Fundamentals of Language and Cognitive Processes provides comprehensive and interdisciplinary exploration of the intricate relationship between language and underlying cognitive mechanisms. This work examines how human brains process, produce, and comprehend language across diverse contexts. Coverage includes foundational theories, examines online thinking processes, memory systems, attention, and executive functions supporting language use. The book integrates cognitive psychology, neuroscience, and linguistics perspectives, exploring language development, processing, and disorders. Topics address sentence comprehension, word recognition, discourse understanding, and meaning construction. The work examines language disorders from cognitive perspectives. Designed for students across communication, psychology, and cognitive science disciplines, this resource develops understanding of language cognition fundamentals and mechanisms underlying human language competence and use. Practical examples and research findings illustrate cognitive principles.