Mark Twain

VOLUME I:

Three Biographical Responses

Introduction

Chronology of Twain's Life

Bibliography: Twain's Major Works

Bibliography: The Critical Response

Chronological List of Criticism Included

Acknowledgements

1. WILLIAM DEAN HOWELLS, My Mark Twain: Reminiscences and

Criticisms, (New York, London, 1910)

2. ALBERT BIGELOW PAINE, Mark Twain: A Bior;raphy, The Personal

and Literary Life of Samuel Langhorne Clemens, 3 vols (New York and London, 1912)

3. CLARACLEMENS, MyFather, Mark Twain, (NewYorkand

London, 1931)

VOLUME II:

Contemporary Reviews; Creative Writers' Responses

The Innocents Abroad, or the New Pilgrim's Progress (1869)

4. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, Nation, IX, 2 Sept. 1869, pp. 194-5
5. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, Packard's Monthly, II, Oct. 1869,

pp.318-19

6. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, Buffalo Express, 16 Oct. 1869
7. TOM FOLIO, Evening Transcript, (Boston), 15 Dec. 1869, p. 1
8. WILLIAM DEAN HOWELLS, 'The Innocents Abroad', Atlantic

Monthly, XXIV, Dec. 1869, pp. 764-6

9. BRET HARTE, Overland Monthly, IV,Jan. 1870, pp. 100-1
10. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, The Athenaeum, No. 2239, 24 Sept. 1870,

1. 395-6
11. ANONYMOL'S REVIEW, Saturday Review, (London), XXX, 8 Oct.

1870,pp.467-8

Roughing It (1872)

12. ANONYMOL'S REVIEW, 'Uncivilised America', Manchester

Guardian, 6 March 1872, p. 7

13. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, Overland Monthly, VIIl,June 1872,

pp.580-1

14. 1LLIAM DEAN HOWELLS, Atlantic Monthly, XXIX,June 1872,

1. 48-9

The GildedAge (1873)

15. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, 'Novels of the Week', The Athenaeum,

No.2411, l0Jan. 1874,p.53

16. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, Graphic, (London), IX, 28 Feb. 1874,

p. 199

17. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, 'The Gilded Age', Old and New, (Boston),

IX, March 1874, pp. 386-8

18. 1LLIAM DEAN HOWELLS, 'The Play from The Gilded Age',

Atlantic Monthly,June 1875; reprinted in My Mark Twain: Reminiscences and Criticisms, (New York and London, 1910), pp.115-19

Sketches, New and Old (1875)

19. 1LLIAM DEAN HOWELLS, 'Mark Twain's Sketches, New and Old',

Atlantic Month{}; XXXVI, Dec. 1875, pp. 749-51

20. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, 'American Literature', The Saturday

Review, (London), XLI, 29Jan. 1876, p. 154

The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876)

21. 1LLIAM DEAN HOWELLS, 'The Adventures of Tom Sawyer',

Atlantic A1onth{l; XXXVII, May 1876, pp. 621-2

22. .-:''Ol'YMOL'S RE1EW, [Moncure D. Conway], The Examine,;

17June 1876, pp. 687-8

23. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, TheAthenaeum, No. 2539, 24June 1876,

p.851

24. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, The Times, 28 Aug. 1876, p. 4
25. ANONThfOUSREVIEW, New York Times, 13Jan. 1877, p. 3

A Tramp Abroad (1880)

26. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, Saturday Review, XLIX, 17 April 1880,

1. 514-15
27. ANONYMOUS REVIEW [William Ernest Henley], The Athenaeum,

No. 2739, 24 April 1880, pp. 529-30

28. WILLIAM DEAN HOWELLS, The Atlantic Monthly, XLV, May 1880,

pp.686 8

The Prince and the Pauper (1881-2)

29. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, The Athenaeum, No. 2826, 24 Dec. 1881,

p.849

30. ANONYMOUS REVIEW [H. H. Boyesen], 'Mark Twain's New

Departure', The Atlantic Monthly, XLVIII, Dec. 1881, pp.843-5

31. E. PURCELL, The Academy, XX, 24 Dec. 1881, p. 469
32. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, Century Magazine, XXIII, March 1882,

