| Preface | p. ix |
| The Sounding Rocket Era | p. 1 |
| Early Work with the V2 | p. 1 |
| Solar X-Rays and the Earth's lonosphere | p. 4 |
| Non-Solar X-Ray Sources | p. 9 |
| The Start of the Space Race | p. 17 |
| Sputnik 1 | p. 17 |
| The American Programme Pre-Sputnik | p. 18 |
| The Soviet Programme | p. 21 |
| Early Scientific Results | p. 23 |
| The Formation of NASA | p. 29 |
| Initial Exploration of the Solar System | p. 31 |
| Early Lunar Missions | p. 31 |
| The First Missions to Mars and Venus | p. 37 |
| Lunar Exploration | p. 46 |
| The American Ranger Programme | p. 46 |
| Korolev and the Russian Programme | p. 52 |
| Surveyor, Orbiter and Apollo | p. 55 |
| The Soviet Response | p. 65 |
| Mars and Venus: Early Results | p. 67 |
| Mariner 4 to Mars | p. 67 |
| Russian Disasters | p. 72 |
| Venera 4 | p. 74 |
| Mariner 5 to Venus | p. 75 |
| Veneras 5 and 6 | p. 76 |
| American Funding Problems | p. 77 |
| Mariners 6 and 7 | p. 80 |
| Summary | p. 82 |
| Mars and Venus: The Middle Period | p. 84 |
| American Plans for the Early 1970s | p. 84 |
| Veneras 7 and 8 | p. 86 |
| Mariner 10 | p. 90 |
| Mariner 9, Mars 2 and 3, and the Great Martian Dust Storm of 1971 | p. 92 |
| Mars 4 to 7 | p. 99 |
| Viking | p. 100 |
| Veneras 9 and 10 | p. 110 |
| Pioneer-Venus | p. 113 |
| Veneras 11 and 12 | p. 116 |
| Venus, Mars and Cometary Spacecraft Post-1980 | p. 120 |
| International Collaboration | p. 120 |
| Veneras 13 to 16 | p. 121 |
| Planning The Halley Encounters | p. 125 |
| Vegas 1 and 2 at Venus | p. 132 |
| The Halley Intercepts | p. 133 |
| Magellan | p. 141 |
| The Phobos Spacecraft | p. 150 |
| Mars Observer | p. 152 |
| Early Missions to the Outer Planets | p. 155 |
| Programmatics and Finance | p. 155 |
| Pioneers 10 and 11 | p. 159 |
| The Voyager Missions to the Outer Planets | p. 168 |
| The Voyager Spacecraft | p. 168 |
| Voyager 1 at Jupiter | p. 170 |
| Voyager 2 at Jupiter | p. 178 |
| Voyager 1 at Saturn | p. 182 |
| Voyager 2 at Saturn | p. 191 |
| Voyager 2 at Uranus | p. 196 |
| Voyager 2 at Neptune | p. 209 |
| The Sun | p. 226 |
| Early Work | p. 226 |
| The Solar Wind | p. 232 |
| Flares | p. 239 |
| The Corona | p. 246 |
| Skylab | p. 247 |
| Summary | p. 254 |
| Solar Max | p. 255 |
| The Solar Constant | p. 261 |
| Yohkoh | p. 270 |
| Ulysses | p. 272 |
| Soho | p. 280 |
| Summary | p. 287 |
| Early Spacecraft Observations of Non-Solar System Sources | p. 289 |
| Introduction | p. 289 |
| Explorer 11 and Gamma Rays | p. 291 |
| Orbiting Astronomical Observatories and Ultraviolet Observations | p. 291 |
| X-rays | p. 293 |
| Pulsars | p. 296 |
| Uhuru | p. 298 |
| A Period of Rapid Growth | p. 307 |
| Copernicus | p. 307 |
| The European Dimension | p. 312 |
| TD-1 | p. 314 |
| Dwarf Novae | p. 317 |
| ANS | p. 318 |
| Ariel 5 | p. 320 |
| AM Herculis--The First Polar | p. 324 |
| Gamma-rays | p. 325 |
| Summary | p. 328 |
| The High Energy Astronomy Observatory Programme | p. 330 |
| Programmatics | p. 330 |
| HEAO-1 | p. 332 |
| HEAO-2 or the Einstein Observatory | p. 336 |
| SS 433 | p. 344 |
| HEAO-3 | p. 352 |
| Summary | p. 353 |
| IUE, IRAS and Exosat--Spacecraft for the Early 1980s | p. 355 |
| The International Ultraviolet Explorer | p. 355 |
| The Infrared Astronomical Satellite | p. 362 |
| Exosat | p. 369 |
| Summary | p. 377 |
| Hiatus | p. 379 |
| COBE | p. 379 |
| Supernova 1987A | p. 386 |
| Business as Usual | p. 392 |
| Rosat | p. 392 |
| The Compton Gamma Ray Observatory | p. 400 |
| Geminga | p. 405 |
| Gamma Ray Bursts | p. 406 |
| The Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer | p. 411 |
| The Infrared Space Observatory | p. 414 |
| The Hubble Space Telescope | p. 420 |
| Pre-Launch History | p. 420 |
| The Spacecraft and its Instruments | p. 432 |
| Launch and Post-Launch Checkout | p. 437 |
| Scientific Results--The First Three Years | p. 440 |
| Hardware Problems and the First Servicing Mission | p. 447 |
| The Second Three Years | p. 450 |
| Concluding Remarks | p. 465 |
| Appendix | p. 466 |
| Glossary | p. 470 |
| Bibliography | p. 476 |
| Units | p. 482 |
| Abbreviations | p. 483 |
| Name Index | p. 486 |
| Spacecraft Index | p. 492 |
| Subject Index | p. 496 |
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