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Nuclear Physics in a Nutshell provides a clear, concise, and up-to-date overview of the atomic nucleus and the theories that seek to explain it. Bringing together a systematic explanation of hadrons, nuclei, and stars for the first time in one volume, Carlos A. Bertulani provides the core material needed by graduate and advanced undergraduate students of physics to acquire a solid understanding of nuclear and particle science. Nuclear Physics in a Nutshell is the definitive new resource for anyone considering a career in this dynamic field.
The book opens by setting nuclear physics in the context of elementary particle physics and then shows how simple models can provide an understanding of the properties of nuclei, both in their ground states and excited states, and also of the nature of nuclear reactions. It then describes: nuclear constituents and their characteristics; nuclear interactions; nuclear structure, including the liquid-drop model approach, and the nuclear shell model; and recent developments such as the nuclear mean-field and the nuclear physics of very light nuclei, nuclear reactions with unstable nuclear beams, and the role of nuclear physics in energy production and nucleosynthesis in stars.
Throughout, discussions of theory are reinforced with examples that provide applications, thus aiding students in their reading and analysis of current literature. Each chapter closes with problems, and appendixes address supporting technical topics.
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| Introduction | p. 1 |
| What is Nuclear Physics? | p. 1 |
| This Book | p. 3 |
| Hadrons | p. 4 |
| Nucleons | p. 4 |
| Nuclear Forces | p. 5 |
| Pions | p. 7 |
| Antiparticles | p. 8 |
| Inversion and Parity | p. 8 |
| Isospin and Baryonic Number | p. 10 |
| Isospin Invariance | p. 13 |
| Magnetic Moment of the Nucleons | p. 14 |
| Strangeness and Hypercharge | p. 15 |
| Quantum Chromodynamics | p. 21 |
| Exercises | p. 29 |
| The Two-Nucleon System | p. 31 |
| Introduction | p. 31 |
| Electrostatic Multipoles | p. 32 |
| Magnetic Moment with Spin-orbit Coupling | p. 34 |
| Experimental Data for the Deuteron | p. 36 |
| A Square-well Model for the Deuteron | p. 38 |
| The Deuteron Wavefunction | p. 41 |
| Angular momentum coupling | p. 41 |
| Two particles of spin [fraction12] | p. 42 |
| Total wavefunction | p. 43 |
| Particles in the Continuum: Scattering | p. 46 |
| Partial Wave Expansion | p. 49 |
| Low Energy Scattering | p. 53 |
| Effective Range Theory | p. 59 |
| Proton-Proton Scattering | p. 61 |
| Neutron-Neutron Scattering | p. 64 |
| High Energy Scattering | p. 65 |
| Laboratory and Center of Mass Systems | p. 65 |
| Exercises | p. 68 |
| The Nucleon-Nucleon Interaction | p. 71 |
| Introduction | p. 71 |
| Phenomenological Potentials | p. 72 |
| Local Potentials | p. 72 |
| Nonlocal potential | p. 78 |
| Meson Exchange Potentials | p. 80 |
| Yukawa and Van der Waals potentials | p. 80 |
| Field theory picture | p. 84 |
| Short range part of the NN interaction | p. 86 |
| Chiral symmetry | p. 87 |
| Generalized boson exchange | p. 89 |
| Beyond boson exchange | p. 91 |
| Effective Field Theories | p. 95 |
| Exercises | p. 96 |
| General Properties of Nuclei | p. 98 |
| Introduction | p. 98 |
| Nuclear Radii | p. 98 |
| Binding Energies | p. 101 |
| Total Angular Momentum of the Nucleus | p. 104 |
| Multipole Moments | p. 104 |
| Magnetic Dipole Moment | p. 106 |
