Monographs in Geoscience

1. Results of Rocket Investigations of Parameters of the Upper Atmosphere.- x1.1. Atmospheric Density, Temperature, and Neutral Composition.- x1.2. Electron Concentration.- x1.3. Concentrations of Positive and Negative Ions.- x1.4. Intensity of Solar UV Radiation.- 2. General Outline of Elementary Processes in the Ionosphere.- x2.1. Recombination of Electrons and Positive Ions.- x2.2. Ionization of Neutral Particles.- x2.3. Ion-Molecular Reactions.- x2.4. Formation of Negative Ions.- x2.5. Ionization-Recombination Cycle of Ionosphearic Processes.- x2.6. Effective Recombination Coefficient above 100 km.- x2.7. Effective Recombination Coefficient below 100 km.- x2.8. Ambipolar Diffusion and Ionospheric Distribution of Charge Particles.- 3. Rates of Processes of Dissociative Recombination.- x3.1. Theoretical Investigations.- x3.2. Laboratory Investigations.- x3.3. Temperature Dependence of ?*.- x3.4. ?* Estimates Based on Ionospheric Data.- 4. Rates of Ion-Molecular Processes.- x4.1. Role of Ion-Molecular Processes in Ion Formation and Estimates Based on Ionospheric Data.- x4.2. Results of Laboratory Experiments.- 5. Ion Formation in the Ionosphere.- x5.1. Equilibrium Ion Concentrations.- x5.2. Comparison with Experimental Data.- x5.3. Variations in Ion Composition.- 6. Negative Ions and the Ionospheric D Region.- x6.1. Processes in Which Negative Ions Particpate.- x6.2. Physical Processes in the D Region.- 7. Oxygen Dissociation.- x7.1. Processes of Formation and Removal of Oxygen Atoms in the Upper Atmosphere.- x7.2. Rates of Processes with Participation of Atomic Oxygen.- x7.3. Distribution of Atomic Oxygen and Ozone Concentrations in the Lower Chemosphere.- x7.4. Distribution of Atomic and Molecular Oxygen Concentrations above 100 km.- 8. Reactions in Which Nitrogen and Its Oxides Participate.- x8.1. Introduction.- x8.2. Formation and Disappearance of Nitrogen Oxide and Dioxide in the Chemosphere.- x8.3. Laboratory Data on the Constants of Principal Reactions.- x8.4. Distribution of Nitrogen Oxide and Dioxide Concentrations in the Chemosphere.- x8.5. Other Nitrogen Oxides.- 9. Nitrogen Dissociation.- x9.1. Introduction.- x9.2. Processes of Formation and Disappearance of Atomic Nitrogen.- x9.3. Atomic Nitrogen Equilibrium Concentrations.- 10. Reactions with Participation of Neutral and Ionized Hydrogen and Helium Atoms.- x10.1. Reactions of Hydrogen and Its Compounds.- x10.2. Atmospheric Processes with Participation of Hydrogen and Helium Ions.- Conclusion.- Literature Cited.