Multiagent Systems, Artificial Societies, and Simulated Orga

Social Beliefs for Social Order

By: Rosaria Conte, Mario Paolucci

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Hardcover | 31 October 2002

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Hardcover
228 Pages

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23.5 x 15.88 x 1.91

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Reputation In Artificial Societies discusses the role of reputation in the achievement of social order. The book proposes that reputation is an agent property that results from transmission of beliefs about how the agents are evaluated with regard to a socially desirable conduct. This desirable conduct represents one or another of the solutions to the problem of social order and may consist of cooperation or altruism, reciprocity, or norm obedience.
Reputation In Artificial Societies distinguishes between image (direct evaluation of others) and reputation (propagating metabelief, indirectly acquired) and investigates their effects with regard to both natural and electronic societies. The interplay between image and reputation, the processes leading to them and the set of decisions that agents make on their basis are demonstrated with supporting data from agentbased simulations.

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You Can Find This Book In

Non-Fiction Computing & I.T.Computer Networking & Communications Psychology Social Psychology Sociology & Anthropology Information Technology General Issue Ethical & Social Aspects of IT Computer Science Artificial Intelligence Medicine Medicine in General

Human-Computer Interaction Operating Systems

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Paperback

Published: 30th October 2012

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Foreword	p. xi
Acknowledgments	p. xiii
Introduction: Order: Old Problems, New Challenges, and Reusable Solutions	p. 1
Old Social Problems	p. 1
Infosocial Challenges	p. 3
Emergent order Vs. Designed control	p. 4
Actuality of Reputation: Spontaneous social Control	p. 5
Impact on Infosocieties	p. 6
About This Book	p. 6
Purpose	p. 6
Content	p. 7
Assumptions	p. 8
Caveats and Limits	p. 9
Value-added	p. 10
To Whom It Is Addressed	p. 11
The State of the Art	p. 13
Why Bother with Reputation?	p. 15
Summary	p. 15
Relevance of Reputation	p. 15
Earlier Views	p. 16
Honour	p. 17
Dignity	p. 17
Reputation	p. 19
Fame	p. 19
Static vs. Dynamic Properties	p. 19
Current Views	p. 20
What It Is: Current Definitions of Reputation	p. 20
What Is It Good For? Fields of Interest and Applications	p. 21
To Sum Up	p. 32
Recapitulation	p. 33
Theory and Practice of Cooperation: Focusing on the Reputed Agent	p. 35
Summary	p. 35
Cooperation: A Predicted or Effective Dilemma?	p. 35
Game-Theoretical Expectations: The Prisoner's Dilemma	p. 37
Cooperation, Social Order, and Centralised Institutions	p. 37
Introduction to the Prisoner's Dilemma	p. 38
Experimental Findings: More Cooperation Than Expected	p. 43
Problems Left Open	p. 49
Reputation and Trust: Complementary Notions?	p. 49
What About Reputing Agents?	p. 49
Recapitulation	p. 50
The Shadow of the Future	p. 51
Summary	p. 51
Repeated Games in Pd: The Appearance of Tft	p. 52
Finitely repeated games	p. 52
Backward Induction on the PD	p. 52
Infinitely repeated games	p. 53
Axelrod's Tournaments: TFT Takes All	p. 53
Simple Strategies Bring More Insight: Towards Reputation	p. 56
Repeated encounters in Field experiments	p. 57
Uncertainity brings out Reputation in finitely repeated games	p. 59
The Chain Store Paradox	p. 59
Uncertainty in the PD	p. 61
Recapitulation and OPEN ISSUES	p. 62
One-shot collaboration	p. 62
Predictive power of rational cooperation	p. 63
Reputation Transmission	p. 65
An Alternative Prespective: The Reputing Agent	p. 67
Summary	p. 67
AIMS	p. 67
