Materials for Nuclear Plants

From Safe Design to Residual Life Assessments

By: Wolfgang Hoffelner

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Hardcover | 21 September 2012

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510 Pages

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23.5 x 15.88 x 3.18

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The clamor for non-carbon dioxide emitting energy production has directly impacted on the development of nuclear energy. As new nuclear plants are built, plans and designs are continually being developed to manage the range of challenging requirement and problems that nuclear plants face especially when managing the greatly increased operating temperatures, irradiation doses and extended design life spans. Materials for Nuclear Plants: From Safe Design to Residual Life Assessments provides a comprehensive treatment of the structural materials for nuclear power plants with emphasis on advanced design concepts.

Materials for Nuclear Plants: From Safe Design to Residual Life Assessments approaches structural materials with a systemic approach. Important components and materials currently in use as well as those which can be considered in future designs are detailed, whilst the damage mechanisms responsible for plant ageing are discussed and explained. Methodologies for materials characterization, materials modeling and advanced materials testing will be described including design code considerations and non-destructive evaluation concepts.

Including models for simple system dynamic problems and knowledge of current nuclear power plants in operation, Materials for Nuclear Plants: From Safe Design to Residual Life Assessments is ideal for students studying postgraduate courses in Nuclear Engineering. Designers on courses for code development, such as ASME or ISO and nuclear authorities will also find this a useful reference.

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Non-Fiction Engineering & Technology Energy Technology & Engineering Nuclear Power & Engineering Industrial Chemistry & Manufacturing Technologies Mechanical Engineering & Materials Engineering Skills & Trades Welding Mechanical Engineering Tribology including Friction & Lubrication Materials Science Testing of Materials

