Nanoparticles

1. Synthesis and Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles.- 1.3 Synthesis of Single Metal MNPs.- 1.4 Synthesis of Alloyed Metal Nanoparticles.- 1.5 Synthesis of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles.- 1.6 Self-assembled monolayers on Iron and Iron Oxide MNPs.- 1.7 Preparation of Bioconjugate MNPs.- 1.8 BlOsynthetic routes to MNPs.- 1.9 Synthesis of Diluted Magnetic Semiconductor Nanoparticles.- 1.10 Synthesis of Transition Metal Coordination Polymer Nanoparticles.- 1.11 The Limits of Nano: Single Molecule Magnets.- 1.12 Summary and Outlook.- 2. Semiconductor Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Properties, and Integration into Polymers for the Generation of Novel Composite Materials.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Nanoparticle Synthesis.- 2.1.1 Room Temperature Synthetic Methods.- 2.1.2 High Temperature Organometallic Syntheses.- 2.3 Semiconductor Nanoparticle/Polymer Composites.- 2.3.1 Polymer-Nanoparticle Blends.- 2.3.2 Nanoparticle Growth in Polymers.- 2.4 Nanoparticle-Polymer Composites Obtained by End-Group Attachment.- 2.4.1 Chain-End Attachment of Preformed Polymers.- 2.4.2 Radial Growth of Polymers from Nanoparticle Surfaces.- 2.5 Self- and Directed-Assembly of Semiconducting Nanoparticles.- 2.6 Summary and Future Outlook.- 3. Architecture of Nanocrystal Building Blocks.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.1.1 Crystal Shape.- 3.1.2 Basic Nanoscale Building Blocks.- 3.2 Recent Developments in the Architectural Control of Nanobuilding Blocks.- 3.2.1 0-Dimensional Spheres and Cubes.- 3.2.2 1-Dimensional Rods and Wires.- 3.2.3 2-Dimensional Discs.- 3.2.4 Novel Nanobuilding Structures.- 3.2.5 Superstructures: Assemblies of Nanobuilding Blocks.- 3.3 Shape-Guiding Growth Mechanisms.- 3.3.1 Approaches for Obtaining 1-Dimensional Nanocrystals.- 3.4 Critical Parameters for Architecture Guiding Processes of Nanocrystals.- 3.4.1 Effects of Crystalline Phase of Nucleus on Final Shapes.- 3.4.2 Shape Control under Kinetic Controlled Processes and Capping Molecular Effects.- 3.5 Future Direction.- 4. Nanoparticle Scaffolds for Devices and Sensors.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Nanoparticles Modified with Molecular or Ionic Receptors.- 4.2.1 Generalities.- 4.2.2 Hydrogen Bonding Receptors.- 4.2.3 Crown Ether Receptors.- 4.2.4 Cyclodextrins.- 4.2.5 Anion Receptors.- 4.2.6 Other Receptors.- 4.3 Thin Film Sensors Containing Metal Colloidal Particles.- 4.4 Organized Nanoparticle Assemblies.- 4.5 Conclusions and Outlook.- 5. Nanoparticles in Catalysis.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Fundamental Issues.- 5.3 Challenges and Opportunities.- 5.4 Fabrication of Nanoparticles as Catalysts.- 5.5 Traditional Approaches.- 5.6 Surface-Capping Approaches.- 5.7 Surpported Nanoparticle catalysts.- 5.7.1 Gold Nanoparticle Catalysts.- 5.7.2 Other Metal Nanoparticle Catalysts.- 5.8 Assembled Nanoparticle Catalysts.- 5.9 The Nanoparticle Assembly.- 5.10 The Catalytic Activation.- 5.10.1 Electrochemical Activation.- 5.10.2 Thermal Activation.- 5.11 Conclusions and Prospectus.- 6. Adventures with Smart Chemical Sensing: Electrooptically Responsive Photonic Crystals.