Preface xvii
1 Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence for Detecting Cyber Security Threats in IoT Environmment 1
Ravindra Bhardwaj, Sreenivasulu Gogula, Bidisha Bhabani, K. Kanagalakshmi, Aparajita Mukherjee and D. Vetrithangam
1.1 Introduction 2
1.2 Need of Vulnerability Identification 4
1.3 Vulnerabilities in IoT Web Applications 5
1.4 Intrusion Detection System 7
1.5 Machine Learning in Intrusion Detection System 10
1.6 Conclusion 12
References 12
2 Frequent Pattern Mining Using Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning 15
R. Deepika, Sreenivasulu Gogula, K. Kanagalakshmi, Anshu Mehta, S. J. Vivekanandan and D. Vetrithangam
2.1 Introduction 16
2.2 Data Mining Functions 17
2.3 Related Work 19
2.4 Machine Learning for Frequent Pattern Mining 24
2.5 Conclusion 26
References 26
3 Classification and Detection of Prostate Cancer Using Machine Learning Techniques 29
D. Vetrithangam, Pramod Kumar, Shaik Munawar, Rituparna Biswas, Deependra Pandey and Amar Choudhary
3.1 Introduction 30
3.2 Literature Survey 32
3.3 Machine Learning for Prostate Cancer Classification and Detection 35
3.4 Conclusion 37
References 38
4 NLP-Based Spellchecker and Grammar Checker for Indic Languages 43
Brijesh Kumar Y. Panchal and Apurva Shah
4.1 Introduction 44
4.2 NLP-Based Techniques of Spellcheckers and Grammar Checkers 44
4.2.1 Syntax-Based 44
4.2.2 Statistics-Based 45
4.2.3 Rule-Based 45
4.2.4 Deep Learning-Based 45
4.2.5 Machine Learning-Based 46
4.2.6 Reinforcement Learning-Based 46
4.3 Grammar Checker Related Work 47
4.4 Spellchecker Related Work 58
4.5 Conclusion 66
References 67
5 Identification of Gujarati Ghazal Chanda with Cross-Platform Application 71
Brijeshkumar Y. Panchal
Abbreviations 72
5.1 Introduction 72
5.1.1 The Gujarati Language 72
5.2 Ghazal 75
5.3 History and Grammar of Ghazal 77
5.4 Literature Review 78
5.5 Proposed System 85
5.6 Conclusion 92
References 92
6 Cancer Classification and Detection Using Machine Learning Techniques 95
Syed Jahangir Badashah, Afaque Alam, Malik Jawarneh, Tejashree Tejpal Moharekar, Venkatesan Hariram, Galiveeti Poornima and Ashish Jain
6.1 Introduction 96
6.2 Machine Learning Techniques 97
6.3 Review of Machine Learning for Cancer Detection 101
6.4 Methods 103
6.5 Result Analysis 106
6.6 Conclusion 107
References 108
7 Text Mining Techniques and Natural Language Processing 113
Tzu-Chia Chen
7.1 Introduction 113
7.2 Text Classification and Text Clustering 115
7.3 Related Work 116
7.4 Methodology 121
7.5 Conclusion 123
References 123
8 An Investigation of Techniques to Encounter Security Issues Related to Mobile Applications 127
Devabalan Pounraj, Pankaj Goel, Meenakshi, Domenic T. Sanchez, Parashuram Shankar Vadar, Rafael D. Sanchez and Malik Jawarneh
8.1 Introduction 128
8.2 Literature Review 130
8.3 Results and Discussions 137
8.4 Conclusion 138
References 139
9 Machine Learning for Sentiment Analysis Using Social Media Scrapped Data 143
Galiveeti Poornima, Meenakshi, Malik Jawarneh, A. Shobana, K.P. Yuvaraj, Urmila R. Pol and Tejashree Tejpal Moharekar
9.1 Introduction 144
9.2 Twitter Sentiment Analysis 146
9.3 Sentiment Analysis Using Machine Learning Techniques 149
9.4 Conclusion 152
References 152
10 Opinion Mining Using Classification Techniques on Electronic Media Data 155
Meenakshi
10.1 Introduction 156
10.2 Opinion Mining 158
10.3 Related Work 159
10.4 Opinion Mining Techniques 161
10.4.1 Na¯ve Bayes 162
10.4.2 Support Vector Machine 162
10.4.3 Decision Tree 163
10.4.4 Multiple Linear Regression 163
