Lithic Analysis

By: George H. Odell

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Paperback | 28 March 2006

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280 Pages

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22.23 x 15.24 x 1.91

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Stone tools constitute our earliest record of human material culture. As such, they have held a fascination since the earliest days of archaeological research. Procedures by which archaeological stone tools have been analyzed have traditionally operated on an apprenticeship model, whereby a novice acquires competency from an expert in the field. While this pedagogical model has been tried and tested, it is not always the most efficient method: it is labor intensive, and it requires a resident lithics expert. This practical volume does not intend to replace a mentor, but acts as a readily accessible guide to the basic tools of lithic analysis that a researcher can consult. Some focuses of the manual include: - History of stone tool research, Procurement, manufacture and function, Assemblage variability. This manual also includes text boxes, bringing basic terms and information to the attention of the researcher. Lithic Analysis will be an incomparable source for academic archaeologists, cultural resource and heritage management archaeologists, government heritage agencies, and upper-level undergraduate and graduate students of archaeology focused on the prehistoric period.

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Non-Fiction Archaeology Archaeological Science, Methodology & Techniques Sociology & Anthropology Anthropology Social & Cultural Anthropology, Ethnography History Regional & National History European History

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Hardcover

Published: 31st December 2003

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History of Stone Tool Research	p. 1
Procurement	p. 2
Tool Manufacture	p. 3
Assemblage Variability	p. 6
Tool Use	p. 7
Behavioral Questions	p. 9
Perspectives	p. 11
Procurement	p. 13
Formation of Rock	p. 15
Igneous Rocks	p. 15
Sedimentary Rocks	p. 17
Metamorphic Rocks	p. 20
Summary	p. 21
Geomorphic Processes	p. 21
Defining the Problem	p. 24
Is This Material Local?	p. 24
What is the Source of the Material?	p. 26
Visual Characterization	p. 28
Hand Specimens	p. 28
Petrographic Techniques	p. 31
Geochemical Techniques	p. 32
Neutron Activation Analysis	p. 33
X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis	p. 34
PIXE and Similar Techniques	p. 35
Other Instrumental Types of Analysis	p. 37
General Remarks	p. 41
Tool Manufacture	p. 43
Fracture Mechanics	p. 45
General Principles	p. 45
Types of Fracture	p. 47
Fracture Features	p. 53
Types of Flaking and Flakers	p. 58
Percussion Flaking	p. 58
Pressure Flaking	p. 61
Primary and Secondary Modifica tion	p. 62
Primary Modification	p. 62
Secondary Modification	p. 64
Ground Stone	p. 74
Manufacture-Ground Specimens	p. 75
Use-Ground Specimens	p. 78
Analyzing Ground Stone Tools	p. 80
Assemblage Variability	p. 87
Detecting Vectors of Information	p. 88
Raw Material	p. 89
Technology: Basic Partitioning	p. 90
Technology: Distinguishing Trajectories	p. 91
Morphology: Characterizing Shape	p. 103
Function	p. 110
Comparing Assemblages	p. 110
Comparing Class Structure	p. 110
Comparing Specific Classes	p. 113
Analyzing Unretouched Debris	p. 118
Individual Flake Analysis	p. 121
Mass Analysis	p. 130
Summary	p. 132
Tool Function	p. 135
Use-Wear Analysis	p. 136
Background	p. 136
Techniques	p. 139
Summary	p. 152
Residue Analysis	p. 156
Plant Remains	p. 156
Blood Residues	p. 165
Summary	p. 172
Encountering Prehistoric Behavior	p. 175
Subsistence	p. 176
Food Procurement	p. 176
Food Processing	p. 181
Shelter, Facilities and Clothing	p. 188
Structures and Facilities	p. 188
Clothing	p. 189
Organization of Mobility and Technology	p. 190
Tool Design	p. 191
Raw Material Procurement, Supply, and Use	p. 193
Complex Societies	p. 202
Production of Surplus Goods	p. 203
Material Replacement	p. 214
Concluding Remarks	p. 217
References	p. 219
Index	p. 247
Table of Contents provided by Rittenhouse. All Rights Reserved.

Lithic Analysis

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Paperback

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You Can Find This Book In

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