1. 783-4

The Stolen White Elephant (1882)

33. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, TheAthenaeum, No. 2852, 24June 1882,

p.795

34. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, The Graphic, XXVI, 15July 1882, p. 62
35. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, Westminster Review, ns LXII, Oct. 1882,

1. 576 7

Life on the Mississippi (1883)

36. LAFCADIO HEARN, Times Democrat, (New Orleans), 30 May

1882,p.4

37. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, TheAthenaeum, No. 2901, 2June 1883,

1. 694-5
38. ROBERT BROWN, The Academy, XXIV, 28July 1883, p. 58
39. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, The Graphic, XXVIII, 1 Sept. 1883, p. 231

Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884-5)

40. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, The Athenaeum, No. 2983, 27 Dec. 1884,

p.855

41. ANONYMOUS REVIEW [Brander Matthews], Saturday Review,

LIX,31Jan. 1885,pp.153-4

42. ANONYMOUS REVIEW [Robert Bridges], 'Mark Twain's

Blood-curdling Humor', Life, V, 26 Feb. 1885, p. 119

43. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, 'Modern Comic Literature', Saturday

Review, (London), LIX, 7 March 1885, pp. 301-2

44. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, Westminster Review, ns LXVII, April 1885,

1. 596 7
45. THOMAS SERGEANT PERRY, 'Mark Twain', Century Magazine,

XXX, May 1885, pp. 171-2

46. VICTOR FISCHER, 'Huck Finn Reviewed: The Reception of

HuckkberryFinnin the United States, 1885-97', American Literary Realism, 1870-1910, XVI, Spring, 1983, pp.1-57

A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (1889)

47. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, Sunday Herald, (Boston), 15 Dec. 1889,

p.17

48. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, 'Didactic Humorists', Speaker, I, 11Jan.

1890,pp.49-50

49. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, Daily Tekgraph, (London), 13Jan. 1890
50. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, Scot's Observer, VII, lJan. 1890, p. 10
51. WILLIAM DEAN HOWELLS, Harper's Monthly, LXXX,Jan. 1890,

pp.319-21

52. DESMOND O'BRIEN, Truth, XXVII, 2Jan. 1890, p. 25
53. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, TheAthenaeum, No. 3251, 15 Feb. 1890,

p.211

54, ANONYMOUS REVIEW, Literary World, (Boston), XXI, 15 Feb,

1890,pp.52-3

1. WILLIAM T. STEAD, 'Mark Twain's New Book; A Satirical Attack

on English Institutions', Review of Reviews I, Feb. 1890, pp.144-56

2. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, Plumas National, (Quincy, California),

5July 1890, p. 2

The American Claimant (1892)

3. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, The Academy, XLII, 29 Oct. 1892, p. 386
4. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, The Bookman, (London), III, Nov. 1892,

p.60

5. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, The Spectator, (Supplement), No. 3360,

Nov. 1892, p. 714

The £1,000,000 Bank-note (1893)

6. ANONYMOUS REVIEWS, The Bookman, (London), IV,June 1893,

p.91

7. GEORGE SAINTSBURY, The Academy, XLIV, 8 July 1893, p. 28

The Tragedy of Pudd'nhead Wilson (1894)

8. ANONYMOUS REVIEW [William Livingston Alden], 'The Book

Hunter', The Idler, VI, Aug. 1894, pp. 213-24

62. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, The Athenaeum, No. 3508, 19Jan. 1895,

pp. 83-4

1. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, The Critic, XXVI, 11 May 1895, pp. 338-9

Tom Sawyer Abroad (1894)

2. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, TheAthenaeum, No. 3474, 26 May 1894,

p.676

3. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, The Bookman, (London) ,June 1894,

pp. 89-90

4. E. K. CHAMBERS, The Academy, XLVI, 14July 1894, p. 27

Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc (1896)

5. WILLIAM DEAN HOWELLS, 'Joan of Arc', Harper's Weekly, XLI,

30 May 1896, pp. 335-9

6. WILLIAM PETERFIELD TRENT, 'Mark Twain as an Historical

Novelist', The Bookman, (New York), III, May 1896,

pp. 207-10

Tom Sawyer Detective, and Other Tales (1896)

7. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, The Academy, LI, 2Jan. 1897, p.18
8. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, TheAthenaeum, No. 3617, 20 Feb. 1897,

p.244

Following the Equator, or More Tramps Abroad (1897)

9. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, 'Facts versus Fun', The Academy, Lil,

11 Dec. 1897, pp. 519-20

10. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, The Speaker, XVI, 11 Dec. 1897, p. 671
11. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, Saturday Review (London), LXXXV,

29Jan. 1898,p.153

12. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, The Critic, XXXII, 5 Feb. 1898, pp. 89-90
13. HIRAMM. STANLEY, The Dial, XXIV, 16 March 1898, pp.186-7

The Man that Corrupted Hadleyburg, and Other Stories (1900)

14. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, 'Mark's New Way: The Afan that Corrupted

Hadleyburg', The Academy, LIX, 29 Sept. 1900, pp. 258-9

15. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, 'Mark Twain's Aftermath: The Man that

CorruptedHadleyburg', The Outlook, VI, 29 Sept., 1900, p. 280

16. WILLIAM ARCHER, 'The Man that Corrupted Hadleyburg- 'A

New Parable', The Critic, XXXVII, Nov. 1900, pp. 413-15

A Double-barrelled Detective Story (1902)

17. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, The Saturday Review, (London), XCIV,

2 Aug. 1902, p.147

18. ANONYMOUSRE'IEW, TheAthenaeum, No. 3901, 2 Aug. 1902,

p.152

Extracts from Adam's Diary (1904)

19. ANOl'YMOCS RE'IEW [Harry Thurston Peck], 'Mark Twain at

Ebb Tide', The Bookman, (New York), XIX, May 1904,

pp. 235-6

20. .-NOl'ThlOCS RE'IEW, 'Mark Twain's Latest', The Spertat01;

XCII, 11June 1904, pp. 925-6

King Leopold's Soliloquy (1905)

21. At'ONYMOL'SREVIEW, TheAthenaeum, No. 4153, ljune 1907,

p.664

22. ANONYMOL'SREVIEW, Punch, CXXXII, 19June 1907, p. 451
23. ANONYMOL'SREVIEW, The Bookman, (London), XXXII,July

1907, p. 150

What is Man? (1906)

24. JOHN ADAMS, 'Mark Twain as Psychologist', The Bookman,

(London), XXXIX, March 1911, pp. 270-2

Is Shakespeare Dead? (1909)

25. H. L. MENCKEN, Smart Set, XXVIII, Aug. 1909, p.157

Extract From Captain Stormfield's Visit to Heaven ( 1909)

26. ANONYMOUS REVIEW,' Captain Stonnfield's Visit to Heaven', The

Literary Digest, XL, lJan. 1910, p. 33

Mark Twain's Autobiography (1924)

27. At'ONYMOl!S REVIEW, 'Mark Twain's Autobiography', The Times

LiterarJ SupjJlement, 6 Nov. 1924, p. 701

28. LEONARD WOOU 'The World of Books', The Nation & The

Athenaeurn, XXXVI, 8 Nov. 1924, p. 217

The Florida Edition of Mark Twain (1925)

29. LEONARD WOOLF, 'The World of Books', The Nation & The

Athenaeum', XXXVI, 26 Sept. 1925, p. 765

Creative Writers' Responses

30. HENRY ADAMS, Letter to Elizabeth Cameron, 8 April 190 l; in

Worthington Chauncey Ford (ed.), Letters of HenrJ Adams,

(Boston and New York, 1938), pp. 326-7

31. SHERWOOD ANDERSON, Letters to Van Wyck Brooks, April

1918-July 1923; in Howard Mumford Jones (ed.), Letters of Sherwood Anderson, (Kraus Reprint, New York, 1969),

