Microwave Radiometer Systems

Design and Analysis

By: Niels Skou

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Hardcover | 31 August 1989

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176 Pages

Dimensions(cm)
23.5 x 15.88 x 1.27

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Assuming a familiarity with the basics of radiometry, this work concentrates on practical, not theoretical experiences dealing with radiometers for sensing the surface of the earth. Topics include: sensitivity and accuracy, block diagram level, the TUD noise-injection, calibration, imaging, spacebor

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You Can Find This Book In

Non-Fiction Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning Geography Geographical Information Systems GIS & Remote Sensing Engineering & Technology Electronics & Communications Engineering Electronics Engineering Microwave Technology Communications Engineering & Telecommunications Radar Technology

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Introduction	p. 1
Summary	p. 3
The Radiometer Receiver. Sensitivity and Accuracy	p. 7
What is a Radiometer Receiver?	p. 7
The Sensitivity of the Radiometer	p. 8
Absolute Accuracy	p. 9
Radiometer Principles	p. 13
The Total Power Radiometer (TPR)	p. 13
The Dicke Radiometer (DR)	p. 14
The Noise-Injection Radiometer (NIR)	p. 16
Other Radiometer Types	p. 19
Radiometer Receivers on Block Diagram Level	p. 21
Receiver Principles	p. 21
Direct or Superheterodyne	p. 21
DSB - SSB with or without RF Preamplifier	p. 22
Dicke Radiometer	p. 23
Microwave Part	p. 23
The Noise Figure and the Sensitivity of the Radiometer	p. 25
The IF Circuitry and the Detector	p. 26
The Extreme Signal Levels	p. 27
The LF Circuitry	p. 28
The Analog to Digital Converter	p. 30
On the Sampling in the Radiometer. Aliasing	p. 34
The Noise-Injection Radiometer	p. 35
The Total Power Radiometer	p. 38
Stability Considerations	p. 40
Example: the Tud Noise-Injection Radiometers	p. 41
Calibration	p. 49
Why Calibrate?	p. 49
Calibration Sources	p. 50
Example: Calibration of the TUD 5 GHz Radiometer	p. 54
Sensitivity and Accuracy of Different Radiometer Types	p. 57
Background	p. 57
The Radiometers Used in the Experiments	p. 58
The Experimental Setup	p. 60
5 GHz Sensitivity Measurements	p. 60
Stability Measurements	p. 62
Discussion of the 5 GHz DR Results	p. 62
The 5 GHz DR with Correction Algorithm	p. 65
The 17 GHz NIR Results	p. 70
Discussion of the TPR Results	p. 73
Back-End Stability	p. 75
Conclusions	p. 78
Radiometer Antennas: Imaging Considerations	p. 81
Beam Efficiency and Losses	p. 81
Antenna Types	p. 83
Imaging Considerations	p. 85
The Dwell Time per Footprint versus the Sampling Time in the Radiometer	p. 90
Receiver Considerations for Imagers	p. 95
Relationships Between Swathwidth, Footprint, Integration Time, Sensitivity, Frequency, and Other Parameters for Satellite-Borne Imaging Systems	p. 97
Mechanical Scan	p. 98
Push-Broom Systems	p. 104
Summary and Discussion	p. 105
Examples	p. 106
General Purpose Multifrequency Mission	p. 106
Coastal Salinity Sensor	p. 108
First Example of Spaceborne Imager: a Sea Salinity/Soil Moisture Push-Broom Radiometer System	p. 109
Background	p. 109
The Brightness Temperature of the Sea	p. 110
The Brightness Temperature of Moist Soil	p. 111
User Requirements for Geophysical and Spatial Resolution	p. 112
Salinity Measurements	p. 112
Soil Moisture Measurements	p. 112
A 1.4 GHz Push-Broom Radiometer System	p. 113
Sensitivity Considerations	p. 113
Design of a 1.4 GHz Noise-Injection Radiometer Receiver	p. 113
Antenna Considerations	p. 116
Layout of the System	p. 117
A 2.7 GHz Companion Radiometer System	p. 117
Calibration	p. 119
Disturbing Factors: Faraday Rotation, Space Radiation, Atmosphere	p. 121
Faraday Rotation	p. 121
Space Radiation	p. 123
Atmospheric Effects	p. 124
Summary	p. 124
Second Example of Spaceborne Imager: "General Purpose" Mechanical Scanner	p. 127
Background	p. 127
System Considerations	p. 129
Geometric and Radiometric Characteristics for MIMR	p. 129
Preferred Instrument Options	p. 131
Data Rate	p. 134
Receiver Types and Calibration	p. 134
Receiver Design	p. 135
The Dual Receiver Concept	p. 135
The Receivers	p. 139
Physical Characteristics of the Receivers	p. 142
Critical Design Features	p. 145
Antenna Design	p. 146
Calibration	p. 148
Pre-Launch Radiometric Calibration	p. 148
On-Board Calibration	p. 149
Summary	p. 150
References	p. 153
Acronyms	p. 159
Index	p. 161
Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved.

Microwave Radiometer Systems

Design and Analysis

At a Glance

Hardcover

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