10.4.5 Multilayer Perceptron 164
10.4.6 Convolutional Neural Network 164
10.4.7 Long Short-Term Memory 165
10.5 Conclusion 166
References 166
11 Spam Content Filtering in Online Social Networks 169
Meenakshi
11.1 Introduction 169
11.1.1 E-Mail Spam 170
11.2 E-Mail Spam Identification Methods 171
11.2.1 Content-Based Spam Identification Method 171
11.2.2 Identity-Based Spam Identification Method 172
11.3 Online Social Network Spam 172
11.4 Related Work 173
11.5 Challenges in the Spam Message Identification 177
11.6 Spam Classification with SVM Filter 178
11.7 Conclusion 179
References 180
12 An Investigation of Various Techniques to Improve Cyber Security 183
Shoaib Mohammad, Ramendra Pratap Singh, Rajiv Kumar, Kshitij Kumar Rai, Arti Sharma and Saloni Rathore
12.1 Introduction 184
12.2 Various Attacks 185
12.3 Methods 189
12.4 Conclusion 190
References 191
13 Brain Tumor Classification and Detection Using Machine Learning by Analyzing MRI Images 193
Chandrima Sinha Roy, K. Parvathavarthini, M. Gomathi, Mrunal Pravinkumar Fatangare, D. Kishore and Anilkumar Suthar
13.1 Introduction 194
13.2 Literature Survey 197
13.3 Methods 200
13.4 Result Analysis 202
13.5 Conclusion 203
References 203
14 Optimized Machine Learning Techniques for Software Fault Prediction 207
Chetan Shelke, Ashwini Mandale (Jadhav), Shaik Anjimoon, Asha V., Ginni Nijhawan and Joshuva Arockia Dhanraj
14.1 Introduction 208
14.2 Literature Survey 211
14.3 Methods 214
14.4 Result Analysis 216
14.5 Conclusion 216
References 217
15 Pancreatic Cancer Detection Using Machine Learning and Image Processing 221
Shashidhar Sonnad, Rejwan Bin Sulaiman, Amer Kareem, S. Shalini, D. Kishore and Jayasankar Narayanan
15.1 Introduction 222
15.2 Literature Survey 225
15.3 Methodology 227
15.4 Result Analysis 228
15.5 Conclusion 228
References 229
16 An Investigation of Various Text Mining Techniques 233
Rajashree Gadhave, Anita Chaudhari, B. Ramesh, Vijilius Helena Raj, H. Pal Thethi and A. Ravitheja
16.1 Introduction 234
16.2 Related Work 236
16.3 Classification Techniques for Text Mining 240
16.3.1 Machine Learning Based Text Classification 240
16.3.2 Ontology-Based Text Classification 241
16.3.3 Hybrid Approaches 241
16.4 Conclusion 241
References 241
17 Automated Query Processing Using Natural Language Processing 245
Divyanshu Sinha, G. Ravivarman, B. Rajalakshmi, V. Alekhya, Rajeev Sobti and R. Udhayakumar
17.1 Introduction 246
17.1.1 Natural Language Processing 246
17.2 The Challenges of NLP 248
17.3 Related Work 249
17.4 Natural Language Interfaces Systems 253
17.5 Conclusion 255
References 256
18 Data Mining Techniques for Web Usage Mining 259
Navdeep Kumar Chopra, Chinnem Rama Mohan, Snehal Dipak Chaudhary, Manisha Kasar, Trupti Suryawanshi and Shikha Dubey
18.1 Introduction 260
18.1.1 Web Usage Mining 260
18.2 Web Mining 263
18.2.1 Web Content Mining 264
18.2.2 Web Structure Mining 264
18.2.3 Web Usage Mining 265
18.2.3.1 Preprocessing 265
18.2.3.2 Pattern Discovery 265
18.2.3.3 Pattern Analysis 266
18.3 Web Usage Data Mining Techniques 266
18.4 Conclusion 268
References 269
19 Natural Language Processing Using Soft Computing 271
M. Rajkumar, Viswanathasarma Ch, Anandhi R. J., D. Anandhasilambarasan, Om Prakash Yadav and Joshuva Arockia Dhanraj
19.1 Introduction 272
19.2 Related Work 273
19.3 NLP Soft Computing Approaches 276
19.4 Conclusion 279
References 279
20 Sentiment Analysis Using Natural Language Processing 283
Brijesh Goswami, Nidhi Bhavsar, Soleman Awad Alzobidy, B. Lavanya, R. Udhayakumar and Rajapandian K.
