| Preface | p. vii |
| Acknowledgments | p. xi |
| Contributors | p. xiii |
| Liquid Crystals: A Unique Phase of Matter | p. 1 |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| Calamitic thermotropic liquid crystals | p. 2 |
| Discotic liquid crystals | p. 6 |
| Polymer liquid crystals | p. 9 |
| Lyotopic liquid crystals | p. 12 |
| Basic Properties of Liquid Crystals | p. 15 |
| Surface anchoring conditions | p. 16 |
| Dielectric anisotropy | p. 17 |
| Optical anisotropy | p. 19 |
| Elasticity | p. 20 |
| Basic liquid Crystal configurations | p. 21 |
| Optical modeling | p. 22 |
| Viscosity | p. 23 |
| Eutectic mixtures | p. 23 |
| Non-planar confinement | p. 24 |
| Applications | p. 26 |
| Liquid crystal display configurations | p. 26 |
| Ferroelectric liquid crystals | p. 43 |
| Reflective mode cholesteric LCDs | p. 47 |
| Liquid crystal polymer dispersions | p. 49 |
| Rotating configurations | p. 58 |
| Grating Applications | p. 59 |
| Discotic Applications | p. 61 |
| Thin film polarizers | p. 61 |
| Compensation films | p. 63 |
| Photovoltaic discotic liquid crystals | p. 65 |
| Electron transport in discotic liquid crystals | p. 65 |
| Liquid crystal nanotubes | p. 67 |
| Conclusion | p. 68 |
| Bibliography | p. 71 |
| Medical Displays | p. 81 |
| Introduction | p. 81 |
| Display Technology for Medical Imaging Systems | p. 85 |
| Cathode ray tubes | p. 86 |
| Liquid crystal displays | p. 87 |
| Display Device Metrics | p. 89 |
| Luminance | p. 90 |
| Contrast ratio | p. 93 |
| Grayscale | p. 94 |
| Resolution | p. 95 |
| Color | p. 97 |
| Viewing angle | p. 99 |
| Veiling glare | p. 106 |
| Uniformity | p. 108 |
| Integrated Medical Imaging Systems | p. 109 |
| Optimization of Displays for Medical Applications | p. 109 |
| Image Processing | p. 111 |
| 3-D displays | p. 112 |
| Passive barrier 3-D displays | p. 113 |
| 3-D displays based on lenticular lenses | p. 115 |
| Luminance modulated 3-D displays | p. 118 |
| Active barrier 3-D displays | p. 119 |
| Field-sequential LCD 3-D displays | p. 120 |
| Volumetric 3-D displays | p. 122 |
| Liquid Crystal Thermography | p. 123 |
| Future Outlook | p. 128 |
| Head mounted displays | p. 129 |
| Projection displays | p. 131 |
| Acousto-optic liquid crystal sensors | p. 132 |
| Flexible displays | p. 133 |
| Conclusion | p. 134 |
| Bibliography | p. 137 |
| Liquid Crystals in Spectroscopy, Microscopy and Hyperspectral Imaging | p. 149 |
| Introduction | p. 149 |
| Diffraction Gratings and Tunable Filter Spectrometers | p. 153 |
| Dispersive devices | p. 153 |
| Nondispersive devices | p. 157 |
| Acousto-optic tunable filters | p. 160 |
| Liquid crystal tunable filters | p. 162 |
| Hyperspectral imaging in medicine | p. 175 |
| Raman imaging with liquid crystals | p. 182 |
| Fourier Transform Spectrometers | p. 184 |
| Operation and advantages | p. 184 |
| Michelson-based FT spectrometers | p. 186 |
| Liquid crystal Fourier transform spectrometers | p. 187 |
| Applications in medicine | p. 197 |
| Polarimeters and Polarization Microscopy | p. 197 |
| Polarimetry and polarization microscopy | p. 197 |
| Stokes parameters and the Mueller matrix | p. 199 |
| Liquid crystals in polarimeters | p. 201 |
| Polarimetric imaging and spectro-polarimeters | p. 203 |
| Liquid crystals in polarization microscopy | p. 205 |
