Masonry Wall Construction

Chapter 1: Introduction. 1.1 Historical perspective 1.2 Applications of masonry wall construction 1.3 Advantages of masonry construction 1.4 Factors affecting the design of masonry buildings 1.5 Future trends. Chapter 2: Masonry Units: Bricks, Blocks and Natural Stone. 2.1 Masonry Units: general 2.2 Manufacture of Units - Clay bricks and blocks; Calcium silicate bricks and blocks; Concrete bricks and blocks 2.3 Properties of bricks and blocks - Physical properties; Mechanical properties 2.4 Natural Stone - General; Granite; Limestone; Sandstone. Chapter 3: Mortar and Other Components 3.1 Mortar - General; Cements for mortar; Sands for mortars; Water for mortars; Admixtures used in mortar; Mortar mix design 3.2 Components - Damp proof course material and cavity trays; wall ties and fixings; Reinforcement. Chapter 4: Structural Design. 4.1 General considerations 4.2 Loading on walls 4.3 Design for compressive loading - Compressive strength of masonry; Allowance for eccentricity and slenderness; Loadbearing capacity of walls 4.4 Resistance of walls to in-plane horizontal loading 4.5 Laterally loaded walls and panels 4.6 Reinforced and prestressed masonry. Chapter 5: Non-Structural Aspects of Design. 5.1 Design for movement - Causes of movement in masonry buildings; Methods of accommodating movement 5.2 Moisture exclusion 5.3 Durability of masonry structures - General; Resistance to frost action; Salt crystallisation and sulphate attack; Atmospheric pollution; Attack by biological agencies; Durability of metal components embedded in masonry 5.4 Thermal design - General principles; Thermal insulation; Condensation 5.5 Acoustic properties 5.6 Fire resistance. Chapter 6: Masonry Wall Construction. 6.1 Types of masonry walls - General; Single leaf walls; Cavity walls; Bonded brickwork walls; Special types of walls; Stone masonry walls 6.2 Masonry construction - General; Current site procedures 6.3 Developments in masonry construction - Prefabrication; Alternative units; Site practice; masonry building systems; Concluding comment. Chapter 7: Defects in Masonry Walls. 7.1 General 7.2 Cracking in masonry buildings 7.3 Rain and damp penetration 7.4 Other visible defects 7.5 Workmanship factors affecting strength. Chapter 8: Repairs and Improvements to Masonry Walls. 8.1 Maintenance and repair - Pointing; Non-structural repairs; Structural repairs 8.2 Improvements and alterations - Waterproofing and basements; Formation of openings in walls; Improvement of thermal insulation; Improvement of acoustic insulation.