Lecture Notes in Computer Science

The CHOROCHRONOS Approach

By: Manolis Koubarakis (Editor), Timos Sellis (Editor), Andrew U. Frank (Editor)

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Paperback | 4 August 2003

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A summary of research carried out in the CHOROCHRONOS Project, established as an EC-funded Training and Mobility Research Network with the objective of studying the design, implementation, and application of spatio-temporal database management systems.

The nine coherent chapters by leading research groups are written in a tutorial style, making the research contributions of the project accessible to a wider audience interested in spatio-temporal information processing. Following an introductory overview, the book presents chapters on ontologies for spatio-temporal databases, conceptual models, spatio-temporal models and languages, access methods and query processing, architectures and implementation of spatio-temporal DBMS, interactive spatio-temporal documents, and future perspectives.

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Introduction	p. 1
Why Spatio-temporal Databases?	p. 1
Chorochronos	p. 2
Contributions	p. 3
Organization of the Book	p. 4
References	p. 5
Ontology for Spatio-temporal Databases	p. 9
Introduction	p. 9
Ontology to Drive Information System Design	p. 11
Ontological Problems of Geographic Information Systems and Other Spatio-temporal Information Systems	p. 12
Structure of the Chapter	p. 13
The Notion of Ontology	p. 13
Classical View	p. 13
Social Reality	p. 14
Application Domains	p. 15
Table-Top Situation	p. 16
Cityscape	p. 17
Geographic Landscape	p. 18
Model of Information Systems	p. 19
Information Systems as Vehicles of Exchange between Multiple Agents	p. 20
Correctness of Information System Related to Observations	p. 21
Semantics for Terms in Information Systems	p. 22
Grounding of Semantics in Physical Operations	p. 23
The Five Tiers of the Ontology	p. 24
Physical Reality Seen as an Ontology of a Four-Dimensional Field	p. 24
Observation of Physical Reality	p. 25
Operations and Ontology of Individuals	p. 26
Social Ontology	p. 29
Ontology of Cognitive Agents	p. 30
The Language to Describe the Ontology	p. 30
Tools to Implement Ontologies	p. 32
Multi-agent Systems and Formalization of Database Ontologies	p. 35
Ontological Tier 0: Ontology of the Physical Reality	p. 36
Properties	p. 37
Physical Space-Time Field	p. 38
Ontological Tier 1: Our Limited Knowledge of the World through Observations of Reality	p. 38
Observations	p. 38
Measurement Units	p. 40
Classification of Values	p. 41
Special Observations: Points in Space and Time	p. 42
Approximate Location	p. 44
Discretization and Sampling	p. 46
Virtual Datasets: Validity of Values	p. 47
Ontological Tier 2: Representation - World of Individual Objects	p. 48
Objects Are Defined by Uniform Properties	p. 49
Geometry of Objects	p. 49
Properties of Objects	p. 52
Geographic Objects Are not Solid Bodies	p. 52
Objects Endure in Time	p. 52
Temporal, but A-Spatial Objects	p. 56
Ontological Tier 3: Socially Constructed Reality	p. 57
Social Reality Is Real within a Context	p. 57
Names	p. 58
Institutional Reality	p. 59
Ontological Tier 4: Modeling Cognitive Agents	p. 61
Logical Deduction	p. 61
Two Time Perspectives	p. 62
Sources of Knowledge	p. 63
Ontological Commitments Necessary for a Spatio-temporal Database	p. 64
Existence of a Single Reality	p. 64
Values for Properties Can Be Observed	p. 64
Assume Space and Time	p. 64
Observations Are Necessarily Limited	p. 64
Processes Determine Objects	p. 65
Names of Objects	p. 65
Social, Especially Institutionally Constructed Reality	p. 65
Knowledge of an Agent Is Changing in Time	p. 65
Conclusions	p. 66
References	p. 67
Conceptual Models for Spatio-temporal Applications	p. 79
Motivation	p. 79
Spatio-temporal Foundations	p. 80
Spatio-temporal Entity-Relationship Model	p. 82
Extending the ER with Spatio-temporal Constructs	p. 82
A Textual Notation for STER	p. 91
Example of Usage of STER	p. 93
Spatio-temporal Unified Modeling Language	p. 95
Using UML Core Constructs for Spatio-temporal Data	p. 95
Overview of Extended Spatio-temporal UML	p. 99
Basic Constructs: Spatial, Temporal, Thematic	p. 99
Additional Constructs: Specification Box, Existence Time, and Groups	p. 109
Example of Usage	p. 110
Related Work	p. 111
Conclusions	p. 114
References	p. 114
Spatio-temporal Models and Languages: An Approach Based on Data Types	p. 117
