Nonlinear Photonics

Nonlinearities in Optics, Optoelectronics and Fiber Communications

By: Y. Guo, C.K. Kao, H.E. Li

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Hardcover | 2 May 2002

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436 Pages

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Nonlinearities and optics, optoelectronics and fiber communications are discussed systematically in this book. In a unified theoretical treatment, the book addresses the three categories of materials: fibers, semiconductors, and nonlinear crystals. In each case emphasis is placed on the nonlinear character of their refractive indices and optical absorption. The text also gives an in-depth analysis of the uses and limitations of phontonic nonlinearities with regard to wavelength division multiplexing and high-speed fiber communications. It will be of interest to graduate students as well as researchers and engineers in the fields of nonlinear optics and optical communications.

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"This book deals with the classical nonlinear optics. ... the authors describe the field in a very efficient manner: The theory is easily understandable, the methodology is excellent, and many tables and figures help to make the book a useful reference book. It will be of interest to graduate students as well as researchers and engineers in the field of nonlinear optics and optical communication." (Bernd Junge, Optik, Vol. 117, 2006)

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Non-Fiction Engineering & Technology Other Technologies & Applied Sciences Applied Optics Laser Technology & Holography Science Physics Optical Physics Energy Technology & Engineering Electrical Engineering Medicine Medicine in General

Electronics & Communications Engineering Electronics Engineering Microwave Technology Technology in General Engineering in General

