Preface | p. v |
The Place of Measurement, Instrumentation, and Laboratory | p. 1 |
Introduction | p. 1 |
Significance of Measurement and Instrumentation | p. 3 |
Measuring Systems | p. 4 |
The Measurement Problem | p. 17 |
The Instrumentation Problem | p. 22 |
The Laboratory Problem | p. 22 |
Reports | p. 26 |
Nomenclature | p. 29 |
Units and Standards | p. 29 |
Problems | p. 35 |
References | p. 40 |
Transducers | p. 41 |
Physical Laws | p. 41 |
Static Characteristics | p. 48 |
Transducer Types and Modeling | p. 66 |
Calibration | p. 74 |
Errors in Measurements | p. 77 |
Uncertainty Analysis | p. 81 |
Problems | p. 88 |
References | p. 94 |
Suggested Readings | p. 95 |
Structure of Measuring Systems | p. 97 |
Methods of Measurement | p. 97 |
Comparison of Methods of Measurement | p. 105 |
Interaction Between Components | p. 108 |
Bridge Circuits | p. 134 |
Basic Transducer Circuits | p. 141 |
Systems with Feedback | p. 147 |
Methods of Noise Reduction | p. 156 |
Noise Documentation | p. 166 |
Problems | p. 168 |
References | p. 174 |
Dynamic Characteristics of Instruments | p. 177 |
Introduction | p. 177 |
Modeling | p. 177 |
Time Response of Instruments | p. 181 |
Analog Data: Errors and Corrections | p. 196 |
Limitations of Time-Domain Analysis | p. 204 |
Frequency Response of Instruments | p. 205 |
Response to Periodic Signals | p. 226 |
Response to Transient Signals | p. 228 |
Problems | p. 236 |
References | p. 241 |
Suggested Readings | p. 242 |
Nonself-Generating Transducers and Applications | p. 243 |
Introduction | p. 243 |
Differential Transformers | p. 244 |
Differential Transformers: Applications | p. 250 |
Carrier Systems | p. 255 |
Inductive Transducers | p. 264 |
Inductive Transducers: Applications | p. 266 |
Strain Gages | p. 275 |
Strain Gages: Applications | p. 283 |
Capacitive Transducers | p. 290 |
Capacitive Transducers: Applications | p. 293 |
Problems | p. 298 |
References | p. 302 |
Suggested Readings | p. 303 |
Signal Conditioning and Output Devices | p. 305 |
Introduction | p. 305 |
Operational Amplifiers: Characteristics | p. 306 |
Operational Amplifiers: Basic Circuits | p. 310 |
Op-Amp Amplifiers and Applications | p. 316 |
Binary Numbering System | p. 325 |
Digital Techniques | p. 326 |
Functional Logic Circuits | p. 338 |
Output Devices | p. 349 |
Output/Storage Devices | p. 358 |
Problems | p. 375 |
References | p. 384 |
Displacement, Motion, Force, Torque, and Pressure Measurements | p. 387 |
Introduction | p. 387 |
Dimension and Displacement Measurements | p. 388 |
Motion Measurements | p. 395 |
Velocity Measurements | p. 396 |
Acceleration Measurements | p. 398 |
Force Measurements | p. 415 |
Torque Measurements | p. 422 |
Pressure Measurements | p. 423 |
Problems | p. 442 |
References | p. 452 |
Fluid-Flow Measurements | p. 457 |
Introduction | p. 457 |
Laminar and Turbulent Flow | p. 458 |
"Direct" Flow Measurements | p. 460 |
"Indirect" Flow Measurements | p. 476 |
Square-Root-Law Flowmeters | p. 477 |
Turbine Flowmeters | p. 488 |
Vortex-Shedding Flowmeters | p. 489 |
Hot-Wire and Hot-Film Anemometers | p. 491 |
Mass Flowmeters | p. 495 |
Problems | p. 500 |
References | p. 504 |
Temperature Measurements | p. 509 |
Introduction | p. 509 |
International Practical Temperature Scale | p. 510 |
Expansion and Filled Thermometers | p. 511 |
Thermocouples | p. 514 |
Resistance Temperature Detectors | p. 532 |
Thermistors | p. 539 |
Pyrometers: Principles | p. 542 |
Pyrometers | p. 549 |
Miscellaneous Temperature Sensors | p. 556 |
Problems | p. 558 |
References | p. 563 |
Laboratory Experiments | p. 567 |
Introduction | p. 567 |
Experiment 1. Voltage Measurements: Oscilloscopes, Multimeters, and Digital Multimeters | p. 569 |
Experiment 2. Transducers and Physical Laws | p. 590 |
Experiment 3. Measuring Systems | p. 610 |
Experiment 4. Strain Gage Applications | p. 617 |
Experiment 5. Time Response of Instruments | p. 648 |
Experiment 6. Frequency Response of Instruments | p. 662 |
Experiment 7. Signal Conditioning | p. 674 |
Review of Electrical Networks | p. 695 |
Linear Ordinary Differential Equations with Constant Coefficients | p. 729 |
Fourier Transforms | p. 735 |
Index | p. 745 |
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