On the Lam

The fugitive is the sinister hero of many a novel (Light in August, Beloved), the luminary in a cluster of motion pictures and in other popular entertainment (Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, Bonnie and Clyde, The Fugitive, Thelma and Louise), and a headliner for the daily news (O. J. Simpson, Osama bin Laden). Yet, although a paradigm and symbol, seldom has the fugitive figure been the focus of literary or cultural discussion.

Correcting that oversight, this book maps changing landscapes of criminal flight in American texts by focusing on the years between 1932 and 1952, the period when the codes of J. Edgar Hoover's FBI first prevailed. It was the time that policing was modernized and reconfigured, a time when law enforcment fought to redeem itself from the corruption and compromise of Prohibition.

The young Hoover was the star of this rehabilitation. His administrative innovations were matched only by his tireless effort to shape public sentiment about crime. His complex system employed information and communication technology as a way to overcome the obstacles posed by disparate jurisdictions, regional difference, and the remoteness of America's hinterlands. As he united these regions in a coherent body, a national whole, he transformed the geography of American crime.

Within this cultural context, On the Lam aligns fugitive slave narratives, classics of noir, works by Richard Wright and Ralph Ellison, and narratives of the deadly contest between Hoover's FBI and the charismatic Midwestern bandit John Dillinger. These bear witness not only to a project of law and order but also to the conception and deployment of a coordination and surveillance network that thrust policing power far beyond the presence of the officer. Even as the fugitives depicted in these works seek the wilderness beyond the policed frontier, On the Lam finds their tales to be an exacting gauge of America's final transit into modernity.

William Beverly is a freelance writer, scholar, and editor.