| Electric Quadrupole Moment | p. 109 |
| Excited States of Nuclei | p. 111 |
| Nuclear Stability | p. 114 |
| Exercises | p. 116 |
| Nuclear Models | p. 119 |
| Introduction | p. 119 |
| The Liquid Drop Model | p. 119 |
| The Fermi Gas Model | p. 124 |
| The Shell Model | p. 128 |
| Residual Interaction | p. 142 |
| Nuclear Vibrations | p. 144 |
| Nuclear Deformation | p. 149 |
| The Nilsson Model | p. 150 |
| The Rotational Model | p. 153 |
| Microscopic Theories | p. 160 |
| Hartree-Fock theory | p. 160 |
| The Skyrme interaction | p. 162 |
| Relativistic mean field theory | p. 164 |
| Exercises | p. 166 |
| Radioactivity | p. 170 |
| Introduction | p. 170 |
| Multiple Decays-Decay Chain | p. 171 |
| Preparation of a Radioactive Sample | p. 173 |
| Secular Equilibrium | p. 174 |
| Natural Radioactive Series | p. 174 |
| Radiation Units | p. 176 |
| Radioactive Dating | p. 177 |
| Properties of Unstable States-Level Width | p. 179 |
| Transition Probability-Golden Rule | p. 181 |
| Exercises | p. 183 |
| Alpha-Decay | p. 185 |
| Introduction | p. 185 |
| Theory of [alpha]-Decay | p. 185 |
| Angular Momentum and Parity in [alpha]-Decay | p. 191 |
| Exercises | p. 194 |
| Beta-Decay | p. 195 |
| Introduction | p. 195 |
| Energy Released in [Beta]-Decay | p. 196 |
| Fermi Theory | p. 197 |
| The Decay Constant-The Log ft Value | p. 202 |
| Gamow-Teller Transitions | p. 204 |
| Selection Rules | p. 206 |
| Parity Nonconservation in [Beta]-Decay | p. 206 |
| Double [Beta]-Decay | p. 211 |
| Electron Capture | p. 213 |
| Exercises | p. 215 |
| Gamma-Decay | p. 218 |
| Introduction | p. 218 |
| Quantization of Electromagnetic Fields | p. 218 |
| Fields and gauge invariance | p. 218 |
| Normal modes | p. 220 |
| Photons | p. 221 |
| Interaction of Radiation with Matter | p. 224 |
| Radiation probability | p. 227 |
| Long wavelength approximation | p. 228 |
| Quantum and Classical Transition Rates | p. 235 |
| Selection Rules | p. 240 |
| Estimate of the Disintegration Constants | p. 241 |
| Isomeric States | p. 243 |
| Internal Conversion | p. 244 |
| Resonant Absorption-The Mossbauer Effect | p. 249 |
| Exercises | p. 255 |
| Nuclear Reactions-I | p. 258 |
| Introduction | p. 258 |
| Conservation Laws | p. 260 |
| Kinematics of Nuclear Reactions | p. 261 |
| Scattering and Reaction Cross Sections | p. 265 |
| Resonances | p. 270 |
| Compound Nucleus | p. 273 |
| Mean Free Path of a Nucleon in Nuclei | p. 276 |
| Empirical Optical Potential | p. 277 |
| Compound Nucleus Formation | p. 282 |
| Compound Nucleus Decay | p. 290 |
| Exercises | p. 294 |
| Nuclear Reactions-II | p. 298 |
| Direct Reactions | p. 298 |
| Theory of direct reactions | p. 301 |
| Validation of the Shell Model | p. 303 |
| Photonuclear Reactions | p. 306 |
| Cross sections | p. 307 |
| Sum rules | p. 308 |
| Giant resonances | p. 312 |
| Coulomb Excitation | p. 315 |
| Fission | p. 319 |
| Mass Distribution of Fission Fragments | p. 321 |
| Neutrons Emitted in Fission | p. 324 |
| Cross Sections for Fission | p. 325 |
| Energy Distribution in Fission | p. 327 |
| Isomeric Fission | p. 328 |
| Exercises | p. 331 |
| Nuclear Astrophysics | p. 334 |
| Introduction | p. 334 |
| Astronomical Observations | p. 335 |
| The Milky Way | p. 335 |
| Dark matter | p. 336 |
| Luminosity and Hubble's law | p. 337 |
| The Big Bang | p. 338 |
| Stellar Evolution | p. 341 |
| Stars burn slowly | p. 341 |
| Gamow peak and astrophysical S-factor | p. 342 |
| The Sun | p. 347 |
| Deuterium formation | p. 348 |
