How to use the Jacaranda Humanities Alive resource suite xii
Acknowledgements xv
History 1
1 Historical skills and concepts 3
1.1 Overview 3
1.2 Why we study history 4
1.3 Historical skills 6
1.4 Ages, time and chronology 11
1.5 Detective work and archaeology 14
1.6 Dating historical evidence 18
1.7 Perspectives and empathy 19
1.8 SkillBuilder: Sequencing events in chronological order Online only
1.9 Review Online only
2 From the ancient to the modern world 24
2.1 Overview 24
2.2 Examining the evidence 26
2.3 People on the move 29
2.4 Religions on the move 33
2.5 A different way of life 36
2.6 Rulers, religion and the changing map of medieval Europe 39
2.7 Migrations, invasions and empires in Asia 44
2.8 Population, cities and trade 48
2.9 Muslim traders and Africa 50
2.10 The emerging power of western Europe 53
2.11 Portuguese and Spanish voyages of discovery 56
2.12 Vasco da Gama opens the East 59
2.13 Consequences of the discoveries 62
2.14 SkillBuilder: Explaining different historical interpretations Online only
2.15 Thinking Big research project: Time travel brochure Online only
2.16 Review Online only
3 The Vikings (c. 790–1066) 69
3.1 Overview 69
3.2 Examining the evidence 71
3.3 Scandinavia before the Viking Age 73
3.4 The Viking homelands 75
3.5 Viking society 79
3.6 Early Viking religion 83
3.7 Viking longships 87
3.8 Viking weaponry 89
3.9 Viking invasions and settlements 92
3.10 Viking explorers, settlers and traders 94
3.11 The spread of Christianity 97
3.12 Harald Bluetooth: Viking king of Denmark 99
3.13 The Battle of Hastings and the end of the Viking Age 102
3.14 Heritage of the Vikings: governing Iceland in the Viking Age 105
3.15 SkillBuilder: Interpreting sources on the Vikings Online only
3.16 Thinking Big research project: Write a Viking saga Online only
3.17 Review Online only
4 Medieval Europe (c.590–1500) 110
4.1 Overview 110
4.2 Examining the evidence 112
4.3 The impact of the ‘barbarian’ invasions 114
4.4 Early medieval Christianity 117
4.5 The feudal system 121
4.6 Life on the manor for men, women and children 123
4.7 The knight 126
4.8 Medieval warfare 129
4.9 Castles 131
4.10 The power of the medieval Church 134
4.11 Monasteries and convents 136
4.12 The Crusades 139
4.13 The Age of Faith 142
4.14 Towns and trades 146
4.15 Living conditions and medical science in the fourteenth century 148
4.16 The Black Death 153
4.17 How did the Black Death change society? 157
4.18 The Peasants’ Revolt 160
4.19 Joan of Arc 163
4.20 The heritage of medieval Europe 167
4.21 SkillBuilder: Interpreting medieval art as sources Online only
4.22 Thinking Big research project: Festival of Lost Trades Online only
4.23 Review Online only
5 The Ottoman Empire (c. 1299–1683) 173
5.1 Overview 173
5.2 Examining the evidence 175
5.3 Origins of the Empire 177
5.4 The golden age of Islam 182
5.5 The beginnings of the Ottoman Empire 185
5.6 The Black Death and the Ottoman Empire 188
5.7 The fall of Constantinople 193
5.8 Suleiman the Magnificent 199
5.9 Life in the Ottoman Empire 203
5.10 Ottoman art, architecture and literature 208
5.11 SkillBuilder: Evaluating Ottoman Empire sources Online only
5.12 Thinking Big research project: Ottoman Empire documentary Online only
5.13 Review Online only
6 Angkor and the Khmer Empire (c. 802–1431) 214
6.1 Overview 214
6.2 Examining the evidence 216
6.3 Environment and peoples 218
6.4 The historical setting 221
6.5 The rise of Angkor and the Khmer Empire 224