| Polarimetry and polarization imaging in biology | p. 208 |
| Liquid Crystals Spatial Light Modulation in Microscopy | p. 210 |
| Phase contrast and interference microscopy | p. 210 |
| Scanning microscopy | p. 213 |
| Liquid crystal shutters in microscopy | p. 217 |
| Liquid crystal SLM in optical trapping | p. 217 |
| Liquid crystal SLM in adaptive optics | p. 219 |
| Conclusion | p. 223 |
| Bibliography | p. 225 |
| Liquid Crystal Biosensors | p. 241 |
| Background and Introduction | p. 241 |
| Scope of the problem | p. 244 |
| Engineering a solution | p. 245 |
| Current Diagnostic Techniques | p. 247 |
| Molecular diagnostics and microfluidics | p. 249 |
| Quartz crystal microbalance assays | p. 251 |
| Non-liquid crystal optical techniques | p. 253 |
| Basic Biological Concepts | p. 256 |
| Phospholipids | p. 256 |
| Free surface interactions and surface anchoring | p. 257 |
| Liquid crystal confinement | p. 258 |
| Biosensors using Liquid Crystal Technology | p. 259 |
| Background - interfaces | p. 260 |
| Liquid crystal biocompatibility | p. 263 |
| Other techniques for liquid crystal biosensors | p. 267 |
| Imaging of protein immobilization | p. 269 |
| Virus detection using liquid crystals | p. 282 |
| Bacterial detection using liquid crystals | p. 285 |
| Conclusion | p. 286 |
| Bibliography | p. 289 |
| Liquid Crystal Lasers | p. 297 |
| Introduction | p. 297 |
| Dye Laser Systems and Photonic Crystals | p. 301 |
| The distributed feedback laser | p. 301 |
| Organic laser dyes and dye laser systems | p. 303 |
| Photonic crystals | p. 307 |
| Liquid Crystal Lasers | p. 310 |
| Experimental setup for lasing | p. 311 |
| Cholesteric liquid crystals | p. 312 |
| Other liquid crystal configurations | p. 335 |
| Liquid crystals in distributed feedback lasers | p. 348 |
| Liquid Crystal Lasers in Biology and Medicine | p. 351 |
| Lasing in biology | p. 352 |
| Lasing in medicine | p. 357 |
| Conclusion | p. 360 |
| Bibliography | p. 361 |
| Biomimicking with Liquid Crystals | p. 375 |
| Introduction | p. 375 |
| Color | p. 377 |
| Structural color in nature | p. 378 |
| Liquid crystal structural color biomimicking | p. 387 |
| Anti-reflection | p. 396 |
| Anti-reflection layers in nature | p. 396 |
| Anti-reflection using liquid crystals | p. 398 |
| Lenses | p. 400 |
| Biological lenses | p. 401 |
| Liquid crystal lenses | p. 403 |
| Biotemplating | p. 409 |
| Biomimetic Patterning | p. 412 |
| Optical patterning techniques | p. 412 |
| Mechanical-patterning techniques | p. 421 |
| Natural Occuring Liquid Crystalline Phases | p. 426 |
| Conclusion | p. 427 |
| Bibliography | p. 429 |
| Actuators and Delivery Systems | p. 441 |
| Introduction | p. 442 |
| Liquid Crystal Polymer Materials | p. 444 |
| Main-chain and side-chain liquid crystal polymers | p. 444 |
| Reactive mesogens | p. 444 |
| Elastomers | p. 453 |
| Gels and hydrogels | p. 459 |
| Carbon nanotube doped materials | p. 465 |
| Actuators | p. 467 |
| Muscles | p. 468 |
| Heart valves | p. 469 |
| Other actuator applications | p. 471 |
| Drug Delivery Systems | p. 473 |
| Drug delivery systems with elastomers | p. 473 |
| Drug delivery systems with hydrogels | p. 474 |
| Liquid Crystalline Contact Lenses | p. 476 |
| Conclusion | p. 477 |
| Bibliography | p. 479 |
| Index | p. 489 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