pp. 30-47, 104

32. MATTHEW ARNOLD, 'A Word About America'; in Civilisation in

the United States: First and Last Impressions, (Boston, 1888),

pp. 91-2

33. W.H.AUDEN, 'Huck and Oliver', TheListener,L,Oct.1953,

pp. 540-1

34. CHARLIE REILLY, 'An Interview with John Barth', Contemporary

Literature, XXII, Winter, 1981, pp.1-23

35. ARNOLD BENNETT, Comment on Mark Twain, Bookman,

(London), XXXVIII,June 1910, p.118

36. WALTER BESANT, 'My Favourite Novelist and His Best Book',

Munsey's Magazine, XVIII, Feb. 1898, pp. 659-64

37. CAREYMcWILLIAMS, Abrose Bierce: A Biography, (Archon Books,

1967), p. 88

38. MALCOLM BRADBURY, 'Mark Twain in the Gilded Age', The

Critical Quarterly, XI, Spring, 1969, pp. 65-73

39. GEORGE WASHINGTON CABLE, Speech at the Memorial

Service for Mark Twain, 30 November 1910, Proceedings of the American Academy and Nationallnstitute (1911),

pp. 21-4

40. G.K.CHESTERTON, 'Mark Twain', T. P.'s Weekly, 19April 1910,

pp.535-6

41. DAVID LEON HIGDON, 'Conrad and Mark Twain: A Newly

Discovered Essay', journal of Modern Literature, XII,July 1985,

pp. 354-61

42. THEODORE DREISER, 'Mark the Double Twain', English journal,

XXIV, Oct. 1935, pp. 615-26

43. T. s. ELIOT, Introduction to Huck/,eberryFinn, The Cresset

Press, (London, 1950), pp. vii-xvi. 'American Literature and the American Language', an Address delivered at Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, 9June 1953; reprinted in To Criticize the Critic and Other Writings, (London, 1965), pp. 43-60

44. RALPH ELLISON, 'The Seer and the Seen' (1946); 'Change the

Joke and Slip the Yoke' (1958); 'Some Questions and Some Answers' (1958). All reprinted in Shadow and Act, (New York, 1964),pp.24-44,45-59,261-72

45. JAMEST.FARRELL, 'MarkTwain'sHuck/,eberryFinnand Tom

Sawyer', The League of Frightened Philistines and Other Papers,

(New York, 1945), pp. 25-30

109.

WILLIAM FAULKNER, 'Classroom Statements at the University

of Mississippi' (1947); 'Interviews in Japan' (1955); in James

B. Meriwether and Michael Millgate (eds), Lion in the Garden:

Interviews with WilliamFaulkner, 1926-1962, (NewYork, 1968),

ll0.

pp.56, 137

F. SCOTT FITZGERALD, '10 Best Books I Have Read',Jersey City

Journal (24 April 1923); [The Centenary of Mark Twain's

Birth, 1935], Fitzgerald Newsletter, No. 8, Winter, 1960; Letter

to Morton Kroll, (9 Aug. 1939), Andrew Turnbull (ed.), The

ll 1.

Letters ofF Scott Fitzgerald, (London, 1964), p. 593

HAMLIN GARIAND, 'Tributes to Mark Twain', North American

112.

Review, CXCI,June 1910, pp. 833-4

HENRYHARIAND, 'Mark Twain', Daily Chronicle, (London),

ll Dec. 1899

ll 3.

JOEL CHANDLER HARRIS,Julia Collier Harris, The Life and

114.

Letters ofJoel Chandler Harris, (London, 1919), pp. 168-9

ERNEST HEMINGWAY, Green Hills of Africa, (New York, 1935),

115.

pp. 22-3

LANGSTON HUGHES, 'Introduction' to Pudd'nhead Wilson,

(Bantam Books, New York, 1959), pp. vii-xiii

116.

WILLIAMJAMES, Letter toJosiah Royce, 18 Dec. 1892; Letter to

Francis Boot, 30Jan. 1893; Letter to HenryJames and

WilliamJames,Jr, Feb. 1907, HenryJames (ed.), The Letters of

William]ames, (Boston, 1920), I, pp. 333, 341-2, II, p. 264

117.

RUDYARD KIPLING, 'An Interview with Mark Twain', From Sea to

Sea, (London, 1900), pp. 182-98

118.

D. H. LAWRENCE, 'Max Havelaar, by E. D. Dekker (Multatuli,

pseud.) ', Edward D. McDonald (ed.), Phoenix: The Posthumous

Papers ofD. H. Lawrence, (London, 1936), pp. 236-9

ll9.

