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To a certain extent this textbook is a summary of both scientific results of various authors and classes in biogeochemistry, that have been given to students by authors during the last 5 to 10 years at different universities throughout the world such as Cornell, Moscow, Seoul and Bangkok. Biogeochemistry is becoming an increasingly popular subject for graduate and postgraduate education. Courses in ecology, geography, biology, chemistry, environmental science, public health and environmental engineering all tend to have a biogeochemical component in their syllabuses to a greater or lesser extent.
Industry Reviews
"A very interesting title for the tutor's and researcher's library Vladimir Bashkin's book, written in cooperation with R.W. Howarth, provides some aspects of biogeochemistry that were absent in recent titles and contains useful material that can be incorporated in a biogeochemistry course. [...] I would highly recommend it as an additional course material source to the biogeochemistry teacher of graduate or undergraduate classes. It contains a lot of useful material which will not be found easily in another contemporary title. I would also recommend it to scholars doing research in biogeochemistry or related fields, as it contains some interesting approaches to the subject by Russian and other former USSR scientists, with which the west is largely unfamiliar with.'
(Kostas Kourtidis, University of Thrace, Xanthi, Greece in EGS Newsletter)
' This is a very well illustrated text, incorporating questions for the student to work upon at the end of each chapter. Itis very readable and extremely informative'
(Mervyn Richardson, in International Journal of Environmental Studies, December 2003, Vol. 60 (6), Taylor & Francis Ltd.)
' The aim of putting together a textbook has certainly been achieved. There is plenty of interesting material. It is particularly positive to read examples from Russia and other parts of the former Soviet Union, which were at least partly inaccessible to most of the international readership until about 15 years ago. This textbook certainly depicts the current methods that link experience from specific fields and reveals a more holistic view of reality."
(Joerg Matschullat, Interdisciplinary Enviromental Research Center, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Germany. Enviromental Geology (2004) 46:683-684)
| Preface | p. vii |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| The Basic Concepts and Approaches to the Subject | p. 1 |
| Historical Development of Biogeochemistry | p. 5 |
| Further Reading | p. 10 |
| Questions and Problems | p. 11 |
| Evolutionary Biogeochemistry | p. 13 |
| Introduction | p. 13 |
| Origin of Elements | p. 14 |
| Earth Evolution | p. 15 |
| Evolution of the Lithosphere | p. 15 |
| Evolution of the Atmosphere | p. 21 |
| Evolution of the Hydrosphere | p. 27 |
| Prebiotic Earth and Mineral Cycling | p. 31 |
| Origin of Life | p. 35 |
| When Did Life Originate? | p. 36 |
| Primordial Soup | p. 38 |
| Clays and Life | p. 42 |
| Pyrite-Based Life Origin | p. 43 |
| The "Thioester World" | p. 47 |
| Evolution of Biogeochemical Cycles | p. 50 |
| Application of Isotopic Analysis for the Geological History of the Biogeochemical Cycles | p. 50 |
| Evolution of Oxygen Biogeochemical Cycle | p. 53 |
| Evolution of the Nitrogen Biogeochemical Cycle | p. 54 |
| Evolution of Carbon and Sulfur Biogeochemical Cycles | p. 56 |
| Role of Biogeochemical Cycles in Biogenic Deposition Formation | p. 61 |
| Formation of Biogenic Depositions from Kerogen | p. 63 |
| Geological and Biological Factors of Oil Composition Formatio | p. 65 |
| Further Reading | p. 68 |
| Questions and Problems | p. 69 |
| Biogeochemical Cycling of Macroelements | p. 73 |
| Introduction to Biogeochemical Cycling of Elements | p. 73 |
| Biogeochemical Cycling of Macroelements in the Atmosphere | p. 76 |
| Biogeochemical Cycling of Macroelements in Terrestrial Aquatic Ecosystems | p. 80 |
| Biogeochemical Cycling of Macroelements in Soils | p. 87 |
| Biogeochemistry Cycle of Carbon | p. 92 |
| Turnover of Carbon in the Biosphere | p. 95 |
| Carbon Fluxes in Terrestrial Ecosystems | p. 99 |