A model of limited autonomous agents	p. 68
Filtering beliefs	p. 69
Filtering goals	p. 69
Limited autonomy	p. 71
A cognitive model of reputation	p. 71
Image	p. 73
Reputation	p. 74
Reputation-based Decisions	p. 79
Epistemic	p. 79
Pragmatic-Strategic	p. 80
Recapitulation	p. 81
Advantages of Reputation Over Repeated Interaction	p. 83
Summary	p. 83
Introduction to the Sim-Norm Model	p. 83
Purpose of the Model	p. 83
The Problem of Norms	p. 84
Description of the Model	p. 86
Results in Homogeneous Populations	p. 89
The Costs Of Compliance In Mixed Populations	p. 90
Redistributing the Costs of Compliance: Image	p. 92
Redistributing the Costs of Compliance: the Role of Reputation	p. 94
Genetic bases for the spreading of reputation	p. 96
Deletion Strategy	p. 97
Parent Selection and the Mechanism of Reproduction	p. 97
Findings	p. 98
Recapitulation	p. 100
Whether, Why, and Whom to Tell	p. 101
Summary	p. 101
Reputations: A Control Artefact	p. 101
What Memetics Has to Say	p. 102
Memetic Questions	p. 103
Agent Requirements	p. 103
The Memetic Model of Transmissibility	p. 104
The Memetic Decision About Reputation	p. 104
Whether and Why	p. 107
To whom	p. 109
About whom	p. 109
How	p. 110
Outputs of Memetic Decision: Some Hypotheses	p. 110
Whether to Transmit	p. 111
What to Transmit: Fidelity and Fallacy in Reputation Transmission	p. 112
Overlapping of Roles: Predictions of the Model	p. 114
Primary Consequences	p. 114
Combined Consequences	p. 115
Recapitulation and Suggestions	p. 117
What Reputation is Good for	p. 119
Reciprocal Altruism Reconsidered	p. 121
Summary	p. 121
The Problem	p. 121
The Solutions	p. 122
Reciprocal Altruism	p. 122
TIT-FOR-TAT and the Evolutionary Metaphor for Reciprocity	p. 124
In Search of Theory: How did Reciprocity Evolve?	p. 126
Types of Reciprocity	p. 126
Paths to Reciprocity	p. 127
Anything Missing?	p. 133
Cognitive Differences under Behavioural Convergence	p. 133
The Adaptive Mind	p. 134
Social Cognitive Artefacts	p. 137
Recapitulation	p. 138
Informational Altruism	p. 139
Summary	p. 139
Reputation and Gossip: Agent Property and Social Process	p. 139
On Gossip	p. 140
Definitions	p. 141
Properties	p. 141
Functions: Vis-a-vis the Society	p. 144
A Weapon of the Weak	p. 148
Follow-Up Questions	p. 149
Gossip as Informational Reciprocal Altruism	p. 149
Recapitulation	p. 151
False Reputation	p. 153
Summary	p. 153
False reputation in social control	p. 153
Expected Results	p. 154
The Design of the Experiment	p. 155
Expectations and findings	p. 156
Asymmetry between Calumny and Leniency	p. 158
Discussion	p. 160
Advantages of the Present Approach	p. 163
Social Impact of Reputation	p. 165
Summary	p. 165
Back to the Future: Extension and Social Impact of Reputation	p. 165
Problems Still Unsolved	p. 166
Advantages of the Present Approach	p. 166
For Monitoring	p. 167
For Action	p. 169
Recapitulation	p. 171
Reputation in Infosocieties	p. 173
Summary	p. 173
Online Communities	p. 173
Misbehaviour in online communities	p. 175
The problem of shifting identities	p. 176
Reputation Systems in Infosocieties	p. 179
Application-Level Reputation Systems: eBay	p. 179
Research-level Reputation Systems	p. 182
Reputation for Multi-agent Systems	p. 184
To Sum Up	p. 187
Recapitulation	p. 188
Concluding Remarks	p. 189
The Helix of Reputation	p. 189
A Process-Centred Approach	p. 190
Weapon of the Weak	p. 191
A Prudence Rule	p. 191
For a Dynamic Social Order	p. 192
Virtues and Vices	p. 192
God-less Machines and Social Machinery	p. 193
Courtesy Online	p. 194
Bibliography	p. 195
Index	p. 207
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

Multiagent Systems, Artificial Societies, and Simulated Orga

Social Beliefs for Social Order

At a Glance

Hardcover

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Defective items

You Can Find This Book In

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