| Remote Sensing Methods in the Atmosphere | p. 1 |
| Lidar: An Overview | p. 3 |
| Introduction | p. 3 |
| Backscatter Lidar (Rayleigh-Mie-Lidar) | p. 4 |
| DIAL | p. 7 |
| Raman Lidar | p. 11 |
| Doppler-Lidar | p. 14 |
| Outlook | p. 15 |
| References | p. 16 |
| Application Perspectives of Intense Laser Pulses in Atmospheric Diagnostics | p. 19 |
| Introduction | p. 19 |
| Interaction of Intense Laser Pulses With Air - Detection of Gases | p. 21 |
| Interaction of Intense Laser Pulses with Microdroplets - Characterization of Aerosols | p. 24 |
| Outlook | p. 31 |
| References | p. 32 |
| Analysis of Three Dimensional Aerosol Distributions by Means of Digital Holography | p. 35 |
| Abstact | p. 35 |
| Introduction | p. 35 |
| Digital Holography | p. 36 |
| Storage of the Digital Hologram | p. 36 |
| Digital Reconstruction of the Stored Volume | p. 37 |
| Development of an Aerosol Analysis Aystem on the Basis of Digital Holography | p. 38 |
| Analysis of Digitally Reconstructed Droplets | p. 41 |
| Recognition of Droplets, Determination of Localization and Size | p. 41 |
| Results | p. 43 |
| Field Campaign FELDEX 2000 | p. 44 |
| Discussion | p. 45 |
| Acknowledgement | p. 46 |
| References | p. 47 |
| Applications in Liquid and Solid States | p. 49 |
| Laser-Based Analysis of Solids with Environmental Impact | p. 51 |
| Introduction | p. 51 |
| Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy | p. 53 |
| Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Mineral Oils in Soils | p. 54 |
| DDT on Wood | p. 55 |
| Pesticides on Leaves | p. 59 |
| Rock Identification | p. 59 |
| Conclusion | p. 59 |
| Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy | p. 60 |
| Recycled Thermoplastics from Consumer Electronics Waste | p. 61 |
| Inorganic Wood Preservatives | p. 62 |
| Transformation of Spatial in Pseudo-Temporal Resolution | p. 63 |
| Multi-Element Detection of Pollutants in Soil | p. 64 |
| Combination Technique: LIBS-LIF | p. 64 |
| Conclusion | p. 65 |
| Vibrational Spectroscopy | p. 65 |
| Infrared Spectroscopy | p. 66 |
| Raman Spectroscopy | p. 66 |
| Laser Ablation, Laser Desorption, Laser Ionization | p. 67 |
| Mass Spectrometry | p. 67 |
| Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry | p. 68 |
| Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry | p. 68 |
| Resonance Enhanced Multi-Photon Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry | p. 68 |
| Laser-based Ion Mobility Spectrometry | p. 69 |
| Organic Wood Preservatives | p. 70 |
| Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soils | p. 71 |
| Photo- and Optoacoustic Spectroscopy | p. 71 |
| PCP Detection on Wood | p. 72 |
| Determination of the Optical Properties of Human Skin | p. 72 |
| Other Techniques and Outlook | p. 73 |
| References | p. 74 |
| Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) Spectroscopy for the In Situ Analysis of Petroleum Product-Contaminated Soils | p. 79 |
| Introduction | p. 79 |
| Experimental Techniques | p. 81 |
| The LIF demonstrator unit | p. 81 |
| The mobile LIF spectrometer OPTIMOS | p. 82 |
| Investigated petroleum products and soil samples | p. 83 |
| Results and Discussion | p. 84 |
| Photophysical properties of the petroleum products | p. 84 |
| LIF spectroscopic investigations of oil-spiked samples | p. 89 |
| LIF spectroscopic investigations of real-world soils | p. 92 |
| Field investigations | p. 93 |
| Conclusions | p. 95 |
| Acknowledgment | p. 96 |
| References | p. 97 |
| Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) in Environmental and Process Analysis | p. 99 |
| Introduction | p. 99 |
| Plasma Generation | p. 100 |
| Spectrochemical Analysis with Laser Plasmas | p. 104 |
| Instrumentation | p. 108 |
| Applications in Environmental and Process Analysis | p. 112 |
| Solid Samples | p. 112 |
| Liquid Samples and Colloids | p. 114 |
| Gaseous Samples and Aerosols | p. 115 |
| Conclusion and Outlook | p. 117 |
| References | p. 118 |
| Intracavity-, Laser-Desorption- and Cavity Ring-Down Techniques as Detection Devices for Samples in Condensed Phases | p. 125 |
| An Intracavity Laser Raman Detection Device for HPLC Chromatography | p. 125 |
| Experimental Approach | p. 126 |
| Results | p. 128 |
| Laser Desorption Spectroscopy | p. 130 |
| Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy of the Condensed Phase | p. 131 |
| Introduction | p. 131 |
| Current Status of the Development of Condensed Phase CRDS | p. 133 |
| Further Developments of Mirror Coated Thin Film CRDS | p. 133 |
| Improved Sensitivity of Detection by Utilizing the Dependence of Absorption on the Spatial Position of the Ultrathin Layer in the Electromagnetic Wave | p. 136 |
| Extension of Our Method to Liquids | p. 137 |
| Acknowledgements | p. 139 |
| References | p. 139 |
| Application of Two-Dimensional LIF for the Analysis of Aromatic Molecules in Water | p. 141 |