Preface	p. V
Acknowledgements	p. VII
Optical Communication	p. 1
A Brief History of the Development of Optical Fiber Technology	p. 1
The Roles of Optoelectronics	p. 7
The Information Age	p. 9
References	p. 11
Medium Equations and Electrical Susceptibilities in Nonlinear Photonics	p. 13
Medium Equations in Nonlinear Photonics	p. 14
Electromagnetic Field Equations with Nonlinear Source	p. 14
Medium Equation in the Time-Space Domain	p. 15
Medium Equation in the Frequency Domain	p. 16
The Classical Approach of Electrical Susceptibility	p. 18
Classical Linear Oscillators and Linear Susceptibility	p. 18
Classical Anharmonic Oscillators	p. 21
The Semiclassical Approach of Electrical Susceptibility and the Equations of Motion of the Density Operator	p. 24
¿⁽ⁿ⁾ and Microscopic Quantum Processes	p. 24
The Equations of Motion of the Density Matrix	p. 26
The Elements of the Density Matrix and of the Susceptibility Tensor	p. 28
Polarization in An Independent Molecular System	p. 28
Orders of the Density Matrix Elements	p. 29
Orders of Susceptibility Tensor Elements	p. 32
The General Properties of Nonlinear Susceptibility and of the Feynman Representations	p. 36
Symmetry of Nonlinear Susceptibility	p. 36
Intermolecular Interactions	p. 40
Feynman Diagram Representations	p. 42
Nonlinear Susceptibility in Optical Fibers and Semiconductors, and the Kramers-Kronig Relations	p. 44
Nonlinear Susceptibility in Silica Fibers	p. 44
The Kramers-Kronig Relations	p. 47
Nonlinear Susceptibility and Light Induced Nonlinear Refractive Index in Semiconductors	p. 50
References	p. 51
Wave Equations in Nonlinear Photonics	p. 53
Electromagnetic Wave Propagation Equations in Nonlinear Photonics	p. 53
Wave Equations in the Time-Space Domain	p. 54
Wave Equations in the Frequency Domain	p. 55
Slowly Varying Amplitude and Nearly Planar Wave Approximations	p. 57
Coupled-Wave Equations in Multiwave Interactions	p. 58
Coupled-Wave Equations in Three-Wave Interactions	p. 58
Coupled-Wave Equations in Four-Wave Interactions	p. 61
Nonlinear Wave-Equations in Optical Fibers	p. 63
Basic Nonlinear Equations in Fibers	p. 63
Lengths in Fibers, Nonlinear Fiber Coefficient and Nonlinear Photon Coefficient	p. 66
Nonlinear Wave Equations in Semiconductors	p. 71
References	p. 73
Energy and Phase Relations in Nonlinear Photonics	p. 75
Parametric and Nonparametric Processes in Nonlinear Photonics	p. 76
Energy Conservation and Manley-Rowe Relations	p. 78
Momentum Conservation and Perfect Phase-Matching	p. 80
Momentum Conservation and the Necessity of Phase-Matching	p. 80
Perfect Phase-Matching Techniques in Nonlinear Crystals	p. 83
The Concept and Use of Quasi-Phase Matching	p. 91
The Potential Applications of QPM	p. 92
The Periodic and Nonperiodic QPM	p. 93
QPM-SHG in Waveguides	p. 96
References	p. 98
Some Standard Topics in Nonlinear Optics	p. 101
Optical Second Harmonic Generation	p. 102
Three-Wave Mixing Optical Parametric Processes	p. 105
Optical Parametric Amplifiers	p. 105
The Optical Parametric Oscillators	p. 107
Optical Four-Wave Mixing and Optical Phase Conjugation	p. 110
Conditions Required in Parametric FWM	p. 110
Optical Phase Conjugation	p. 112
Nonlinear Light Scattering	p. 118
Stimulated Brillouin Scattering	p. 118
Stimulated Raman Scattering	p. 121
References	p. 128
Semiconductor and Quantum Well Nonlinear Photonics	p. 131
Photon-Induced Nonlinearities and Some Fast Photonic Processes in Semiconductors	p. 132
The General Cases of Photon-Induced Absorption and Refractive Index Changes	p. 132
The Virtual-Transient State Nonlinearities in Semiconductors	p. 135
Franz-Keldysh Effects in Bulk Semiconductors	p. 138
The Absorption Change and Refractive Index Change	p. 138
The Analysis on Franz-Keldysh Effect by the Effective-Mass Theory in the Direct-Gap III-V Semiconductors	p. 139
Particle State-Density Distributions in Quantum Wells	p. 141
The Quantum-Size Effect in a Two-Dimensional Quantum Well	p. 142
The Particle State-Density Distributions in Two-, One-and Zero-Dimensional Wells of Infinite Depth	p. 148
Unique Features of QW Lasers	p. 153
The Effective Band Gap Shifts to a Shorter Wavelength	p. 154
The Optical Gain-Spectrum and the Optical Gain-Peak	p. 154
Lower Threshold Current, Larger Quantum Efficiency, Higher Speed, Narrower Spectrum Linewidth, and Greater Output Power	p. 155
High Stability of Threshold Current with Changing Temperature	p. 156
