364 |
| Introduction | p. 364 |
| The optical fibre | p. 367 |
| The numerical aperture | p. 368 |
| Pulse dispersion in step index fibres | p. 369 |
| Scalar wave equation and the modes of a fibre | p. 374 |
| Modal analysis for a step index fibre | p. 377 |
| Modal analysis of a parabolic index medium | p. 387 |
| Pulse dispersion | p. 390 |
| Multimode fibres with optimum profiles | p. 395 |
| First and second generation fibre optic communication systems | p. 400 |
| Single mode fibres | p. 403 |
| The Gaussian approximation | p. 410 |
| Splice loss | p. 411 |
| The vector modes | p. 416 |
| Integrated optics | p. 421 |
| Introduction | p. 421 |
| Modes in an asymmetric planar waveguide | p. 422 |
| Ray analysis of planar waveguides | p. 432 |
| WKB analysis of inhomogeneous planar waveguides | p. 433 |
| Strip waveguides | p. 437 |
| Some guided wave devices | p. 441 |
| Additional problems | p. 455 |
| The electrooptic effect | p. 461 |
| Introduction | p. 461 |
| The electrooptic effect in KDP crystals: longitudinal mode | p. 462 |
| The electrooptic effect in KDP crystals: transverse mode | p. 473 |
| The electrooptic effect in lithium niobate and lithium tatalate crystals | p. 475 |
| General considerations on modulator design | p. 477 |
| The index ellipsoid in the presence of an external electric field | p. 492 |
| Additional problems | p. 498 |
| The strain optic tensor | p. 502 |
| Introduction | p. 502 |
| The strain optic tensor | p. 502 |
| Calculation of AE for a longitudinal acoustic wave propagating in an isotropic medium | p. 504 |
| Calculation of AE for a shear wave propagating along the z-direction in lithium niobate | p. 505 |
| Problems | p. 506 |
| Acoustooptic effect: Raman-Nath diffraction | p. 508 |
| Introduction | p. 508 |
| Raman-Nath and Bragg regimes of diffraction | p. 508 |
| A simple experimental set up to observe Raman-Nath diffraction | p. 510 |
| Theory of Raman-Nath diffraction | p. 511 |
| Acoustooptic effect: Bragg diffraction | p. 519 |
| Introduction | p. 519 |
| Small Bragg angle diffraction | p. 520 |
| Basic equations governing Bragg diffraction | p. 524 |
| Coupled wave analysis for small Bragg angle diffraction | p. 526 |
| Large Bragg angle diffraction | p. 532 |
| Application to periodic media | p. 537 |
| Transition to the Raman-Nath regime | p. 540 |
| Vector approach to coupled wave equations | p. 541 |
| Evaluation of e[superscript +] AE e[subscript 0] | p. 542 |
| Acoustooptic devices | p. 546 |
| Introduction | p. 546 |
| Raman-Nath acoustooptic modulator | p. 546 |
| Bragg modulator | p. 548 |
| Acoustooptic deflectors | p. 559 |
| Acoustooptic spectrum analyser | p. 562 |
| Nonlinear optics | p. 564 |
| Introduction | p. 564 |
| The self focussing phenomenon | p. 565 |
| Second harmonic generation | p. 569 |
| Appendices | p. 587 |
| Wave equation and its solutions | p. 589 |
| The index ellipsoid | p. 592 |
| Density of modes | p. 595 |
| Solution of the scalar wave equation for an infinite square law medium | p. 596 |
| Leakage calculations of a packet of radiation modes | p. 598 |
| WKB analysis of multimode fibres | p. 603 |
| Coupled mode equations | p. 609 |
| References and suggested reading | p. 612 |
| Index | p. 621 |
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