Meet our author team vi
About This Resource ix
Acknowledgements xvi
SkillBuilder summary
Hass Concepts and Skills
1 HASS concepts and skills 1
1.1 Overview 2
1.2 Key concepts and skills in HASS 4
1.3 SkillBuilder: Identifying what you need to know 10
1.4 SkillBuilder: Collecting, recording and organising information 15
1.5 SkillBuilder: Selecting relevant information 22
1.6 SkillBuilder: Identifying patterns and relationships 27
1.7 SkillBuilder: Translating information 35
1.8 SkillBuilder: Forming conclusions 39
1.9 SkillBuilder: Evaluating the impact of a decision 43
1.10 SkillBuilder: Representing information in oral presentations 46
1.11 SkillBuilder: Developing effective texts through argument paragraphs 50
1.12 SkillBuilder: Reflecting on your learning 53
1.13 Review 56
Civics and Citizenship
2 Civics and Citizenship concepts and skills 59
2.1 Overview 60
2.2 Civics and Citizenship concepts and skills 62
2.3 SkillBuilder: Using the deconstructreconstruct method 68
2.4 SkillBuilder: Developing argument paragraphs 70
2.5 SkillBuilder: Writing and conducting a survey 74
2.6 SkillBuilder: Delivering an oral presentation 78
2.7 Review 81
3 Freedom and democracy 85
3.1 Overview 86
3.2 Our democratic rights and freedoms 88
3.3 How we form a government 92
3.4 How citizens participate in Australia¢s democracy 99
3.5 Inquiry: Does Australia need a bill of rights? 103
3.6 Review 105
4 Law and order 109
4.1 Overview 110
4.2 Statutes: Making laws through parliament 112
4.3 Common law: Making law through the courts 115
4.4 Types of law: Criminal and civil law 120
4.5 Customary law in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities 124
4.6 Young people and the law 129
4.7 Inquiry: Western Australian court case investigation 134
4.8 Review 136
Economics and Business
5 Economics and Business concepts and skills 141
5.1 Overview 142
5.2 Economics and Business concepts and skills 144
5.3 SkillBuilder: Investigating 150
5.4 SkillBuilder: Interpreting and explaining supply and demand graphs 151
5.5 SkillBuilder: Evaluating using a cost¢"benefit analysis 153
5.6 SkillBuilder: Writing a business pitch 155
5.7 Review 157
6 Australia¢s mixed market economy 161
6.1 Overview 162
6.2 The key economic questions 164
6.3 Demand and supply in the market 169
6.4 The Australian taxation system 172
6.5 The role of the government in the economy 178
6.6 Inquiry: How would you tax the Australian public? 183
6.7 Review 184
7 Work and financial decision-making 187
7.1 Overview 188
7.2 Why people work and how they earn money 190
7.3 Factors that influence consumer and financial decisions 198
7.4 Budgeting for financial goals 203
7.5 Rights and responsibilities of consumers and businesses 209
7.6 Inquiry: Consumer and financial decision-making 216
7.7 Review 218
Geography
8 Geographical concepts and skills 223
8.1 Overview 224
8.2 Geographical concepts and skills 226
8.3 SkillBuilder: Reading contour lines on a map 234
8.4 SkillBuilder: Drawing simple cross-sections 237
8.5 SkillBuilder: Constructing a field sketch 242
8.6 SkillBuilder: Drawing a pr©cis map 246
8.7 SkillBuilder: Reading and describing basic choropleth maps
8.8 SkillBuilder: Comparing populationpyramids
8.9 SkillBuilder: Creating and reading compound bar graphs
8.10 SkillBuilder: Recognising land features
8.11 SkillBuilder: Using latitude and longitude
8.12 SkillBuilder: Calculating distance using scale
8.13 SkillBuilder: Interpreting an aerial photo
8.14 SkillBuilder: Understanding thematic maps
8.15 SkillBuilder: Drawing a line graph using Excel
8.16 SkillBuilder: Using positional language
8.17 SkillBuilder: Creating and describing complex overlay maps
8.18 SkillBuilder: Creating and reading pictographs
8.19 SkillBuilder: Describing photographs
8.20 SkillBuilder: Constructing a basic sketch map
8.21 Review 255
9 Landforms, landscapes and hazards 259
9.1 Overview 260
9.2 Different types of landscapes 262
9.3 Coastal landscapes ¢" the role of erosion and deposition 267
9.4 Rivers shaping landscapes 273
9.5 Australian landforms 278
9.6 Rainforests, grasslands and deserts 285
9.7 Underground landscapes 293
9.8 The cultural and spiritual significance of landscapes 297
9.9 Plate tectonics 303
9.10 Earthquakes and tsunamis 307
9.11 Volcanoes 313
9.12 Investigating topographic maps ¢" Mount Taranaki, New Zealand 320
9.13 Inquiry: Supervolcano report 324
9.14 Review 326
10 Changing nations 333
10.1 Overview 334
10.2 What is migration? 336
10.3 International migration to Australia 340
10.4 Internal migration in Australia 348
10.5 Inquiry: A migration story 352
10.6 Urbanisation in Australia 354
10.7 Urbanisation in Indonesia 359
10.8 Investigating topographic maps ¢" Jakarta 364
10.9 Review 366
History
11 Historical concepts and skills 371
11.1 Overview 372
11.2 Historical concepts and skills 374
11.3 SkillBuilder: Historical questions 382
11.4 SkillBuilder: Chronology 384
11.5 SkillBuilder: Perspective 388
11.6 SkillBuilder: Using historical sources 393
11.7 SkillBuilder: Continuity and change
11.8 Review 396
12 Medieval Europe 399
12.1 Overview 400
12.2 How do we know about medieval Europe? 402
12.3 The key features of the feudal system 407
12.4 Life for people in the feudal system 411
12.5 Medieval castles 415
12.6 Warfare in the Middle Ages 418
12.7 The growth of towns 422
12.8 Crime and punishment in medieval times 426
12.9 The power and authority of the Church 431
12.10 The power of the written word 434
12.11 Inquiry: The Magna Carta 438
12.12 The changing relations between Islam, Christianity and Judaism 440
12.13 The Black Death 443
12.14 How did plague spread? 447
12.15 Responses to the Black Death 454
12.16 How did the Black Death change society? 459
12.17 From Medieval times to the Early Modern World 463
12.18 The Scientific Revolution and other changes 466
12.19 Inquiry: How does an event impact different societies? 470
12.20 Review 472
13 The Industrial Revolution 479
13.1 Overview 480
13.2 How do we know about the Industrial Revolution? 482
13.3 How did the Industrial Revolution begin and develop? 485
13.4 How did changes in agriculture result in changes in society? 491
13.5 Key developments and technology 498
13.6 Why coal and iron were so vital 506
13.7 The importance of investment 510
13.8 The impact of new transport 514
13.9 Working conditions in mines and factories 520
13.10 Treatment of the poor and unemployed 525
13.11 Working conditions for children 529
13.12 Social unrest, protests and riots 533
13.13 The Industrial Revolution and the slave trade 538
13.14 New ideas for society 546
13.15 Inquiry: What was it like to grow up in an industrial town? 553
13.16 Review 554
Glossary 559
Index 569
