Modern Biogeochemistry

By: V.N. Bashkin, Robert W. Howarth

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Paperback | 31 December 2002

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576 Pages

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Modern Biogeochemistry is aimed to generalize modern ideas of biogeochemical developments during the last decades. It is designed to support a general course in biogeochemistry, and as such, is likely to have a broad market among the many universities and colleges that are adding such courses to their curricula. This book aims to supplement the existing textbooks by providing modern understanding of biogeochemistry, from evolutionary biogeochemistry to practical applications of biogeochemical ideas such as human biogeochemistry, biogeochemical standards and biogeochemical technologies.
To a certain extent this textbook is a summary of both scientific results of various authors and classes in biogeochemistry, that have been given to students by authors during the last 5 to 10 years at different universities throughout the world such as Cornell, Moscow, Seoul and Bangkok. Biogeochemistry is becoming an increasingly popular subject for graduate and postgraduate education. Courses in ecology, geography, biology, chemistry, environmental science, public health and environmental engineering all tend to have a biogeochemical component in their syllabuses to a greater or lesser extent.

Industry Reviews

"A very interesting title for the tutor's and researcher's library Vladimir Bashkin's book, written in cooperation with R.W. Howarth, provides some aspects of biogeochemistry that were absent in recent titles and contains useful material that can be incorporated in a biogeochemistry course. [...] I would highly recommend it as an additional course material source to the biogeochemistry teacher of graduate or undergraduate classes. It contains a lot of useful material which will not be found easily in another contemporary title. I would also recommend it to scholars doing research in biogeochemistry or related fields, as it contains some interesting approaches to the subject by Russian and other former USSR scientists, with which the west is largely unfamiliar with.'
(Kostas Kourtidis, University of Thrace, Xanthi, Greece in EGS Newsletter)

' This is a very well illustrated text, incorporating questions for the student to work upon at the end of each chapter. Itis very readable and extremely informative'
(Mervyn Richardson, in International Journal of Environmental Studies, December 2003, Vol. 60 (6), Taylor & Francis Ltd.)

' The aim of putting together a textbook has certainly been achieved. There is plenty of interesting material. It is particularly positive to read examples from Russia and other parts of the former Soviet Union, which were at least partly inaccessible to most of the international readership until about 15 years ago. This textbook certainly depicts the current methods that link experience from specific fields and reveals a more holistic view of reality."
(Joerg Matschullat, Interdisciplinary Enviromental Research Center, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Germany. Enviromental Geology (2004) 46:683-684)

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You Can Find This Book In

Non-Fiction Science Biology, Life Sciences Life Sciences in General Ecological Science Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning Earth Sciences Geology & The Lithosphere Geochemistry Biochemistry Engineering & Technology Environmental Science

