| List of Figures | p. xi |
| List of Tables | p. xii |
| Checklists | p. xiii |
| General Editors' Preface | p. xiv |
| Acknowledgements | p. xvi |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| Key Concepts and Issues | |
| Historical Background | p. 7 |
| The emergence of computer-mediated communication for language learning and teaching | p. 7 |
| The road travelled: a broad view | p. 10 |
| What the meta-literature reveals about practice and research | p. 12 |
| Practitioner studies as a reflection of practices of use | p. 13 |
| A new content area emerges | p. 16 |
| The quality of CMCL research | p. 16 |
| Summary | p. 18 |
| Learning Theories | p. 19 |
| Theoretical framework 1: the cognitive SLA model | p. 19 |
| Theoretical framework 2: sociocultural theory | p. 23 |
| Summary | p. 29 |
| Mediation, Multimodality and Multiliteracies | p. 31 |
| What is mediation? | p. 31 |
| Affordances, modes and the computer medium | p. 34 |
| New literacies | p. 43 |
| Summary | p. 47 |
| Lines of Enquiry into CMCL | p. 49 |
| Issues in comparative research | p. 49 |
| Discourse and conversation analysis | p. 51 |
| The ecology of online learning, interculturalism and identity research | p. 57 |
| Summary | p. 59 |
| Teaching Online | p. 61 |
| Teachers' roles and skills | p. 61 |
| Teaching online through collaboration, task-based and problem-based learning | p. 64 |
| The teacher as reflective practitioner | p. 73 |
| Summary | p. 74 |
| Learner Experience | p. 76 |
| Learner participation | p. 77 |
| Anxiety | p. 79 |
| Motivation, learner control and autonomy | p. 82 |
| Presence and identity | p. 85 |
| Summary | p. 87 |
| Assessment of CMCL | p. 88 |
| Different understandings of 'online assessment' | p. 89 |
| Designing assignments for CMCL | p. 98 |
| The student's experience of CMC assessment | p. 99 |
| Summary and future research needs | p. 100 |
| Research and Practice | |
| Asynchronous Fora | p. 107 |
| Introduction | p. 107 |
| Savignon and Roithmeier 2004 | p. 108 |
| Weasenforth, Biesenbach-Lucas and Meloni 2002 | p. 110 |
| Conclusion | p. 112 |
| Synchronous Chat | p. 115 |
| Introduction | p. 115 |
| Blake 2000 | p. 116 |
| Thorne 2003 | p. 118 |
| Conclusion | p. 121 |
| Multiple Object-oriented Environments | p. 123 |
| Introduction | p. 123 |
| Kotter 2003 | p. 124 |
| Schneider and von der Emde 2005 | p. 127 |
| Conclusion | p. 130 |
| Audiographic Environments and Virtual Worlds | p. 131 |
| Introduction | p. 131 |
| Erben 1999 | p. 131 |
| Svensson 2003 | p. 134 |
| Conclusion | p. 136 |
| Videoconferencing | p. 138 |
| Introduction | p. 138 |
| Goodfellow, Jefferys, Miles and Shirra 1996 | p. 139 |
| O'Dowd 2006a and 2006b | p. 142 |
| Conclusion | p. 144 |
| Emerging Technologies | p. 146 |
| Blogs | p. 146 |
| Wikis | p. 148 |
| Mobile devices | p. 150 |
| Conclusion | p. 153 |
| Practitioner Research | |
| An Overview of Practitioner Research | p. 157 |
| What is practitioner research? | p. 157 |
| The three essential steps of all practitioner research | p. 159 |
| Overview of methods and instruments | p. 166 |
| Summary | p. 170 |
| A Practical Guide to CMCL Practitioner Research | p. 172 |
| You and your participants' technical competence | p. 173 |
| An ethical framework for your project | p. 174 |
| What practical consequences can you expect to face when researching home-based distributed learning? | p. 177 |
| Guarding against the effects of automatic indicators | p. 179 |
| Summary | p. 181 |
| Data in Practitioner Research | p. 183 |
| What counts as data? | p. 183 |
| How should your data be presented? | p. 185 |
| What is a corpus and do you need one? | p. 188 |
| How can you store and preserve your data? | p. 188 |
| What automatic tools are available for analysing CMCL data? | p. 189 |
| Summary | p. 191 |
| Some Possible Practitioner Research Projects | p. 192 |
| How to use the project templates in this chapter | p. 192 |
| Six project templates | p. 193 |
| Resources | |
| Resources | p. 209 |
| Introduction | p. 209 |
| Blogs | p. 210 |
| Information centres or portals | p. 210 |
| Online bibliographies | p. 215 |
| Online books | p. 215 |
| Online journals | p. 216 |
| Online newsletters | p. 218 |
| Professional organisations | p. 219 |
| Tools and practical support: free | p. 219 |
| Tools and practical support: pay-to-use | p. 221 |
| MOOs and virtual worlds | p. 222 |
| Video-streamed talks and other free educational sites | p. 223 |
| Wikis | p. 224 |
| Bibliography | p. 225 |
| Index | p. 247 |
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