| Foreword | p. xv |
| Preface | p. xxi |
| Experimental Insect Flight Systems: Historical Contributions | p. 1 |
| The Contributions of Genetics to the Study of Insect Flight Muscle Function | p. 2 |
| Abstract | p. 2 |
| Introduction | p. 2 |
| Isolation of Mutations Affecting Flight Muscle Function | p. 3 |
| Isolation of Myofibrillar Protein Genes | p. 4 |
| Use of Genetics to Study Myofibril Assembly | p. 7 |
| Transgenic Approaches to Muscle Assembly and Function | p. 8 |
| Use of Genetic Interactions to Understand Muscle Function | p. 9 |
| Concluding Remarks | p. 10 |
| 3D Structure of Myosin Crossbridges in Insect Flight Muscle: Toward Visualization of the Conformations during Myosin Motor Action | p. 16 |
| Abstract | p. 16 |
| Introduction | p. 16 |
| The Rigor State | p. 21 |
| Active Contraction | p. 23 |
| Isometric, Calcium Activated Contraction | p. 23 |
| Stretch Activation | p. 27 |
| The ATP-Relaxed State | p. 29 |
| Concluding Remarks | p. 29 |
| Comparative Physiology of Insect Flight Muscle | p. 34 |
| Abstract | p. 34 |
| Introduction | p. 34 |
| Direct and Indirect Flight Muscles | p. 35 |
| Power and Control Muscles | p. 36 |
| Bifunctional Muscles | p. 36 |
| Synchronous and Asynchronous Muscles (or Fibrillar and Nonfibrillar Muscles) | p. 37 |
| Why Asynchronous Muscles? | p. 39 |
| Coda | p. 41 |
| Stretch Activation: Toward a Molecular Mechanism | p. 44 |
| Abstract | p. 44 |
| Introduction | p. 45 |
| Insect Flight Systems | p. 45 |
| Stretch/Stress Activation | p. 46 |
| Models That Explain the Effect of Stress on Tension | p. 47 |
| Bringing It All Together | p. 55 |
| Concluding Remarks | p. 56 |
| Components of the Myofibril | p. 61 |
| Myosin | p. 62 |
| Abstract | p. 62 |
| Myosin Structure and Function | p. 62 |
| Myosin Isoform Expression | p. 65 |
| Myosin Mutational Analysis | p. 66 |
| Myosin Heavy Chain Mutants | p. 67 |
| Transgenic Myosin Heavy Chain Chimerics | p. 69 |
| Myosin Light Chain Mutants | p. 70 |
| Conclusion | p. 71 |
| Paramyosin and Miniparamyosin | p. 76 |
| Abstract | p. 76 |
| Introduction: Paramyosin and Miniparamyosin, Components of Invertebrate Thick Filaments | p. 76 |
| Regulation and Control | p. 79 |
| Evolutionary Aspects | p. 83 |
| Concluding Remarks | p. 83 |
| Novel Myosin Associated Proteins | p. 86 |
| Abstract | p. 86 |
| Introduction | p. 86 |
| Flightin | p. 87 |
| Zeelins | p. 93 |
| Stretchin-MLCK | p. 94 |
| Concluding Remarks | p. 95 |
| Note Added in Proof | p. 95 |
| Structure of the Insect Thick Filaments | p. 97 |
| Abstract | p. 97 |
| Introduction | p. 97 |
| Substructures in Transverse Sections of Myosin Filaments | p. 99 |
| Assembly Properties of Myosin and Light Meromyosin Fragments | p. 102 |
| Filament Models | p. 103 |
| Concluding Remarks | p. 108 |
| Actin and Arthrin | p. 110 |
| Dedication | p. 110 |
| Abstract | p. 110 |
| Introduction | p. 110 |
| G-Actin Properties | p. 111 |
| F-Actin Properties | p. 111 |
| Actin Isoforms | p. 113 |
| IFM-Specific Actin | p. 119 |
| Post-Translational Modifications of Insect Flight Muscle Specific Actins | p. 120 |
| Actomyosin Interactions | p. 122 |
| Actin Molecular Genetics | p. 123 |
| Troponin, Tropomyosin and GST-2 | p. 126 |
| Abstract | p. 126 |
| Troponin Complex Components | p. 126 |
| Tropomyosin | p. 131 |
| Regulation of Thin Filament Encoding Genes | p. 132 |
| GST-2 | p. 132 |
| Proteome Data for Drosophila Thin Filament Proteins | p. 133 |
| Searching for Protein-to-Protein Interactions in Vivo | p. 134 |
| Stretch Activation | p. 134 |
| Features of Clinical Interest | p. 136 |
| Open Questions and Future Prospects | p. 136 |
| The Thin Filament in Insect Flight Muscle | p. 141 |
| Abstract | p. 141 |
| Introduction | p. 141 |
| Muscle Lattice Parameters | p. 142 |
| Thin Filament Proteins | p. 142 |
| High Resolution Structural Studies | p. 146 |
| Concluding Remarks | p. 147 |
| The Insect Z-Band | p. 150 |
| Abstract | p. 150 |
| Z-Band Anatomy | p. 150 |
| Z-Band Proteins | p. 155 |
| Concluding Remarks | p. 162 |
| Note Added in Proof | p. 162 |
| Projectin, the Elastic Protein of the C-Filaments | p. 167 |
