List of Contributors xiii
Preface xx
1 White Biotechnology: Impeccable Role in Sustainable Bioeconomy 1
Anuj Kumar Chandel, Jesus J. Ascencio, Akhilesh K. Singh, Ruly T. Hilares, Lucas Ramos, Rishi Gupta, Yeruva Thirupathaiah, and Sridevi Jagavati
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Biomass Feedstock: Types and Composition 3
1.3 Biomass Pretreatment: An Overview and State- of- the- Art 4
1.4 Lignocellulosic Sugar Production 5
1.5 Production of Ethanol and Biodiesel 8
1.6 Drop- in Renewable Biofuels: Green Hydrocarbons 11
1.7 Global Scenario of the Biofuel Industry 12
1.8 Economic Outcomes 14
1.9 Sustainability and Biorefinery 16
1.10 Conclusion 16
2 Lignocellulose Feedstock Availability, Types of Feedstocks, and New Designer Crops 24
V. Guadalupe Bustos, R. Daniel Trujillo, C. Linda M. Martinez, and S. Rodolfo Torres
2.1 Introduction 24
2.2 Lignocellulosic Biomass 25
2.3 Biomass Conversion Pathways 29
2.4 Different Types of Biomass Available in Mexico 36
2.5 Conclusion 42
3 Lignocellulose Bioconversion: Technical Aspects and New Developments 55
J Gamboa- Santos and A Alzamendi
3.1 Introduction 55
3.2 Lignocellulosic (LC) Biomass Composition 56
3.3 Biorefinery Concept in the Era of Sustainable Circular Economy 57
3.4 Biorefinery Treatments 58
3.5 New Innovative Technologies and Developments 67
3.6 Final Remarks 74
4 An Evaluation of Steam Explosion Pretreatment to Enhance the Digestibility of Lignocellulosic Biomass 83
Bhima Bhukya and Praveen K. Keshav
4.1 Introduction 83
4.2 Mode of Action and Types of Steam Explosion Pretreatment 86
4.3 Factors Affecting the Steam Explosion Pretreatment 87
4.4 Various Post- pretreatment Approaches to Improve Saccharification of Steam Exploded Biomass 91
4.5 Summary and Conclusions 91
5 The Role of Plant Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes in Biorefinery Development 99
Katarina R. Mihajlovski and Marija D. Miliae
5.1 Introduction 99
5.2 Lignocellulosic Biomass— the Plant Cell Wall 100
5.3 The Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes 101
5.4 Cellulases in a Biorefinery Development 102
5.5 Microbial Fermentations for Cellulase Production 121
5.6 Conclusion 124
6 Microbial Production of Biobased Chemicals: Improvements and Challenges 136
Luana Assis Serra, Debora Trichez, Clara Vida G. C. Carneiro, Leticia M. Mallmann Ferreira, Paula F. Franco, and João Ricardo M. Almeida
6.1 Introduction 136
6.2 Challenges in Developing Microorganisms for Lignocellulosic Sugar Utilization 138
6.3 Relevant Biobased Chemicals from Biomass 141
6.4 Microbial Products from Sugar Fermentation 145
6.5 Conclusion 165
7 Molecular Biology Based Innovations in Lignocellulose Biorefinery 177
Nilesh Kumar Sharma and Mohit Bibra
7.1 Introduction 177
7.2 Lignocellulosic Biomass Potential 178
7.3 Biomass Pretreatment 178
7.4 Different Approaches to Enhance Xylose Utilization 183
7.5 Conclusion and Future Prospects 192
8 Recent Developments in Synthetic Biology and their Role in Uplifting Lignocellulose Bioeconomy 203
Nayanika Sarkar, Adhinarayan Vamsidhar, Pratham Khaitan, and Samuel Jacob
8.1 Introduction 203
8.2 Synthetic Biology Routes for Cellulose Degradation in Lignocellulosic Biomass 209
8.3 Synthetic Biology Routes for the Production of Low- value and High- value Alcohols 213
8.4 Conclusion 217
9 Lignocellulose Bioconversion through Chemical Methods, Platform Chemicals, and New Chemicals 221