| Introduction | p. 141 |
| Hardware | p. 142 |
| Overview | p. 142 |
| Laser | p. 143 |
| Detection System I | p. 145 |
| Detection System II | p. 146 |
| Current development | p. 147 |
| Optimised Sensor Geometry | p. 148 |
| Data processing and Calibration | p. 150 |
| Introduction | p. 150 |
| PLS-Calibration | p. 150 |
| Applications | p. 151 |
| Acknowledgements | p. 160 |
| References | p. 161 |
| Applications for Gaseous Substances and Aerosols | p. 163 |
| Chemical Analysis with Multi-Dimensional and On-Line Selectivity Using Laser Spectroscopy Combined with Mass or Species Separation | p. 165 |
| Introduction | p. 165 |
| Resonant Laser Mass Spectrometry | p. 166 |
| Laser-assisted Selective Detection in Chromatography | p. 170 |
| Two-Dimensional Selectivity by Absorption/Emission Spectroscopy | p. 173 |
| Laser-Assisted Analysis of Solid Samples | p. 178 |
| Diode Lasers: A Step Toward Miniaturization of Laser-Based Chemical Analysis? | p. 184 |
| References | p. 188 |
| Rapid Analysis of Complex Mixtures by Means of Resonant Laser Ionization Mass Spectrometry | p. 193 |
| Introduction | p. 193 |
| Principles of Laser Ionization Mass Spectrometry | p. 194 |
| Resonant Multiphoton Ionization | p. 194 |
| Time-of-flight mass spectrometry | p. 198 |
| Laser desorption | p. 200 |
| Application Examples | p. 201 |
| On-line exhaust gas analysis | p. 201 |
| Soil Analysis | p. 209 |
| Conclusion | p. 216 |
| Acknowledgement | p. 218 |
| References | p. 219 |
| Diode-Laser Sensors for In-Situ Gas Analysis | p. 223 |
| Absorption Spectroscopy | p. 223 |
| Mid-Infrared Diode-Laser Spectrometers | p. 226 |
| Near-Infrared Overtone Spectrometer | p. 235 |
| Quantum Cascade Lasers | p. 237 |
| Quantum Limited Spectroscopy | p. 240 |
| References | p. 242 |
| Applications in Life Science | p. 245 |
| Laser Analytics of Gas Samples in Life Science | p. 247 |
| Introduction | p. 247 |
| Sources of Biological Gas Samples | p. 248 |
| Composition of exhaled breath | p. 249 |
| Other biological sources of gaseous emissions | p. 252 |
| Instrumentation for Laser Analytics of Breath and Other Biological Gas Samples | p. 253 |
| Sample collection and preparation | p. 253 |
| Laser spectroscopic techniques | p. 255 |
| Application of Breath Tests | p. 259 |
| Monitoring of endogenous volatile diseasemarkers in breath | p. 259 |
| Use of stable isotope markers for medical and pharmaceutical research | p. 262 |
| Conclusion and Perspectives | p. 263 |
| References | p. 264 |
| Detection of Nitric Oxide in Human Exhalation Using Laser Magnetic Resonance | p. 269 |
| Free Radical Spectroscopy, a Challenge for Sensitive Detection | p. 269 |
| Applied Spectroscopy using the LMR Method | p. 274 |
| Dynamic Behaviour of NO in Exhalation | p. 274 |
| Blood Pressure Regulating NO | p. 278 |
| In-Vitro Investigations using LMR | p. 280 |
| Applications in Pharmacology | p. 280 |
| Future Development, Smaller and Simpler | p. 280 |
| Acknowledgements | p. 281 |
| References | p. 282 |
| Medical Trace Gas Detection by Means of Mid-Infrared Cavity Leak-Out Spectroscopy | p. 283 |
| Introduction | p. 283 |
| The CO-Overtone Spectrometer | p. 284 |
| Demonstration of Medical Applications with the CO-Overtone Spectrometer | p. 287 |
| Oxidative Stress | p. 287 |
| Measurements on Smokers | p. 288 |
| Further Applications | p. 289 |
| Transportable Setup (DFG Laser) | p. 290 |
| Outlook | p. 292 |
| Acknowledgement | p. 293 |
| References | p. 293 |
| Practical Applications of CRDS in Medical Diagnostics | p. 297 |
| Introduction | p. 297 |
| Cavity Ring-down Spectroscopy | p. 297 |
| Applications | p. 303 |
| Helicobacter Pylori Detection | p. 303 |
| Analysis of the Exhaled Breath in Smokers | p. 308 |
| Summary | p. 310 |
| References | p. 311 |
| Photoacoustic Trace Gas Detection in Plant Biology | p. 313 |
| Introduction | p. 313 |
| The CO Overtone Laser Photoacoustic Spectrometer | p. 314 |
| Characterization of the spectrometer | p. 315 |
| Comparison of acetaldehyde detection with PAS and HPLC | p. 316 |
| New Radiation Sources for PA Detection | p. 317 |
| Photoacoustic detection with an optical parametric oscillator | p. 317 |
| Application to Plant Physiology | p. 318 |
| Ethylene and ethane from freezing damage | p. 319 |
| Ethane and pentane from germinating peas | p. 320 |
| Acetaldehyde emission from flooded poplar trees | p. 321 |
| Summary | p. 322 |
| Acknowledgement | p. 322 |
| References | p. 323 |
| DNA Adducts as Biomarkers for Carcinogenesis Analysed by Capillary Electrophoresis and Laser-Induced-Fluorescence Detection | p. 325 |
| Significance of DNA Adducts | p. 325 |
| Methods for Analyzing DNA Adducts | p. 327 |
| Reproducibility, Fluorescence-Quenching Phenomenon and Labeling Efficiency | p. 334 |
| Sensitivity | p. 335 |
| References | p. 336 |
| Index | p. 339 |
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