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Preface	p. vii
Introduction	p. 1
The Basic Concepts and Approaches to the Subject	p. 1
Historical Development of Biogeochemistry	p. 5
Further Reading	p. 10
Questions and Problems	p. 11
Evolutionary Biogeochemistry	p. 13
Introduction	p. 13
Origin of Elements	p. 14
Earth Evolution	p. 15
Evolution of the Lithosphere	p. 15
Evolution of the Atmosphere	p. 21
Evolution of the Hydrosphere	p. 27
Prebiotic Earth and Mineral Cycling	p. 31
Origin of Life	p. 35
When Did Life Originate?	p. 36
Primordial Soup	p. 38
Clays and Life	p. 42
Pyrite-Based Life Origin	p. 43
The "Thioester World"	p. 47
Evolution of Biogeochemical Cycles	p. 50
Application of Isotopic Analysis for the Geological History of the Biogeochemical Cycles	p. 50
Evolution of Oxygen Biogeochemical Cycle	p. 53
Evolution of the Nitrogen Biogeochemical Cycle	p. 54
Evolution of Carbon and Sulfur Biogeochemical Cycles	p. 56
Role of Biogeochemical Cycles in Biogenic Deposition Formation	p. 61
Formation of Biogenic Depositions from Kerogen	p. 63
Geological and Biological Factors of Oil Composition Formatio	p. 65
Further Reading	p. 68
Questions and Problems	p. 69
Biogeochemical Cycling of Macroelements	p. 73
Introduction to Biogeochemical Cycling of Elements	p. 73
Biogeochemical Cycling of Macroelements in the Atmosphere	p. 76
Biogeochemical Cycling of Macroelements in Terrestrial Aquatic Ecosystems	p. 80
Biogeochemical Cycling of Macroelements in Soils	p. 87
Biogeochemistry Cycle of Carbon	p. 92
Turnover of Carbon in the Biosphere	p. 95
Carbon Fluxes in Terrestrial Ecosystems	p. 99
Comparison of Carbon Biogeochemical Processes in Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems	p. 101
Global Carbon Fluxes	p. 106
Biogeochemistry Cycle of Nitrogen	p. 109
Nitrogen Cycling Processes	p. 110
Main Nitrogen Species	p. 111
General Characterization of Nitrogen Biogeochemical Cycling Processes	p. 113
Global Nitrogen Cycle	p. 120
Biogeochemistry Cycle of Phosphorus	p. 125
Phosphorus Forms in the Biosphere	p. 125
Fluxes and Pools of Phosphorus in the Biosphere	p. 128
Biogeochemistry Cycle of Sulfur	p. 134
Sulfur in the Earth	p. 134
Sulfur in the Biosphere	p. 136
Global Fluxes and Pools of Sulfur	p. 139
Biogeochemical Cycle of Silicon	p. 144
Silicon in the Earth	p. 144
Migration and Accumulation of Silicon Compounds in Soil-Water Systems	p. 144
Biogeochemical Migration of Silicon in Arid Tropical Ecosystems	p. 146
Biogeochemical Migration of Silicon in Wet Boreal and Tropical Ecosystems	p. 147
The Importance of Silicon in Coastal Ecosystems	p. 151
Global Pools and Fluxes of Silicon	p. 151
Biogeochemistry Cycle of Calcium	p. 152
Calcium in the Earth	p. 152
Calcium Pools and Fluxes in the Biosphere	p. 153
Solubility of Calcium Species in Natural Waters	p. 153
Overall Global Biogeochemical Fluxes of Calcium	p. 157
Further Reading	p. 158
Questions and Problems	p. 158
Biogeochemical Cycling of Trace Elements	p. 161
Biogeochemistry of Copper	p. 161
Copper Speciation	p. 162
Global Cycle of Copper	p. 166
Biogeochemistry of Zinc	p. 167
Zinc in Biosphere	p. 168
Biogeochemical Fluxes of Zinc	p. 171
Global Biogeochemical Fluxes and Pools of Zinc	p. 173
Biogeochemistry of Selenium	p. 173
Selenium in the Biosphere	p. 174
Selenium Enriched Biogeochemical Food Webs	p. 175
Case Studies	p. 175
Global Selenium Cycle	p. 184
Biogeochemistry of Boron	p. 185
Boron Enriched Biogeochemical Food Webs in Arid Ecosystems	p. 185
Biogeochemistry of Molybdenum	p. 192
Mo-Enriched Biogeochemical Food Web	p. 192
Biochemical and Physiological Response to High Content of Molybdenum in Biogeochemical Food Webs	p. 195
Further Reading	p. 196
Questions and Problems	p. 196
Interactions of Biogeochemical Cycles	p. 199
Stoichiometric Aspects of Nutrient Uptake and Nutrient Limitation of Living Matter Production	p. 199
Interactions of Biogeochemical Cycles in Terrestrial Ecosystems	p. 201
Eutrophication of Natural Waters	p. 204
Stoichiometric Aspects of Nutrient Recycling	p. 214
Stoichiometric Aspects of Nutrient Recycling in Terrestrial Ecosystems	p. 214
Stoichiometric Aspects of Nutrient Recycling in Aquatic Ecosystems	p. 219
Thermodynamics of Bacterial Energetics	p. 221
Biogeochemical modelling	p. 225
General Principles	p. 225
Models	p. 229
Further Reading	p. 235
Questions and Problems	p. 236
Regional Biogeochemistry	p. 239
Biogeochemistry of Arctic Ecosystems	p. 239
Geographical Peculiarities	p. 239
Landscape and Vegetation Impacts	p. 240
Chemical Composition of Plants	p. 242
Biogeochemistry of Soils	p. 243