| Deuterium burning | p. 350 |
| [superscript 3]He burning | p. 351 |
| Reactions involving [superscript 7]Be | p. 352 |
| The CNO Cycle | p. 354 |
| Hot CNO and rp process | p. 355 |
| Helium Burning | p. 357 |
| Red Giants | p. 360 |
| Advanced Burning Stages | p. 362 |
| Carbon burning | p. 362 |
| Neon burning | p. 364 |
| Oxygen burning | p. 365 |
| Silicon burning | p. 365 |
| Synthesis of Heaviest Elements | p. 367 |
| White Dwarfs and Neutron Stars | p. 368 |
| Supernova Explosions | p. 370 |
| Nuclear Reaction Models | p. 375 |
| Microscopic models | p. 375 |
| Potential and DWBA models | p. 376 |
| Parameter fit | p. 377 |
| Statistical models | p. 377 |
| Exercises | p. 379 |
| Rare Nuclear Isotopes | p. 385 |
| Introduction | p. 385 |
| Light Exotic Nuclei | p. 388 |
| Halo nuclei | p. 390 |
| Bonomean nuclei | p. 393 |
| Superheavy Elements | p. 395 |
| Exercises | p. 400 |
| Angular Momentum | p. 401 |
| Orbital Momentum | p. 401 |
| Spherical Functions | p. 402 |
| Generation of Rotations | p. 402 |
| Orbital Rotations | p. 403 |
| Spin | p. 404 |
| Ladder Operators | p. 406 |
| Angular Momentum Multiplets | p. 409 |
| Multiplets as Irreducible Representations | p. 412 |
| SU(2) Group and Spin [fraction12] | p. 413 |
| Properties of Spherical Harmonics | p. 414 |
| Explicit derivation | p. 414 |
| Legendre polynomials | p. 415 |
| Completeness | p. 416 |
| Spherical functions as matrix elements of finite rotations | p. 417 |
| Addition theorem | p. 417 |
| Angular Momentum Coupling | p. 419 |
| Tensor Operators | p. 419 |
| Transformation of operators | p. 419 |
| Scalars and vectors | p. 420 |
| Tensors of rank 2 | p. 421 |
| Introduction to selection rules | p. 422 |
| Angular Momentum Coupling | p. 423 |
| Two subsystems | p. 423 |
| Decomposition of reducible representations | p. 424 |
| Tensor operators and section rules revisited | p. 426 |
| Vector coupling of angular momenta | p. 427 |
| Wigner-Eckart theorem | p. 428 |
| Vector Model | p. 429 |
| Symmetries | p. 432 |
| Time Reversal | p. 432 |
| Spin Transformation and Kramer's Theorem | p. 433 |
| Time-conjugate Orbits | p. 435 |
| Two-component Neutrino and Fundamental Symmetries | p. 436 |
| Charge Conjugation | p. 437 |
| Electric Dipole Moment | p. 438 |
| CPT-Invariance | p. 439 |
| Relativistic Quantum Mechanics | p. 440 |
| Lagrangians | p. 440 |
| Covariance | p. 441 |
| Electromagnetic Field | p. 442 |
| Relativistic Equations | p. 444 |
| Particle at rest | p. 446 |
| Covariant form: [gamma] matrices | p. 446 |
| Probability and Current | p. 448 |
| Wavefunction Transformation | p. 448 |
| Bilinear Covariants | p. 450 |
| Parity | p. 451 |
| Plane Waves | p. 451 |
| Summary of plane wave spinor properties | p. 453 |
| Projection operators | p. 454 |
| Plane Wave Expansion | p. 454 |
| Electromagnetic Interaction | p. 455 |
| Pauli Equation | p. 455 |
| Spin-orbit and Darwin terms | p. 457 |
| Useful Constants and Conversion Factors | p. 459 |
| Constants | p. 459 |
| Masses | p. 460 |
| Conversion Factors | p. 460 |
| References | p. 461 |
| Index | p. 469 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
ISBN: 9780691125053
ISBN-10: 0691125058
Series: In a Nutshell
Published: 23rd April 2007
Format: Hardcover
Language: English
Number of Pages: 488
Audience: College, Tertiary and University
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Country of Publication: US
Dimensions (cm): 25.4 x 17.7 x 254
Weight (kg): 0.94
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