VACHEL LINDSAY, 'The Raft', The Chinese Nightingale and Other

Poems, (New York, 1917), pp. 71-4

120.

NORMAN MAILER, 'Huck Finn, Alive at 100', The New York Times

121.

Book Review, LXXXIX, 9 Dec. 1984, pp. 1, 36-7

EDGAR LEE MASTERS, Mark Twain: A Portrait, (New York, 1938),

pp.85-102,240-2

122.

W. SOMERSET MAUGHAM, 'The Classic Books of America', The

Saturday Evening Post, 6 Jan. 1940, pp. 29, 64-6

123.

H. L. MENCKEN, 'The Burden of Humor', Smart Set, Feb. 1913,

pp.151-4; 'The Man Within', Smart Set, Oct. 1919,

pp.139-43

124.

WRIGHT MORRIS, 'The Available Past: Mark Twain', The

Territory Ahead: Critical Interpretations of American Literature,

(New York, 1958), pp. 79-90; Foreword to Pudd'nhead Wilson,

(New American Library, New York, 1964), pp. vii-xvii

1. GEORGE ORWELL, 'Mark Twain-The Licensed Jester',

Tribune, 26 Nm·. 1943

2. '. S. PRITCHETT, 'Books in General', New Statesman and Nation,

CXIII, 2Aug. 1941, p.113

3. BERNARD SHAW, 'Mark Twain and Joan of Arc', Preface to

Stjoan, (New York, London, 1924), pp.xxv-xli

4. UPTON SINClAIR, 'The Uncrowned King', Mammonart: An

Essay in Eronomir Interpretation, (Pasadena, 1924), pp. 326-33

5. BOOTH TARKINGTON, 'Tributes to Mark Twain', North

American Review, CXCI,June 1910, pp. 830-1

6. ALLEN TATE, 'A Southern Mode of Imagination', (1959),

Essays a/Four Decades, (Chicago, 1968), pp. 577-92

7. BOOKER T. WASHINGTON, 'Tributes to Mark Twain', North

American Review, CXCI,June 1910, pp. 828-30

8. THOl'vU.S WOLFE, Letter to Sherwood Anderson, 22 Sept. 1937,

Elizabeth Nowell (ed.), Selected Letters of Thomas Wolfe,

(London, 1958),pp.283-6

9. ROBERT PE"1N WARREN, 'Mark Twain', The Southern Review,

VIII, Summer, 1972, pp. 459-92

10. HERMAN .'OUK, 'America's Voice is Mark Twain's', San

Francisco Chronicle, 5 Aug. 1956, p. 20

VOLUME III:

Critical Essays

'The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County' (1867)

11. S.J. KRAUSE, 'The Art and Satire of Twain's 'Jumping Frog"

Story', American Quarterl); XVI, Winter, 1964, pp. 562-76.

12. EDGAR M. BRANCH, '"My Voice is still for Setchell": A

Background Study of 'Jim Smiley and hisJumping Frog"',

PMLA, LXXXII, December 1967, pp. 591-601

The Innocents Abroad, or the New Pilgrim's Progress (1869)

13. LESLIE:. FIEDLER, 'An American Abroad', Partisan Review,

XXXIII, ''inter, 1966, pp. 77-91

14. ROBERT EDSON LEE, From Hes/ to East: Studies in the Literature of

the A.me1iran West, (Urbana and London, 1966), pp. 98-9

15. FORREST G. ROBI:S:SOl, 'Patterns of Consciousness in The

Innocents A.broad', A.11mira n Literature, L1II, March 1986,

pp. 46-63

Roughing It (1872)

16. HENRY NASH SMITH, 'Mark Twain as an Interpreter of the Far

West: The Structure of Roughing It'; in Walker D. Wyman and Clifton B. Kroebes (eds), The Frontier in Perspective, (Madison, 1957), pp. 206-27

17. LEE CLARK MITCHELL, 'Verbally Roughing It: The West of

Words', Nineteenth Century Literature, XLIV, June 1989, pp.67-92

18. TOM H. TOWERS, '"Hateful Reality": The Failure of the

Territory in Roughing It', Western American Literature, IX, May 1974,pp.3-15

The Gilded Age (1873)