20.1 Introduction 284
20.2 Sentiment Analysis Levels 285
20.2.1 Document Level 285
20.2.2 Sentence Level 285
20.2.3 Aspect Level 286
20.3 Challenges in Sentiment Analysis 286
20.4 Related Work 288
20.5 Machine Learning Techniques for Sentiment Analysis 290
20.6 Conclusion 292
References 292
21 Web Data Mining: Exploring Hyperlinks, Contents, and Usage Data 295
C. V. Guru Rao, Nagendra Prasad Krishnam, Akula Rajitha, Anandhi R. J., Atul Singla and Joshuva Arockia Dhanraj
21.1 Introduction 296
21.2 Web Mining 298
21.3 Taxonomy of Web Data Mining 299
21.3.1 Web Usage Mining 300
21.3.2 Web Structure Mining 301
21.3.3 Web Content Mining 301
21.4 Web Content Mining Methods 302
21.4.1 Unstructured Text Data Mining 302
21.4.2 Structured Data Mining 303
21.4.3 Semi-Structured Data Mining 303
21.5 Efficient Algorithms for Web Data Extraction 304
21.6 Machine Learning Based Web Content Extraction Methods 305
21.7 Conclusion 307
References 307
22 Intelligent Pattern Discovery Using Web Data Mining 311
Vidyapati Jha, Chinnem Rama Mohan, T. Sampath Kumar, Anandhi R.J., Bhimasen Moharana and P. Pavankumar
22.1 Introduction 312
22.2 Pattern Discovery from Web Server Logs 313
22.2.1 Subsequently Accessed Interesting Page Categories 314
22.2.2 Subsequent Probable Page of Visit 314
22.2.3 Strongly and Weakly Linked Web Pages 314
22.2.4 User Groups 315
22.2.5 Fraudulent and Genuine Sessions 315
22.2.6 Web Traffic Behavior 315
22.2.7 Purchase Preference of Customers 315
22.3 Data Mining Techniques for Web Server Log Analysis 316
22.4 Graph Theory Techniques for Analysis of Web Server Logs 318
22.5 Conclusion 319
References 320
23 A Review of Security Features in Prominent Cloud Service Providers 323
Abhishek Mishra, Abhishek Sharma, Rajat Bhardwaj, Romil Rawat, T.M.Thiyagu and Hitesh Rawat
23.1 Introduction 324
23.2 Cloud Computing Overview 324
23.3 Cloud Computing Model 326
23.4 Challenges with Cloud Security and Potential Solutions 327
23.5 Comparative Analysis 332
23.6 Conclusion 332
References 332
24 Prioritization of Security Vulnerabilities under Cloud Infrastructure Using AHP 335
Abhishek Sharma and Umesh Kumar Singh
24.1 Introduction 336
24.2 Related Work 338
24.3 Proposed Method 341
24.4 Result and Discussion 346
24.5 Conclusion 352
References 352
25 Cloud Computing Security Through Detection & Mitigation of Zero-Day Attack Using Machine Learning Techniques 357
Abhishek Sharma and Umesh Kumar Singh
25.1 Introduction 358
25.2 Related Work 360
25.2.1 Analysis of Zero-Day Exploits and Traditional Methods 364
25.3 Proposed Methodology 367
25.4 Results and Discussion 376
25.4.1 Prevention & Mitigation of Zero Day Attacks (ZDAs) 381
25.5 Conclusion and Future Work 383
References 384
26 Predicting Rumors Spread Using Textual and Social Context in Propagation Graph with Graph Neural Network 389