| Comparison of Carbon Biogeochemical Processes in Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems | p. 101 |
| Global Carbon Fluxes | p. 106 |
| Biogeochemistry Cycle of Nitrogen | p. 109 |
| Nitrogen Cycling Processes | p. 110 |
| Main Nitrogen Species | p. 111 |
| General Characterization of Nitrogen Biogeochemical Cycling Processes | p. 113 |
| Global Nitrogen Cycle | p. 120 |
| Biogeochemistry Cycle of Phosphorus | p. 125 |
| Phosphorus Forms in the Biosphere | p. 125 |
| Fluxes and Pools of Phosphorus in the Biosphere | p. 128 |
| Biogeochemistry Cycle of Sulfur | p. 134 |
| Sulfur in the Earth | p. 134 |
| Sulfur in the Biosphere | p. 136 |
| Global Fluxes and Pools of Sulfur | p. 139 |
| Biogeochemical Cycle of Silicon | p. 144 |
| Silicon in the Earth | p. 144 |
| Migration and Accumulation of Silicon Compounds in Soil-Water Systems | p. 144 |
| Biogeochemical Migration of Silicon in Arid Tropical Ecosystems | p. 146 |
| Biogeochemical Migration of Silicon in Wet Boreal and Tropical Ecosystems | p. 147 |
| The Importance of Silicon in Coastal Ecosystems | p. 151 |
| Global Pools and Fluxes of Silicon | p. 151 |
| Biogeochemistry Cycle of Calcium | p. 152 |
| Calcium in the Earth | p. 152 |
| Calcium Pools and Fluxes in the Biosphere | p. 153 |
| Solubility of Calcium Species in Natural Waters | p. 153 |
| Overall Global Biogeochemical Fluxes of Calcium | p. 157 |
| Further Reading | p. 158 |
| Questions and Problems | p. 158 |
| Biogeochemical Cycling of Trace Elements | p. 161 |
| Biogeochemistry of Copper | p. 161 |
| Copper Speciation | p. 162 |
| Global Cycle of Copper | p. 166 |
| Biogeochemistry of Zinc | p. 167 |
| Zinc in Biosphere | p. 168 |
| Biogeochemical Fluxes of Zinc | p. 171 |
| Global Biogeochemical Fluxes and Pools of Zinc | p. 173 |
| Biogeochemistry of Selenium | p. 173 |
| Selenium in the Biosphere | p. 174 |
| Selenium Enriched Biogeochemical Food Webs | p. 175 |
| Case Studies | p. 175 |
| Global Selenium Cycle | p. 184 |
| Biogeochemistry of Boron | p. 185 |
| Boron Enriched Biogeochemical Food Webs in Arid Ecosystems | p. 185 |
| Biogeochemistry of Molybdenum | p. 192 |
| Mo-Enriched Biogeochemical Food Web | p. 192 |
| Biochemical and Physiological Response to High Content of Molybdenum in Biogeochemical Food Webs | p. 195 |
| Further Reading | p. 196 |
| Questions and Problems | p. 196 |
| Interactions of Biogeochemical Cycles | p. 199 |
| Stoichiometric Aspects of Nutrient Uptake and Nutrient Limitation of Living Matter Production | p. 199 |
| Interactions of Biogeochemical Cycles in Terrestrial Ecosystems | p. 201 |
| Eutrophication of Natural Waters | p. 204 |
| Stoichiometric Aspects of Nutrient Recycling | p. 214 |
| Stoichiometric Aspects of Nutrient Recycling in Terrestrial Ecosystems | p. 214 |
| Stoichiometric Aspects of Nutrient Recycling in Aquatic Ecosystems | p. 219 |
| Thermodynamics of Bacterial Energetics | p. 221 |
| Biogeochemical modelling | p. 225 |
| General Principles | p. 225 |
| Models | p. 229 |
| Further Reading | p. 235 |
| Questions and Problems | p. 236 |
| Regional Biogeochemistry | p. 239 |
| Biogeochemistry of Arctic Ecosystems | p. 239 |
| Geographical Peculiarities | p. 239 |
| Landscape and Vegetation Impacts | p. 240 |
| Chemical Composition of Plants | p. 242 |
| Biogeochemistry of Soils | p. 243 |
| Biogeochemical Cycles | p. 244 |
| Biogeochemistry of Tundra Ecosystems | p. 246 |
| Plant Uptake of Trace Metals | p. 246 |
| Biogeochemistry of Tundra Soils | p. 246 |
| Productivity of Tundra Ecosystems and Cycling of Elements | p. 247 |
| Biogeochemistry of Boreal and Sub-Boreal Forest Ecosystems | p. 247 |
| Biogeochemical Cycling of Elements in Forest Ecosystems | p. 247 |
| Biogeochemical Fluxes in Soils of Boreal Forest Ecosystems | p. 265 |
| Biogeochemical Processes in the Soil-Water System of Boreal and Sub-Boreal Forest Ecosystems | p. 269 |
| Biogeochemistry of Steppes and Deserts | p. 274 |
| Biogeochemical Cycle of Nutrients in Arid Ecosystems | p. 274 |
| Soil Biogeochemistry in Arid Ecosystems | p. 282 |
| Role of Biogeochemical Processes in Aqueous Migration of Elements in Steppe Ecosystems | p. 285 |
| Biogeochemistry of Tropical Ecosystems | p. 287 |
| Biogeochemical Cycles of Chemical Species in Tropical Ecosystems | p. 288 |
| Biogeochemical Peculiarities of Tropical Soils | p. 294 |