19. PHILIPS. FONER, 'The Gilded Age'; from Mark Twain Social

Critic, (New York, 1958), pp. 110-34

20. JUSTIN D. KAPUN, Introduction to The Gilded Age,

(Washington Paperback Edition, Seattle and London, 1968)

'Old Times on the Mississippi' (1875)

Life on the Mississippi (1883)

21. PAUL SCHMIDT, 'River vs Town: Mark Twain's "Old Times on

the Mississippi"', Nineteenth Century Fiction, XV,June 1960, pp.95-111

22. DEWEYGANZEL, 'Twain, Travel Books, and Life on the

Mississippi', American Literature, XXXIV, March 1962, pp.40-55

23. MARILYN IANC-STER, 'Twain's Search for Reality in Life on the

MississipjJi, The Midwest Quarterly, XXXIII, Winter, 1992,

pp. 210-21

The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876)

24. HAMLIN L. HILL, 'The Composition and the Structure of Tom

Sawyer', American Literature, XXXIl,Jan. 1961, pp. 379-92

25. BERNARD DEVOTO, 'The Phantasy of Boyhood: Tom Sawyer';

from Mark Twain at Work, (Cambridge, Mass., 1942), pp. 3-24

26. TOM H. TOWERS, '"I Never Thought We Might Want to Come

Back": Strategies of Transcendence in Tom Sawyer', Modern Fiction Studies, XXI, Winter, 1975, pp. 509-20

27. CYNTHIA GRIFFIN WOLFF, 'The Adventures of Tom Sawyer: A

Nightmare Vision of American Boyhood', The Massachusetts Review, XXI, Winter, 1980, pp. 637-52

The Prince and the Pauper (1881-2)

28. FRANKLIN R. ROGERS, 'The Craft of the Novel'; from Mark

Twain's Burlesque Patterns, (Dallas, 1960), pp. 113-27

29. ROBERT REGAN, 'Dreams and Glory'; from Unpromising Heroes:

Mark Twain and His Characters, (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1966), pp. 143-54

30. LOUIS]. BL'DD, 'The Year of Jubilee'; from Our Mark Twain:

The Making of His Public Personality, (Philadelphia, 1983),

pp. 86-7

Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884-5)

31. LESLIE A. FIEDLER, 'Come Back to the RaftAg'in, Huck

Honey!', Partisan Review, XV, June 1948, pp. 269-76

32. LIONEL TRILLING, Introduction to The Adventures of Huckleberry

Finn, (Rinehart Editions, New York, 1948)

33. LEO MARX, 'Mr Eliot, Mr Trilling, and Huckleberry Finn', The

American Scholar, XXII, (Autumn, 1953), pp. 423-40

34. JAMES M. cox, 'Remarks on the Sad Initiation of Huckleberry

Finn', Swanee Review, LXII,July-Sept. 1954, pp. 389-405

35. WILLIAM 'AN O'CONNOR, 'Why Huckleberry Finn is not the

Great American Novel', College English, XVII, Oct. 1955,

pp. 6-10

36. WALTER BLAIR, 'When Was Huckleberry Finn Written?',

American Literature, XXX, March 1958, pp.1-25

37. LESLIE FIEDLER, 'Accommodation and Transcendence'; from

Love and Death in the American Novel, (New York, 1960), pp.567-74

38. A. E. DYSON, 'Huckleberry Finn and the Whole Truth', Critical

Quarter!); III, Spring, 1961, pp. 29-40

39. CHADV.1CKHANSEN, 'The Character of Jim and the Ending of

Hucklebe,-ry Finn', The Massachusetts Review, V, Autumn, 1963,

pp. 45-66

40. HAROLD BEA'ER, 'Run, Nigger, Run: Adventures of HucklebenJ

Finn as a FugitiYe SlaYe Narratiye' ,Journal of American Studies,

111, Dec. 1974, pp. 339-61

41. MILLICE:'T BELL, 'HucklebenJFinn:journey Without End',

Virginia Quarter(y Review, L111, Spring, 1982, pp. 253-67

42. JOHN H. WAUACE, 'Huckl,eberry Finn is Offensive', Washingt,on

Post, 11 April 1982

43. DAVID L. SMITH, 'Huck,Jim, and American Racial Discourse',

Mark Twain journal, XXII, Fall, 1984, pp. 4-12

44. ARNOLD RAMPERSAD, 'Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and

Afro-American Literature', Mark Twainjournal, XXII, Fall, 1984,pp.47-52

'A Private History of a Campaign that Failed' (1885)