Nuclear Plants	p. 1
Current Reactors	p. 1
Pressurized Water Reactors	p. 2
Boiling Water Reactors	p. 2
CANDU Reactors	p. 6
Advanced Gas Reactors	p. 8
Improvements and Developments of Reactor Concepts	p. 9
Advanced Light Water Reactors	p. 9
Advanced Heavy Water Reactors	p. 11
Small Modular Reactors	p. 11
Advanced New Reactor Concepts	p. 13
Neutron Spectrum, Fast Reactors and Fuel Cycles	p. 16
Neutron Spectrum	p. 16
Fuel Cycles	p. 18
Generation IV Nuclear Plants	p. 22
Sodium Fast Reactor	p. 22
Lead-Cooled Fast Reactor	p. 29
Very-High-Temperature Reactor System	p. 32
Gas-Cooled Fast Reactor System R&D	p. 41
Supercritical Water Reactor	p. 44
Molten Salt Reactor	p. 47
Other Advanced Nuclear Plant Concepts	p. 49
Traveling Wave Reactor	p. 49
Accelerator-Driven Systems	p. 51
Space Nuclear Plants	p. 53
Nuclear Fusion	p. 55
Conversion of Nuclear Energy into Electricity and Heat	p. 58
References	p. 61
Materials	p. 65
Introduction	p. 65
Basics	p. 65
Point Defects	p. 67
Linear Defects	p. 71
Planar Defects	p. 73
Diffusion Processes	p. 75
Binary Phase Diagrams	p. 79
Classes of Materials for Nuclear Applications	p. 81
Steels	p. 84
Superalloys	p. 102
Refractory Alloys	p. 110
Zirconium Alloys	p. 110
Intermetallics	p. 112
Nano-Structured Materials	p. 114
Ceramic Materials	p. 124
Coatings	p. 128
References	p. 128
Components and Its Production	p. 135
Components of Nuclear Plants	p. 135
Vessel	p. 136
Fuel Elements	p. 141
Control Rods	p. 148
Other Reactor Internals	p. 148
Piping and Steam Generator	p. 151
Intermediate Heat Exchanger	p. 152
Energy Conversion Systems	p. 155
Materials for Nuclear Fission Plants	p. 157
Fusion	p. 157
Production Techniques	p. 163
Melting	p. 164
Shaping	p. 168
Powder Metallurgy	p. 172
Powder Production	p. 173
Powder Compaction	p. 174
Graphite	p. 176
Fiber Reinforced Materials	p. 179
Fusion Procedures	p. 181
Submerged Arc and Gas Tungsten Arc Welding	p. 181
Defects in Welds	p. 183
Other Bonding Methods	p. 185
Coatings and Surface Treatment	p. 188
Lining	p. 188
Chemical Vapor Deposition CVD	p. 190
Physical Vapor Deposition	p. 190
Thermal Spray	p. 192
Other Surface Treatments	p. 192
References	p. 192
Mechanical Properties of Nuclear Materials	p. 197
Introduction	p. 197
Strength of Materials	p. 198
Plastic Deformation of Single Crystals	p. 198
Stress-Strain Curves	p. 200
Hardening Mechanisms	p. 203
Toughness	p. 206
Impact Testing and Fracture Appearance Transition Temperature	p. 206
Fracture Toughness	p. 208
Creep	p. 217
Creep Curve	p. 217
Stress Rupture Curve	p. 220
Mechanisms of Thermal Creep in Metals	p. 222
Creep Damage	p. 227
Extrapolation of Stress Rupture Data	p. 228
Creep Crack Growth	p. 232
Thermal Creep of Ceramics for Nuclear Plants	p. 235
Fatigue	p. 235
Introduction	p. 235
Basic Principles	p. 236
Representation of Fatigue Results	p. 237
Fatigue Crack Growth	p. 241
Phenomenology of Fatigue	p. 244
Greep-Fatigue Interactions	p. 246
References	p. 251
Irradiation Damage	p. 255
Introduction	p. 255
Early Stage of Radiation Damage	p. 257
Reactions of Point Defects Created During Irradiation	p. 261
Influence of Temperature	p. 263
Influence of Lattice Type	p. 265
Influence of Chemical Composition	p. 267
Other Types of Irradiation Damage	p. 268
Radiation Induced Segregation (RIS)	p. 268
Irradiation Induced (Coherent) Precipitation	p. 270
Amorphization	p. 271
The Production of Foreign Atoms	p. 272
Radiation Induced Dimensional Changes	p. 273
Void Swelling	p. 273
Radiation Creep	p. 275
Radiations Effects at High Temperatures	p. 279
Influence of Radiation on Mechanical Properties	p. 281
Strength and Toughness	p. 281
Influence of Irradiation on Fatigue and Fatigue Crack Growth	p. 283
Creep and Creep-Fatigue	p. 284
Radiation Damaged in Non-Metallic Structural Materials	p. 285
Graphite	p. 285
Silicon Carbide	p. 287
Irradiation Damage of Components	p. 288
Light Water Reactors	p. 288
Radiation Damage in Advanced Reactors	p. 294
References	p. 302
Environmental Damage in Nuclear Plants	p. 309
Basic Aspects of Corrosion	p. 309
Forms of Corrosion	p. 309
Corrosion Testing	p. 312
Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC)	p. 316
Corrosion and Fatigue Loading	p. 317
High Temperature Effects	p. 319
Environmental Effects in Light Water Reactors	p. 320
Basics	p. 320
Pressure Boundaries	p. 323
Reactor Internals	p. 328
Corrosion of Zircaloy Claddings	p. 331
Environmental Effects in Advanced Reactors	p. 335
Sodium Fast Reactor	p. 335
High Temperature Gas reactors	p. 341
Other Advanced Nuclear Plants	p. 345
Fusion	p. 353
References	p. 354
Advanced Mechanical Testing and Analysis Methods	p. 359
Introduction	p. 359
Micro-Mechanical Testing	p. 360
Fatigue Crack Growth Testing	p. 362
Fracture Toughness Testing	p. 363
Shear Punch	p. 366
Micro-Nanohardness Testing	p. 368
Compression and Tensile Tests with Micro-Samples	p. 370
Advanced Auxiliary Equipment	p. 371
Irradiation	p. 371
Preparation of Miniaturized Samples with Focused Ion Beam	p. 373
Measurement of Changes in Geometry of Microsamples	p. 374
Microstructural Investigations	p. 375
Scanning Electron Microscope	p. 375
Transmission Electron Microscope	p. 376
Other Analysis Techniques	p. 377
Analysis With Beamlines	p. 377
Modelling Techniques	p. 386
First Principle Considerations	p. 387
Molecular Dynamics	p. 389
Kinetic Monte Carlo and Rate Theory	p. 390
Dislocation Dynamics	p. 391
Computational Thermodynamics	p. 393
Some Results of Multiscale Modeling	p. 393
Further Outlook	p. 400
References	p. 402
Design, Life-Time and Residual Life	p. 407
Introduction	p. 407
Loads and Stresses in Components	p. 410
Equivalent Stresses	p. 410
Notches	p. 415
Codes and Design Rules	p. 417
General Structure of Codes	p. 417
Selected Materials Problems	p. 423
Material Properties Databases Needs	p. 430
Non Destructive Testing/Evaluation	p. 432
General Considerations	p. 432
NDE Techniques	p. 435
Advanced Material Characterization	p. 441
NDE of Advanced Nuclear Systems	p. 445
RPV as an Example	p. 447
Plant Life Management (PLIM) and Plant Life Extension (PLEX)	p. 451
References	p. 452
Questions and Exercises	p. 457
Solutions	p. 467
Index	p. 475
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

Materials for Nuclear Plants

From Safe Design to Residual Life Assessments

At a Glance

Hardcover

Shipping

How to return your order

Defective items

You Can Find This Book In

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