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Diffraction from CCA Photonic Crystals.- 6.2.1 Diffraction Efficiencies and Band Gaps.- 6.2.2 Standing Wave Electric Field Localization.- 6.3 CCA Optical Switching and Optical Limiting.- 6.4 Polymerized Colloidal Array Switching and Optical Limiting.- 6.4.1 PCCA Thermal Diffraction Switching Phenomena.- 6.4.2 PCCA Photochemical Switching Phenomena.- 6.4.3 PCCA Refractive Index Diffraction Switching Phenomena.- 6.5 PCCA Photonic Crystal Chemical Sensing Materials.- 6.5.1 Temperature Sensing IPCCA Sensors.- 6.5.2 Electrostatically Driven Chemical IPCCA Sensors.- 6.5.3 Crosslinking Driven IPCCA Chemical Sensors.- 6.6 Conclusions.- 7. Plasmonic Nanomaterials: Enhanced Optical Properties from Metal Nanoparticles and Their Ensembles.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Surface Plasmons in Spherical Metal Nanoparticles.- 7.3 Surface Plasmons: Theoretical Considerations.- 7.4 Surface Plasmons and the Material function.- 7.4.1 Size Confinement Effects on the Plasmon Band.- 7.4.2 Skin Depth.- 7.4.3 Local Dielectric and Surface Effects.- 7.4.4 Plasmon Decay and Radiative Damping.- 7.4.5 Anisotropic Metal Nanoparticles.- 7.4.6 Surface Plasmons in Metal Nanorods and Nanowires.- 7.4.7 Surface Plasmons in Metal Nanoprisms and Polyhedra.- 7.5 Metal Nanoparticle Ensembles.- 7.5.1 Discrete Metal Nanoparticle Clusters.- 7.5.2 Periodic Metal Nanoparticle 2D Arrays.- 7.5.3 Metal and Metal-Dielectric Nanoparticles in 3D Superlattices.- 7.5.4 Nonperiodic Nanoparticle Ensembles.- 7.6 Conclusion.- 8. Nanoparticle Polymer Ensembles.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Assembly of Polymer-Nanoparticle Composite Materials.- 8.3 Nanoparticle Building Blocks and Polymer Scaffolds.- 8.3.1 Nanoparticle Building Blocks.- 8.3.2 Polymer Scaffolds.- 8.4 Polymer-Nanoparticle Assemblies for Catalyic Applications.- 8.5 Fabrication of Polymer-Mediated Organized Nanoparticle Assemblies.- 8.6 Organized Polymer-Nanoparticle Assemblies on Surfaces.- 8.7 Dendrimers in Catalytic and Assembly.- 8.8 Conclusion.- 9. Electrostatic Assembly of Nanoparticles.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 Electrostatic Nanoparticle Assembly in Solution.- 9.3 Electrostatically Driven Nanoparticle Assembly in Thin Films.- 9.3.1 Electrostatic Assembly of Nanoparticles on Self-Assembled Monolayers.- 9.3.2 Electrostatic Assembly of Nanoparticles at the Air-Water Interface.- 9.3.3 Layer-by-Layer Nanoparticle Assembly Driven by Electrostatic Interactions.- 9.3.4 Nanocomposites by Electrostatic Entrapment in Thermally Evaporated Lipid Films.- 10. Biological and Biomimetic Applications of Nanoparticles.- 10.1 Introduction.- 10.2 Colloidal Gold Bioconjugates.- 10.3 Low and High Nuclearity Metal Clusters Conjugates.- 10.4 Biological Applications of Semiconductors Quantum Dots.- 10.5 DNA and Nanoparticles.- 10.6 DNA Recognition.- 10.7 DNA-Nanoparticle-Based Devices.- 10.8 Biomimetic Applications: Mimicry of Carbohydrate-Protein and Carbohydrate-Carbohydrate Interactions.- 10.9 Mimicry of Polyvalency and Cooperativity.- 10.10 Nanomaterials as Delivery Systems.- 10.11 Conclusion.- 283.