45. J. STANLEY MATTSON, 'Mark Twain on War and Peace: The

Missouri Rebel and 'The Campaign that Failed'", American Quarterly, XX, Winter, 1968, pp. 783-94

A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (1889)

46. HOWARD G. BAETZHOLD, 'The Course of Composition of A

Connecticut Yankee: A Reinterpretation', American Literature,

XXXIII, May 1961, pp. 195-214

47. JUDITH FETTERLEY, 'Yankee Showman and Reformer: The

Character of Mark Twain's Hank Morgan', Texas Studies in Language and Literature, XIV, Winter, 1973, pp. 667-79

48. RICHARD s. PRESSMAN, 'A Connecticut Yankee in Merlin's

Cave. The Role of Contradiction in Mark Twain's Novel',

American Literary Realism: 1870-1910, XVI, Autumn, 1983,

pp. 58-72

The Tragedy of Pudd'nhead Wilson (1894)

49. LESLIE FIEDLER, 'As Free as Any Cretur .. .', The New Republic,

CXXXIII, 15 Aug. 1955, pp. 17-18; 22 Aug. 1955, pp. 16-18.

50. F. R. LEAVIS, Introduction to Zodiac Press Edition, (London,

1955)

51. STANLEYBRODWIN, 'Blackness and the Adamic Myth in Mark

Twain's Pudd 'nhead Wilson', Texas Studies in Literature and Language, XV, Spring, 1973, pp. 167-76

52. MYRAJEHLEN, 'The Ties that Bind: Race and Sex in

Pudd 'nhead Wilson', American Literary History, II, Spring, 1990,

pp. 39-55

Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc (1896)

53. ALBERT E. STONE,Jr, 'Mark Twain's Joan of Arc: The Child as

Goddess', American Literature, XXXI, March 1959, pp.1-20

54. CHRISTINA ZWARG, 'Woman as Force in Twain's Joan of Arc:

The Unwordable Fascination', Criticism, Winter, 1985, pp.57-72

Following the Equator, or More Tramps Abroad (1897)

55. MAX'v'ELLGEISMAR, 'Failure and Triumph'; in Mark Twain: An

American Prophet, (Boston, 1970), pp. 165-87

'The Man that Corrupted Hadleyburg' (1899)

56. St:SAN K. HARRIS,' "Hadleyburg": Mark Twain's Dual Attack on

Banal Theology and Banal Literature', American Literary Realism; 1870-1910, XVI, Autumn, 1983, pp. 240-52

What is Man? (1906)

57. SHERWOOD CUMMINGS, 'What is Man?: The Scientific

Sources'; in Sydney]. Krause (ed.), Essays on Determinism in American Literature (Kent State University Press, 1964),

pp. 108-16

The Mysterious Stranger (1916)

58. STANLEYBRODWIN, 'Mark Twain's Masks of Satan: The Final

Phase', American Literature, XLV, May 1973, pp. 206-27

VOLUME IV:

Twentieth-century Overview

The First Decade

59. lLLIAll LYO:-- PHELPS, ''.fark Twain', Xorth A111e1ican Review,

CLXXX',July 1907. pp. 540-8

60. STUARTP. SHERMAN, 'Mark Twain', Nation, XC, May 1910,

pp.477-80

61. ARCHIBALD HENDERSON, 'The International Fame of Mark

Twain', North American Review, CXCII, Dec. 1910, pp. 805-15

The Brooks-DeVoto Controversy

62. VAN WCK BROOKS, The Ordeal of Mark Twain, (New York, 1920;

revised, 1933)