Introduction	p. 117
The Data Type Approach	p. 119
Motivation	p. 119
Modeling	p. 121
Some Example Queries	p. 123
Some Basic Issues	p. 125
An Abstract Model: A Foundation for Representing and Querying Moving Objects	p. 129
Spatio-temporal Data Types	p. 129
Language Embedding of Abstract Data Types	p. 133
Overview of Data Type Operations	p. 134
Operations on Non-temporal Types	p. 135
Operations on Temporal Types	p. 140
Application Example	p. 145
Summary	p. 146
A Discrete Model: Data Structures for Moving Objects Databases	p. 146
Overview	p. 146
Definition of Discrete Data Types	p. 149
Outlook	p. 160
Spatio-temporal Predicates and Developments	p. 160
Spatio-temporal Partitions	p. 164
On a Spatio-temporal Relational Model Based on Quanta	p. 167
Spatio-temporal Statement Modifiers	p. 170
References	p. 174
Spatio-temporal Models and Languages: An Approach Based on Constraints	p. 177
Introduction	p. 177
Representing Spatio-temporal Information Using Constraints	p. 179
An Algebra for Relations with Constraints	p. 181
Indefinite Information in Spatio-temporal Databases	p. 183
Querying Indefinite Information	p. 186
Beyond Flat Constraint Relations: The dedale Approach	p. 190
The dedale Algebra	p. 192
The User Query Language of dedale	p. 194
The Syntax	p. 195
Example Queries	p. 196
Conclusions	p. 198
References	p. 199
Access Methods and Query Processing Techniques	p. 203
Introduction	p. 203
R-Tree-Based Methods	p. 204
Preliminary Approaches	p. 204
The Spatio-bitemporal R Tree	p. 207
The Time-Parameterized R Tree	p. 212
Trajectory Bundle	p. 217
Quadtree-Based Methods	p. 221
The MOF Tree	p. 222
The MOF+-Tree	p. 225
Overlapping Linear Quadtrees	p. 227
Multiversion Linear Quadtree	p. 231
Data Structures and Algorithms for the Discrete Model	p. 236
Data Structures	p. 236
Two Example Algorithms	p. 239
Benchmarking and Data Generation	p. 244
Benchmarking	p. 244
Data Generation	p. 246
Distribution and Optimization Issues	p. 248
Distributed Indexing Techniques	p. 248
Query Optimization	p. 251
Related Work	p. 253
Conclusions	p. 255
References	p. 255
Architectures and Implementations of Spatio-temporal Database Management Systems
Introduction	p. 263
Architectural Aspects	p. 263
The Layered Architecture	p. 264
The Monolithic Architecture	p. 266
The Extensible Architecture	p. 266
Commercial Approaches to Spatial-temporal Extensions	p. 267
The Concert Prototype System	p. 270
Introduction	p. 270
Architecture	p. 270
Spatio-temporal Extensions	p. 272
Implementation Details	p. 275
Case Studies	p. 276
The Secondo Prototype System	p. 279
Introduction	p. 279
Second-Order Signature	p. 280
Architecture	p. 283
Implementing Spatio-temporal Algebra Modules	p. 288
The Dedale Prototype System	p. 290
Introduction	p. 290
Interpolation in the Constraint Model: Representation of Moving Objects	p. 291
Architecture	p. 292
Implementation Details	p. 293
Example of Query Evaluation	p. 294
The Tiger Prototype System	p. 297
Introduction	p. 297
Architecture	p. 297
Spatio-temporal Extensions	p. 298
Tiger's Implementation	p. 300
Processing Queries Using External Modules-Case Study	p. 302
The GeoToolKit Prototype System	p. 303
Introduction	p. 303
Architecture	p. 304
Spatio-temporal Extensions	p. 305
Implementation Details	p. 308
CaseStudies	p. 309
Conclusions	p. 310
References	p. 313
Advanced Uses: Composing Interactive Spatio-temporal Documents	p. 319
Introduction	p. 319
Interactive Presentations and Spatio-temporal Databases	p. 320
Modeling the Components of Spatio-temporal Interactive Documents	p. 321
Particularities of 3D-Spatio-temporal Modeling for ScenarioComponents	p. 321
Meta-modeling	p. 322
Temporal Semantics	p. 325
3D-Spatial Semantics	p. 327
3D-Spatio-temporal Semantics	p. 328
Modeling of Spatio-temporal Behavior	p. 330
Modeling Interaction with Events	p. 330
Database Support for Scenario Components	p. 335
Querying and Accessing Stored Components	p. 336
A Global Architecture	p. 338
Examples of Applications	p. 338
Related Work	p. 340
Conclusions	p. 343
References	p. 344
Spatio-temporal Databases in the Years Ahead	p. 345
Introduction	p. 345
Mobile and Wireless Computing	p. 345
Data Warehousing and Mining	p. 346
The Semantic Web	p. 346
Conclusions	p. 346
References	p. 347
List of Contributors	p. 349
Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved.

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

The CHOROCHRONOS Approach

At a Glance

Paperback

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