| List of Figures | p. xi |
| Preface | p. xii |
| Acknowledgements | p. xvi |
| How to Think Logically | p. 1 |
| Validity and Soundness | p. 2 |
| Deduction and Induction | p. 7 |
| The Hardness of the Logical 'Must' | p. 9 |
| Formal Logic and Formal Validity | p. 10 |
| Identifying Logical Form | p. 14 |
| Invalidity | p. 17 |
| The Value of Formal Logic | p. 19 |
| A Brief Note on the History of Formal Logic | p. 23 |
| How to Prove that You Can Argue Logically #1 | p. 31 |
| A Formal Language for Formal Logic | p. 32 |
| The Formal Language PL | p. 34 |
| Arguments and Sequents | p. 42 |
| Proof and the Rules of Natural Deduction | p. 47 |
| Defining: 'Proof-in-PL' | p. 52 |
| Conditionals 1: MP | p. 53 |
| Conditionals 2: CP | p. 56 |
| Augmentation: Conditional Proof for Exam Purposes | p. 63 |
| Theorems | p. 65 |
| The Biconditional | p. 66 |
| Entailment and Material Implication | p. 69 |
| How to Prove that You Can Argue Logically #2 | p. 73 |
| Conditionals Again | p. 74 |
| Conditionals, Negation and Double Negation | p. 77 |
| Introducing Disjunction | p. 82 |
| vElimination | p. 86 |
| More on vElimination | p. 90 |
| Arguing Logically for Exam Purposes: How to Construct Formal Proofs | p. 94 |
| Reductio Ad Absurdum | p. 101 |
| The Golden Rule Completed | p. 106 |
| A Final Note on Rules of Inference for PL | p. 110 |
| Defining 'Formula of PL': Syntax, Structure and Recursive Definition | p. 114 |
| Examination 1 in Formal Logic | p. 118 |
| Formal Logic and Formal Semantics #1 | p. 121 |
| Syntax and Semantics | p. 122 |
| The Principle of Bivalence | p. 123 |
| Truth-Functionality | p. 125 |
| Truth-Functions, Truth-Tables and the Logical Connectives | p. 126 |
| Constructing Truth-Tables | p. 133 |
| Tautologous, Inconsistent and Contingent Formulas in PL | p. 141 |
| Semantic Consequence | p. 144 |
| Guide to Further Reading | p. 148 |
| Truth-Tables Again: Four Alternative Ways to Test for Validity | p. 151 |
| Semantic Equivalence | p. 160 |
| Truth-Trees | p. 163 |
| More on Truth-Trees | p. 167 |
| The Adequacy of the Logical Connectives | p. 177 |
| Examination 2 in Formal Logic | p. 185 |
| An Introduction to First Order Predicate Logic | p. 189 |
| Logical Form Revisited: The Formal Language QL | p. 190 |
| More on the Formulas of QL | p. 197 |
| The Universal Quantifier and the Existential Quantifier | p. 202 |
| Introducing the Notion of a QL Interpretation | p. 205 |
| Valid and Invalid Sequents of QL | p. 210 |
| Negation and the Interdefinability of the Quantifiers | p. 214 |
| How to Think Logically about Relationships: Part One | p. 217 |
| How to Think Logically about Relationships: Part Two | p. 222 |
| How to Think Logically about Relationships: Part Three | p. 224 |
| How to Think Logically about Relationships: Part Four | p. 228 |
| Formal Properties of Relations | p. 235 |
| Introducing Identity | p. 240 |
| Identity and Numerically Definite Quantification | p. 245 |
| Russell #1: Names and Descriptions | p. 249 |
| Russell #2: On Existence | p. 256 |
| Examination 3 in Formal Logic | p. 261 |
| How to Argue Logically in QL | p. 265 |
| Introduction: Formal Logic and Science Fiction | p. 266 |
| Reasoning with the Universal Quantifier 1: The Rule UE | p. 268 |
| Reasoning with the Universal Quantifier 2: The Rule UI | p. 273 |
| Introducing the Existential Quantifier: The Rule EI | p. 281 |
| A Brief Note on Free Logic | p. 287 |
| Eliminating the Existential Quantifier: The Rule EE | p. 292 |
| Reasoning with Relations | p. 303 |
| Proof-Theory for Identity: The Rules =I and =E | p. 310 |
| Strategies for Proof-Construction in QL #1 | p. 315 |
| Strategies for Proof-Construction in QL #2 | p. 320 |
| Examination 4 in Formal Logic | p. 330 |
| Formal Logic and Formal Semantics #2 | p. 333 |
| Truth-Trees Revisited | p. 334 |
| More on QL Truth-Trees | p. 347 |
| Relations Revisited: The Undecidability of First Order Logic | p. 357 |
| A Final Note on the Truth-Tree Method: Relations and Identity | p. 368 |
| Glossary | p. 375 |
| Bibliography | p. 399 |
| Index | p. 403 |
| Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved. |
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