NATO Science Series C

By: C.E. Snape (Editor)

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Hardcover | 31 January 1995

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520 Pages

Dimensions(cm)
24.77 x 16.51 x 3.81

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Oil shales are broadly dermed as petroleum source rocks containing sufficiently high contents of organic matter (above ca 10-15 wt. %) to make utilisation a possibility. Like coal, the world's reserves of oil shales are vast being many times larger than those proven for crude oil. Indeed, some of the largest deposits occur in the USA and Europe where Estonia and Turkey have large reserves. The first recorded interest in oil shale retorting was an English patent in 1694 (Eele, Hancock and Porter, No. 330) which refers to distilling noyle from some kind of stone". The oil shale retorting industry dates back to the middle of the last century, notably Scotland, Estonia, France and Sweden in Europe. Indeed, my own Department at the University of Strathclyde has a historical link with James "Paraffin" Young, the founder of the Scottish oil shale industry who endowed a chair in Applied Chemistry. The growth of the oil industry saw the demise of the oil shale industry in most countries with the notable exception of Estonia, where kukersite has continued to be used for power generation and retorting. However, oil shale utilisation has attracted renewed attention since the early 1970s as a source of transport fuels and chemical feedstocks due to the the long term uncertainties over crude oil supplies.

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Non-Fiction Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning The Environment Environmental Management Engineering & Technology Energy Technology & Engineering Science Chemistry Physical Chemistry Earth Sciences Geology & The Lithosphere Geochemistry

Economic Geology

Preface
Organic petrography: principles and techniques	p. 1
Organic petrography of oil shales	p. 17
Demineralisation and kerogen maceral separation and chemistry	p. 35
Alkane biomarkers. Geochemical significance and application in oil shale geochemistry	p. 51
Solid state [superscript 13]C NMR in oil shale research: an introduction with selected applications	p. 69
Introduction to mass spectrometric techniques for fossil fuel analysis	p. 93
An introduction to open-tubular gas chromatography - analysis of fossil and synthetic fuels	p. 107
Speciation of organic sulphur forms in solid fuels and heavy oils	p. 125
Detailed structural characterization of the organic material in Rundle Ramsay Crossing and Green River oil shales	p. 143
Economic considerations of the oil shale and related conversion processes	p. 159
Oil shale beneficiation for processing	p. 175
Methods of oil shale analysis	p. 191
Relationship between hydrous and ordinary pyrolysis	p. 211
Fluidized bed retorting of oil shale	p. 229
Steam and co-processing of oil shales	p. 247
Chemical kinetics and oil shale process design	p. 263
Hydropyrolysis: fundamentals, two-stage processing and PDU operation	p. 277
The bitumen intermediate in isothermal and non-isothermal decomposition of oil shales	p. 295
Aqueous organic chemistry: geochemical aspects	p. 313
Asphaltites composition and conversion	p. 329
Oil shale residues as a feedstock for carbon materials	p. 347
Combustion reactivity of chars	p. 365
A probe for the rapid analysis of Vanadium: An Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and theoretical perspective	p. 379
Characterization of Jurassic black shales from Asturias (Northern Spain): evolution and petroleum potential	p. 387
n-Alkanoic compounds in sulphur-rich macromolecular substances: a detailed investigation of sulphur incorporation and cross-linking	p. 395
Biodegradation of hydrocarbons by sulphate reducing-bacteria in the Cretaceous Bahloul Formation (Tunisia)	p. 407
Origin, evolution and petroleum potential of a Cambrian source rock: implications of pyrolysate and bitumen composition	p. 419
Carbon isotopic compositions of individual alkanes/alkenes in leaf fossils and sediments from the P-33 site of the Miocene Clarkia deposit	p. 439
Atmospheric pressure temperature programmed reduction (AP-TPR) as a tool to investigate the changes in sulphur functionalities in solid fuels	p. 449
Organic geochemical characterization of some carboniferous coal seams of the Zonguldak basin (N.W. Turkey)	p. 461
X-ray studies of the structure of coals and cokes	p. 477
The aspects of microscopic studies as exemplified by the macroporous structure of cokes from bituminous coal range	p. 485
Determination of organic sulphur forms in Type I/II kerogens by high pressure temperature programmed reduction	p. 493
Index	p. 501
Table of Contents provided by Blackwell. All Rights Reserved.

NATO Science Series C

At a Glance

Hardcover

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