Manoela Martins, Patricia F. Avila, Marcos Fellipe da Silva, Allan Henrique Felix de Melo, Alberto M. Moura Lopes, and Rosana Goldbeck
9.1 Introduction 221
9.2 Lignocellulosic Biomass 222
9.3 Pretreatment and Fractionation of Lignocellulosic Materials 223
9.4 Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass 229
9.5 Biorefinery—Biobased Chemicals Platform 233
10 Lignin Conversion through Biological and Chemical Routes 248
Marcos H. L. Silveira, Alain E. M. Mera, Anuj Kumar Chandel, and Eduardo A. Ribeiro
10.1 Introduction 248
10.2 Conclusions 255
11 Downstream Processing in Lignocellulose Conversion: Current Challenges and Future Practices 261
Kelly J. Dussan, Debora D. V. Silva, Ana F. M. Costa, Luana C. Grangeiro, and Ellen C. Giese
11.1 Introduction 261
11.2 Challenges and Perspectives Encompassing Circular Economy 263
11.3 Improving Lignocellulose Conversion for Future Bioeconomy 267
11.4 Industry 4.0: Advanced Technologies for the Biorefinery Platform 274
11.5 Conclusions 280
12 Scale- up Process Challenges in Lignocellulosic Biomass Conversion and Possible Solutions to Overcome the Hurdles 289
Henrique M. Baudel, Danielle Matias Rodrigues, Eduardo Diebold, and Anuj Kumar Chandel
12.1 Introduction 289
12.2 Lignocellulosic Conversion Processes and Engineering: Challenges and Possible Solutions 293
12.3 Ethanol from Eucalyptus Wastes 304
12.4 Ethanol and Xylitol Production from Sprinkled Sugarcane Straw 307
12.5 Conclusions and Remarks 309
13 Techno- economic Analysis of Bioconversion of Woody Biomass to Ethanol 312
Deepak Kumar, Anuj Kumar Chandel, and Lakhveer Singh
13.1 Introduction 312
13.2 Techno- economic Analysis 313
13.3 Bioconversion of Woody Biomass to Ethanol 315
13.4 Techno- economic Analysis of Woody Biomass to Ethanol 320
13.5 Integrated TEA and life cycle assessment (LCA) 323
13.6 Conclusions 325
14 Environmental Indicators, Life Cycle Analysis and Ecological Perspective on Biomass Conversion 330
Andreza A. Longati, Ediane S. Alves, Simone C. Myoshi, Andrew M. Elias, Felipe F. Furlan, Everson A. Miranda, and Roberto C. Giordano
14.1 Introduction 330
14.2 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) 334
14.3 New Brazilian National Biofuel Policy (RenovaBio): A Case Study for Sugarcane Distilleries 338
14.4 Process Systems Engineering Tools for Biomass LCA 341
14.5 Retro Techno- economic Environmental Analysis 343
15 Green Consumerism and Role in Uplifting Lignocellulose Bioeconomy 351
BS Dhanya
15.1 Introduction 351
15.2 Lignocellulosic Biomass and its Contribution in Bioeconomy 352
15.3 Lignocellulosic Bioeconomy and its Sustainability in the World 356
15.4 Green Consumerism and its Upsurge in the Lignocellulosic Bioeconomy 359
15.5 Challenges in Green Consumerism 361
15.6 Future Prospects 363
15.7 Conclusion 363
16 Going Green: Achieving the Circular Economy with Sustainable Biorefineries, Process Scale- Up, and Fermentation Optimization 367
Sreenivas R. Ravella, David N. Bryant, Phil J. Hobbs, Ana Winters, David J. Warren- Walker, and Joe Gallagher
16.1 Introduction 367
16.2 Sustainable Biorefineries and Supply Chain Aspects 368
16.3 Pretreatment of Biomass Using Pilot- Scale Steam Explosion Rigs 370
16.4 Taguchi Methodology for Process Optimization 372
16.5 Process Automation 372
16.6 Microbial Adaptation, Evolution, and Diversity for Process Optimization 381
16.7 Final Remarks and Conclusions 387
Acknowledgements 388
References 388
Index 398