Biogeochemical Cycles	p. 244
Biogeochemistry of Tundra Ecosystems	p. 246
Plant Uptake of Trace Metals	p. 246
Biogeochemistry of Tundra Soils	p. 246
Productivity of Tundra Ecosystems and Cycling of Elements	p. 247
Biogeochemistry of Boreal and Sub-Boreal Forest Ecosystems	p. 247
Biogeochemical Cycling of Elements in Forest Ecosystems	p. 247
Biogeochemical Fluxes in Soils of Boreal Forest Ecosystems	p. 265
Biogeochemical Processes in the Soil-Water System of Boreal and Sub-Boreal Forest Ecosystems	p. 269
Biogeochemistry of Steppes and Deserts	p. 274
Biogeochemical Cycle of Nutrients in Arid Ecosystems	p. 274
Soil Biogeochemistry in Arid Ecosystems	p. 282
Role of Biogeochemical Processes in Aqueous Migration of Elements in Steppe Ecosystems	p. 285
Biogeochemistry of Tropical Ecosystems	p. 287
Biogeochemical Cycles of Chemical Species in Tropical Ecosystems	p. 288
Biogeochemical Peculiarities of Tropical Soils	p. 294
Biogeochemistry of Mangrove Ecosystems	p. 299
Further Reading	p. 304
Questions and Problems	p. 304
Biogeochemical Mapping	p. 307
Characterization of Soil-Biogeochemical Conditions in the World's Terrestrial Ecosystems	p. 307
Eurasia	p. 312
North America	p. 320
Latin and South America	p. 325
Africa	p. 328
Australia	p. 330
Biogeochemical Classification and Simulation of Biosphere Organization	p. 332
Biogeochemical Classification of the Biosphere	p. 332
Methodology of biogeochemical cycling simulation for biosphere mapping	p. 335
Biogeochemical Mapping on Continental, Regional and Local Scales	p. 341
Methods of Biogeochemical Mapping	p. 341
Regional Biogeochemical Mapping of North Eurasia	p. 343
Biogeochemical Mapping of the South Ural Region, Russia	p. 343
Further Reading	p. 352
Questions and Problems	p. 353
Environmental Biogeochemistry	p. 355
Environmental Biogeochemistry of Nitrogen	p. 356
Environmental Biogeochemistry of Nitrogen in the North Atlantic Region	p. 356
Environmental Biogeochemistry of Nitrogen in the East Asian Region	p. 382
Environmental Biogeochemistry of Mercury	p. 403
Speciation of Mercury	p. 404
Anthropogenic Mercury Loading	p. 407
Biological Effects of Mercury	p. 407
Environmental Biogeochemical Cycling of Mercury	p. 409
Global Mass Balance of Mercury	p. 413
Environmental Biogeochemistry of Lead	p. 416
Speciation of Lead	p. 417
Anthropogenic Lead Loading	p. 417
Biological Effects of Lead	p. 417
Environmental Biogeochemistry of Lead	p. 418
Global Mass Balance of Lead	p. 424
Further Reading	p. 427
Questions and Problems	p. 428
Human Biogeochemistry	p. 431
Biogeochemical and Physiological Peculiarities of Human Population Health	p. 431
Cancer Diseases in the Carpathian Mountain Sub-Region of the Biosphere	p. 435
Cancer Diseases in Middle Volga Silicon Sub-Region of the Biosphere	p. 436
Cancer Diseases in the Boron Biogeochemical Sub-Region of the Biosphere	p. 440
Human Health Indices in Technogenic and Agrogenic Biogeochemical Provinces	p. 447
Physiological Indices for Human Biogeochemical Studies	p. 447
Case study of Interactions between Human Health Indexes and Pollution in Crimea Dry Steppe Region of the Biosphere	p. 452
Further Reading	p. 455
Questions And Problems	p. 455
Biogeochemical Standards	p. 457
Critical Load Concept for Impact Oriented Emission Abatement Strategy of Sulfur and Nitrogen Acid-Forming and Eutrophication Compounds	p. 457
Critical Load Approach: Challenges and Biogeochemical Fundamentals	p. 457
General Approaches for Calculating Critical Loads	p. 464
Environmental Risk Assessment under Critical Load Calculations	p. 466
Sensitivity of European Ecosystems to Acid Deposition	p. 471
Sensitivity of North American Ecosystems to Acid Deposition	p. 476
Sensitivity of East Asian Ecosystem to Acid Deposition	p. 289
Acid Deposition Influence on the Biogeochemical Migration of Heavy Metals in the Food Web	p. 508
Calculation of critical loads for heavy metals at terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems	p. 510
Selection of Receptor	p. 512
Critical Limits	p. 514
Calculation Methods	p. 520
Input Data	p. 524
Examples of Critical Loads Calculations for Heavy Metals	p. 525
Calculation and Mapping of Critical Loads for HM in Germany	p. 525
Calculation and Mapping of Critical Loads for Cd and Pb in the European Part of Russia	p. 528
Further Reading	p. 531
Questions and Problems	p. 532
Future Trends in Modern Biogeochemistry	p. 535
References	p. 539
Index	p. 555
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

Modern Biogeochemistry

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