| Biogeochemistry of Mangrove Ecosystems | p. 299 |
| Further Reading | p. 304 |
| Questions and Problems | p. 304 |
| Biogeochemical Mapping | p. 307 |
| Characterization of Soil-Biogeochemical Conditions in the World's Terrestrial Ecosystems | p. 307 |
| Eurasia | p. 312 |
| North America | p. 320 |
| Latin and South America | p. 325 |
| Africa | p. 328 |
| Australia | p. 330 |
| Biogeochemical Classification and Simulation of Biosphere Organization | p. 332 |
| Biogeochemical Classification of the Biosphere | p. 332 |
| Methodology of biogeochemical cycling simulation for biosphere mapping | p. 335 |
| Biogeochemical Mapping on Continental, Regional and Local Scales | p. 341 |
| Methods of Biogeochemical Mapping | p. 341 |
| Regional Biogeochemical Mapping of North Eurasia | p. 343 |
| Biogeochemical Mapping of the South Ural Region, Russia | p. 343 |
| Further Reading | p. 352 |
| Questions and Problems | p. 353 |
| Environmental Biogeochemistry | p. 355 |
| Environmental Biogeochemistry of Nitrogen | p. 356 |
| Environmental Biogeochemistry of Nitrogen in the North Atlantic Region | p. 356 |
| Environmental Biogeochemistry of Nitrogen in the East Asian Region | p. 382 |
| Environmental Biogeochemistry of Mercury | p. 403 |
| Speciation of Mercury | p. 404 |
| Anthropogenic Mercury Loading | p. 407 |
| Biological Effects of Mercury | p. 407 |
| Environmental Biogeochemical Cycling of Mercury | p. 409 |
| Global Mass Balance of Mercury | p. 413 |
| Environmental Biogeochemistry of Lead | p. 416 |
| Speciation of Lead | p. 417 |
| Anthropogenic Lead Loading | p. 417 |
| Biological Effects of Lead | p. 417 |
| Environmental Biogeochemistry of Lead | p. 418 |
| Global Mass Balance of Lead | p. 424 |
| Further Reading | p. 427 |
| Questions and Problems | p. 428 |
| Human Biogeochemistry | p. 431 |
| Biogeochemical and Physiological Peculiarities of Human Population Health | p. 431 |
| Cancer Diseases in the Carpathian Mountain Sub-Region of the Biosphere | p. 435 |
| Cancer Diseases in Middle Volga Silicon Sub-Region of the Biosphere | p. 436 |
| Cancer Diseases in the Boron Biogeochemical Sub-Region of the Biosphere | p. 440 |
| Human Health Indices in Technogenic and Agrogenic Biogeochemical Provinces | p. 447 |
| Physiological Indices for Human Biogeochemical Studies | p. 447 |
| Case study of Interactions between Human Health Indexes and Pollution in Crimea Dry Steppe Region of the Biosphere | p. 452 |
| Further Reading | p. 455 |
| Questions And Problems | p. 455 |
| Biogeochemical Standards | p. 457 |
| Critical Load Concept for Impact Oriented Emission Abatement Strategy of Sulfur and Nitrogen Acid-Forming and Eutrophication Compounds | p. 457 |
| Critical Load Approach: Challenges and Biogeochemical Fundamentals | p. 457 |
| General Approaches for Calculating Critical Loads | p. 464 |
| Environmental Risk Assessment under Critical Load Calculations | p. 466 |
| Sensitivity of European Ecosystems to Acid Deposition | p. 471 |
| Sensitivity of North American Ecosystems to Acid Deposition | p. 476 |
| Sensitivity of East Asian Ecosystem to Acid Deposition | p. 289 |
| Acid Deposition Influence on the Biogeochemical Migration of Heavy Metals in the Food Web | p. 508 |
| Calculation of critical loads for heavy metals at terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems | p. 510 |
| Selection of Receptor | p. 512 |
| Critical Limits | p. 514 |
| Calculation Methods | p. 520 |
| Input Data | p. 524 |
| Examples of Critical Loads Calculations for Heavy Metals | p. 525 |
| Calculation and Mapping of Critical Loads for HM in Germany | p. 525 |
| Calculation and Mapping of Critical Loads for Cd and Pb in the European Part of Russia | p. 528 |
| Further Reading | p. 531 |
| Questions and Problems | p. 532 |
| Future Trends in Modern Biogeochemistry | p. 535 |
| References | p. 539 |
| Index | p. 555 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
ISBN: 9781402009945
ISBN-10: 1402009941
Published: 31st December 2002
Format: Paperback
Language: English
Number of Pages: 576
Audience: Professional and Scholarly
Publisher: Springer Nature B.V.
Country of Publication: US
Dimensions (cm): 23.5 x 15.88 x 2.54
Weight (kg): 0.79
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