Siddharath Kumar Arjaria, Hardik Sachan, Satyam Dubey, Ayush Pandey, Mansi Gautam, Nikita Gupta and Abhishek Singh Rathore
26.1 Introduction 390
26.2 Literature Review 391
26.3 Proposed Methodology 393
26.3.1 Tweep Tendency Encoding 394
26.3.2 Network Dynamics Extraction 395
26.3.3 Extracted Information Integration 396
26.4 Results and Discussion 398
26.5 Conclusion 399
References 400
27 Implications, Opportunities, and Challenges of Blockchain in Natural Language Processing 403
Neha Agrawal, Balwinder Kaur Dhaliwal, Shilpa Sharma, Neha Yadav and Ranjana Sikarwar
27.1 Introduction 404
27.2 Related Work 406
27.3 Overview on Blockchain Technology and NLP 409
27.3.1 Blockchain Technology, Features, and Applications 409
27.3.2 Natural Language Processing 410
27.3.3 Challenges in NLP 411
27.3.4 Data Integration and Accuracy in NLP 411
27.4 Integration of Blockchain into NLP 412
27.5 Applications of Blockchain in NLP 414
27.6 Blockchain Solutions for NLP 417
27.7 Implications of Blockchain Development Solutions in NLP 418
27.8 Sectors That can be Benified from Blockchain and NLP Integration 419
27.9 Challenges 420
27.10 Conclusion 422
References 422
28 Emotion Detection Using Natural Language Processing by Text Classification 425
Jyoti Jayal, Vijay Kumar, Paramita Sarkar and Sudipta Kumar Dutta
28.1 Introduction 426
28.2 Natural Language Processing 427
28.3 Emotion Recognition 429
28.4 Related Work 430
28.4.1 Emotion Detection Using Machine Learning 430
28.4.2 Emotion Detection Using Deep Learning 432
28.4.3 Emotion Detection Using Ensemble Learning 435
28.5 Machine Learning Techniques for Emotion Detection 437
28.6 Conclusion 439
References 439
29 Alzheimer Disease Detection Using Machine Learning Techniques 443
M. Prabavathy, Paramita Sarkar, Abhrendu Bhattacharya and Anil Kumar Behera
29.1 Introduction 444
29.2 Machine Learning Techniques to Detect Alzheimerâs Disease 445
29.3 Pre-Processing Techniques for Alzheimerâs Disease Detection 446
29.4 Feature Extraction Techniques for Alzheimerâs Disease Detection 448
29.5 Feature Selection Techniques for Diagnosis of Alzheimerâs Disease 449
29.6 Machine Learning Models Used for Alzheimerâs Disease Detection 451
29.7 Conclusion 453
References 454
30 Netnographic Literature Review and Research Methodology for Maritime Business and Potential Cyber Threats 457
Hitesh Rawat, Anjali Rawat and Romil Rawat
30.1 Introduction 458
30.2 Criminal Flows Framework 460
30.3 Oceanic Crime Exchange and Categorization 462
30.4 Fisheries Crimes and Mobility Crimes 469
30.5 Conclusion 470
30.6 Discussion 470
References 470
31 Review of Research Methodology and IT for Business and Threat Management 475
Hitesh Rawat, Anjali Rawat, Sunday Adeola Ajagbe and Yagyanath Rimal
Abbreviation Used 476
31.1 Introduction 477
31.2 Conclusion 484
References 485
About the Editors 487
Index 489