63. BERNARD DEVOTO, Mark Twain's America, (Boston, 1932)

The Frontier and the West

64. CARL VANDOREN, 'The Fruits of the Frontier', Nation, CXI,

Aug. 1920, p. 189

65. VERNONL. PARRINGTON, 'The Backwash of the Frontier'; from

The Begi,nnings of Critical Realism, (New York, 1930),

pp. 86-101

66. GRANVILLE HICKS, 'A Banjo on My Knee'; from The Great

Tradition, (New York, 1933), pp. 39-49

67. ROBERT EDSON LEE, 'From West to East: Mark Twain'; from

.From West to East: Studies in the Literature of the American West,

(Urbana and London, 1966), pp. 82-6

68. STEPHEN FENDER, ''The Prodigal in a Far Country Chawing of

Husks": Mark Twain's Search for a Style in the West', The Modern Language Review, LXXI, Oct. 1976, pp. 737-56

Mark Twain's Humour

69. CONSTANCE ROURKE, from Native American Humor, (New York,

1931), pp. 211-20

70. JOHN c. GERBER, 'Mark Twain's Use of the Comic Pose',

PMLA, LXXVII,June 1962, pp. 297-304

71. HENRY NASH SMITH, 'Two Ways of Viewing the World'; from

Mark Twain: the Development of a Writer, (Cambridge, Mass., 1962),pp.1-11,20-1

72. D. E. S. MAXWELL, 'Twain as Satirist'; from American.Fiction: The

InteUectual Background, (London, 1963), pp. 192-235

73. JAMES M. COX, Mark Twain: The Fate of Humor; (Princeton, New

Jerse 1966),pp.18-24,60-7, 75,80-1, 103-4, 195-7

The South, Slavery and Race

74. ARLIN TURNER, 'Mark Twain and the South: An Affair of Love

and Anger', The Southern Review, IV, April 1968, pp. 493-519

75. ARTHUR G. PETTIT, 'Mark Twain's Attitude Towards the Negro

in the West, 1861-67', The Western Historical Quarterly, 1,Jan. 1970,pp.51-62

76. ARTHUR G. PETTIT, 'Mark Twain and the Negro',]ournal of

Negro Histor); LVI, April 1971, pp. 88-96

77. ARTHCR G. PETTIT, 'From Stage Nigger to Mulatto Superman:

The End of Nigger Jim and the Rise of Jasper'; from Mark Twain and the South, (Lexington, 1974), pp.158-73, 210-12

78. HELEN L. HARRIS, 'Mark Twain's Response to the Native

American', American Literature, XLVI,Jan. 1975, pp. 495-505

Mark Twain and Sexuality

79. ALEXA1..;DER E.JOKES, 'Mark Twain and Sexuality', PMlA,

LXXI, Sept. 1956, pp. 595-616

Mark Twain and Language

80. DA1D R. SE'ELL, '"A Lot of Rules": Mark Twain and Grammar'; from ivlark Twain's Languages: Discourse, Dialogue and Linguistir Variet); (Berkeley, Los Angeles, London, 1987),

pp. 15-36

Towards Conclusions

81. GL.illYS CARMEi: BELLMY, 'The Four "Bases" of Mark Twain's

Mind'; from ivlark Twain as a Litrrary Artist, (Norman, Oklahoma, 1950), pp. 55-64

82. RICHARD CHASE, 'Mark Twain and the :Tove!'; from The

A.merimn Novel and Its Tradition, (New York, 1957), pp. 139-56

83. DWIGHT MACDONALD, 'Mark Twain: An Lnsentimental

Journey', The New forlw; XXX1, 9 April 1960, pp. 160-96; reprinted in Against the Amerimn Grain, (:--;ew York, 1962), pp.80-122

84. 1-l. ILI'.':HILL, ,lark Twain: Cod'.,Fool, (:--;ewYork, 1973),

pp. xxv-xnii, 42-3, 77, 84-5, 89-90. 136-7, 269-74

85. Al.FRED KAZIN, 'Creature of Circumstances: Mark Twain';

from An American Procession, (New York, 1984), pp. 181-210

86. HAMLIN HILL, '½'ho Killed Mark Twain?', American Literary

Realism, 1870-1910, VII, Spring, 1974, pp. 119-24