| The Original Experiments Linking Projectin to the IFMs C-Filaments and Their Proposed Role in Muscle Elasticity | p. 167 |
| The Different Projectin-Related Proteins Found in Various Species: Arthropods and Nematodes | p. 167 |
| Complete Domain Structure of Drosophila Projectin | p. 168 |
| Projectin Isoforms and Alternative Splicing | p. 169 |
| Possible Functions of the Different Projectin Domains Based on Analogies with Other Family Members | p. 171 |
| Kinase Activity and Phosphorylation | p. 172 |
| Projectin Mutant Alleles and Their Phenotypes | p. 172 |
| Future Prospects | p. 173 |
| Some Functions of Proteins from the Drosophila sallimus (sls) Gene | p. 177 |
| Abstract | p. 177 |
| Introduction | p. 177 |
| sls, the Gene | p. 178 |
| Sls, the Protein | p. 179 |
| Sls in the Drosophila Embryo | p. 181 |
| Sls and Myoblast Fusion | p. 182 |
| Kettin as a Spring | p. 183 |
| Concluding Remarks | p. 184 |
| Towards a Systems Level Analysis of Muscle | p. 187 |
| From the Outside In | |
| Sustained High Power Performance: Possible Strategies for Integrating Energy Supply and Demand in Flight Muscle | p. 188 |
| Abstract | p. 188 |
| Introduction | p. 188 |
| Meeting the Energetic Demands of Flight | p. 189 |
| The Role of Glycolytic Enzymes | p. 190 |
| The Role of the Phosphagen System in Insect Flight Muscle | p. 191 |
| Nucleotide Transport-The Challenge for Asynchronous Muscles | p. 191 |
| Concluding Remarks | p. 194 |
| X-Ray Diffraction of Indirect Flight Muscle from Drosophila in Vivo | p. 197 |
| Abstract | p. 197 |
| Introduction | p. 197 |
| Methods for Obtaining X-Ray Diffraction Patterns from Drosophila | p. 198 |
| Diffraction Patterns from Drosophila IFM | p. 203 |
| Concluding Remarks | p. 211 |
| Note Added in Proof | p. 211 |
| Functional and Ecological Effects of Isoform Variation in Insect Flight Muscle | p. 214 |
| Abstract | p. 214 |
| Introduction | p. 215 |
| Nature's Versatile Engine | p. 215 |
| The Underlying Genetics: An Underinflated Genome and a Hyperinflated Transcriptome and Proteome | p. 216 |
| Functional Effects of Isoform Variation | p. 219 |
| Alternative Splicing and the Generation of Combinatorial Complexity | p. 220 |
| Functional Consequences of Naturally Occurring Isoform Variation | p. 220 |
| Muscle Systems Design and Integration | p. 230 |
| Abstract | p. 230 |
| Power Requirements for Flight | p. 230 |
| Power Reduction | p. 233 |
| Power Constraints on Steering Capacity | p. 234 |
| Balancing Power and Control | p. 236 |
| Changes in Muscle Efficiency in Vivo | p. 238 |
| Concluding Remarks | p. 239 |
| From the Inside Out | |
| Molecular Assays for Acto-Myosin Interactions | p. 242 |
| Abstract | p. 242 |
| Introduction | p. 242 |
| Myosin Purification and Preparation of the S1 Fragment | p. 243 |
| Purification of Flight Muscle Actin | p. 244 |
| Assays of Myosin and Acto-Myosin | p. 244 |
| Major Conclusions Relating to the Enzymatic Properties of Insect Flight Muscle Acto-Myosin | p. 247 |
| Major Questions about Insect Flight Muscle Acto-Myosin Kinetics That Remain | p. 249 |
| Insect Flight Muscle Chemomechanics | p. 251 |
| Abstract | p. 251 |
| Methods of Measuring Mechanical Properties of Insect Muscle | p. 251 |
| Fundamentals of Cross-Bridge Kinetics | p. 256 |
| Chemomechanics of Lethocerus Flight Muscle | p. 258 |
| Chemomechanics of Drosophila Muscle Myosin | p. 259 |
| The Role of the Myosin Heavy Chain Alternative Exons in Setting Fiber Kinetics | p. 261 |
| Myosin Cross-Bridge Rate Constants | p. 262 |
| Roles of Other Sarcomeric Proteins That Influence Chemomechanics | p. 263 |
| Concluding Remarks | p. 265 |
| Mapping Myofibrillar Protein Interactions by Mutational Proteomics | p. 270 |
| Abstract | p. 270 |
| Introduction | p. 270 |
| A Glossary of Protein Interactions | p. 271 |
| Large Scale Approaches to Protein-Protein Interactions: An Overview | p. 273 |
| Mutational Proteomics in Drosophila: A Primer | p. 274 |
| Flightin-Myosin Interaction: A Case Study of Mutational Proteomics | p. 279 |
| Concluding Remarks | p. 280 |
| Index | p. 285 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