Kramers-Kronig Relations in Quantum Well Materials	p. 156
Photonic Nonlinearities in Quantum Wells	p. 157
Nonlinear Absorption in the 2D Quantum Well	p. 158
Kramers-Kronig Relations for 2D Quantum Wells	p. 159
Quantum-Confined Stark Effects in Quantum Well Structures	p. 160
QCSE with Extra Field	p. 160
Well-Bottom Inclined by the Extra Field and Electric Absorption	p. 161
Exciton Linewidth Broadening and Lifetime Shortening Caused by the Extra Field	p. 161
QCSE Compared with Franz-Keldysh Effects	p. 163
Semiconductor Optical Modulators of QCSE	p. 164
References	p. 166
Fiber Nonlinear Photonics	p. 169
Group Velocity Dispersion and Pulse Broadening	p. 171
GVD-Caused Optical Pulse Broadening	p. 171
Dispersion Compensation and Dispersion-Slop Compensation	p. 181
PMD Impairment and PMD Mitigation	p. 186
Intensity-Induced Refractive Index and Phase Modulation	p. 187
Intensity-Induced Refractive Index in Optical Fibers	p. 187
SPM-Induced and XPM-Induced Spectrum Broadening	p. 188
Periodically-Adjusted and Macro-Managed Transmission Systems	p. 192
The Performances of a Perfect Fiber Soliton	p. 193
The Compensation of Energy Losses in the Actual Soliton Transmission	p. 196
The Jitter-Controlled Solition and the Gordon-Haus Limit	p. 199
The Dispersion-Managed Soliton and the Enhanced System Stiffness	p. 201
Nonlinear Optical Fiber Loop and Light-Leading-Light	p. 203
The Phase Features in the Nonlinear Fiber Loop	p. 203
Light-Leading-Light in High-Speed OFC	p. 206
References	p. 208
Photonic Nonlinearities in Fiber Communications	p. 211
Nonlinear Photonics in Fiber Transmission and Optical Networks, Accumulation of Undesirable Effects in Transparent Networks	p. 211
Photonic Nonlinearities in Long-Distance Fiber Transmission	p. 215
Noise Spectrum Broadening, Eye-Pattern Deterioration, Power Penalty Caused by the FWM, SBS, SRS	p. 216
Dispersion Compensation in the Conventional Single Mode Fiber by the FWM-OPC	p. 218
High-Speed and OTDM/Soliton Communication Using Nonlinear Effects	p. 222
Pulse Width Broadening and BER Penalty Caused by the SPM and FWM	p. 222
Fiber Soliton and All Optical Demultiplexing in the OTDM Using the SPM, XPM and FWM	p. 222
Nonlinear Effects on the WDM/DWDM OFC	p. 225
Stimulated Light Scattering in WDM/DWDM OFC, Crosstalk by SBS Near 11GHz Channel-Spacing	p. 226
Four-Wave Mixing in WDM/DWDM OFC	p. 231
Reducing the Nonlinearities of FWM/XPM Crosstalk, SPM-GVD Broadening and Stimulated Scattering	p. 234
Extremely Broadband Raman Amplifiers	p. 237
References	p. 240
Nonlinear Optical Waveguides	p. 243
Second-Harmonic Generation	p. 244
Principles	p. 244
Materials	p. 245
Phase-Matching Techniques	p. 246
Nonlinear Optical Switching in Directional Couplers	p. 249
Switching of Continuous Waves	p. 249
Switching of Short Pulses	p. 252
Materials and Experiments	p. 253
Nonlinear Guided Waves	p. 255
The Nonlinear Scalar Wave Equation	p. 256
Examples of Nonlinear Guided Modes	p. 257
Stability of Nonlinear Guided Modes	p. 261
Spatial Solitons	p. 263
Concluding Remarks	p. 266
References	p. 267
Interdiffused Quantum Wells-Optical Properties and Device Applications, Part I	p. 271
Introduction	p. 271
Techniques and Mechanism in QW Interdiffusion	p. 278
Impurity Induced Disordering by Ion Implantation	p. 281
Impurity Diffusion-Induced Disordering	p. 284
Impurity-Free Induced Disordering by Diffusion	p. 288
Interdiffusion Mechanism	p. 289
Band Structure of Interdiffused QWs	p. 293
Confined Eigenstates of EQW	p. 294
Valence Subband-Mixing	p. 295
Strain Effect of the InGaAs/GaAs QW	p. 298
Intersubband Optical Transition in DFQW	p. 301
Introduction	p. 301
Linear and Third-Order Intersubband Absorption Coefficients	p. 308
Linear and Nonlinear Intersubband Electro-absorptions in DFQW	p. 321
Enhancement of the Nonlinear Third-Order Susceptibility	p. 340
References	p. 345
Interdiffused Quantum Wells-Optical Properties and Device Applications, Part II	p. 355
Interband Optical Properties of DFQW	p. 355
Interband Transitions	p. 355
Electro-Optic Effect	p. 364
Device Applications	p. 372
Delineated Waveguides	p. 372
Modulators	p. 378
11.3	p. 388
References	p. 391
Appendices	p. 395
Problems	p. 399
About the Authors	p. 407
Index	p. 411
Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved.

Nonlinear Photonics

Nonlinearities in Optics, Optoelectronics and Fiber Communications

At a Glance

Hardcover

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