6.6 Religious beliefs and values 228
6.7 Khmer society 232
6.8 Angkor’s buildings 236
6.9 Decline and fall: the historical debate 239
6.10 Legacies of the Khmer Empire 242
6.11 SkillBuilder: Making your own notes to analyse relevant sources Online only
6.12 Thinking Big research project: Khmer Empire costume and set design Online only
6.13 Review Online only
7 Mongol expansion (c. 1206–1368) 250
7.1 Overview 250
7.2 Examining the evidence 252
7.3 Life in imperial China before the Mongol conquest 254
7.4 The Mongol people and their land 259
7.5 The rise of Temujin 263
7.6 The Mongol army 266
7.7 Mongol rule — the Yuan dynasty 271
7.8 Culture and beliefs at the khan’s court 274
7.9 The travels of Marco Polo 279
7.10 Defeat of the Mongol Empire 282
7.11 The Mongol legacy 285
7.12 SkillBuilder: Analysing different perspectives Online only
7.13 Thinking Big research project: The Mongol expansion show Online only
7.14 Review Online only
8 Japan under the shoguns (c. 794–1867) 290
8.1 Overview 290
8.2 Examining the evidence 292
8.3 Ancient and Classical Japan 296
8.4 The rise of the shoguns 300
8.5 Challenges to shogunate rule 303
8.6 The Tokugawa shogunate 307
8.7 Japanese feudal society 311
8.8 The samurai 315
8.9 The role of women 319
8.10 Arts and culture 323
8.11 Land use under the Tokugawa shoguns 327
8.12 Foreign devils 331
8.13 Emperor Meiji and modern Japan 336
8.14 SkillBuilder: Analysing cause and effect Online only
8.15 Thinking Big research project: Shinto and Buddhism guidebook Online only
8.16 Review Online only
9 Polynesian expansion across the Pacific (c 700–1756) 343
9.1 Overview 343
9.2 Examining the evidence 345
9.3 The Polynesian triangle 347
9.4 Rapa Nui 350
9.5 Discovery of the land of the long white cloud 353
9.6 Maori society — an overview 357
9.7 People and the environment 361
9.8 Living in a Maori village 366
9.9 Customs and culture 367
9.10 SkillBuilder: Making your own notes from sources Online only
9.11 Thinking Big research project: Polynesian travel show Online only
9.12 Review Online only
10 Renaissance Italy (c. 1400–1600) 374
10.1 Overview 374
10.2 Examining the evidence 376
10.3 The origins of the Renaissance 378
10.4 Florence: the cradle of the Renaissance 380
10.5 Venice: the serene republic 385
10.6 Renaissance society 388
10.7 Artistic stars of the Renaissance 392
10.8 The spread of the Renaissance 396
10.9 A scientific revolution 398
10.10 The Reformation and Counter-Reformation 402
10.11 Legacies of the Renaissance 405
10.12 SkillBuilder: Evaluating historical significance Online only
10.13 Thinking Big research project: Renaissance online magazine Online only
10.14 Review Online only
11 The Spanish conquest of the Americas (c. 1492–1572) 411
11.1 Overview 411
11.2 Examining the evidence 413
11.3 The Aztecs before Spanish arrival 415
11.4 Columbus and the New World 420
11.5 Cortes, the conquistadors and the Aztecs 424
11.6 New Spain 429
11.7 Slavery in the New World 432
11.8 The impact and legacy of colonisation 437
11.9 SkillBuilder: Evaluating roles and achievements Online only
11.10 Thinking Big research project: Spanish conquest exhibition Online only
11.11 Review Online only
Geography 445
12 Geographical skills and concepts 447
12.1 Overview 447
12.2 Work and careers in Geography 448
12.3 Concepts and skills used in Geography 449
12.4 Review Online only
Unit 1 Landforms and Landscapes 459
13 Introducing landforms and landscapes 460
13.1 Overview 460
13.2 Different types of landscapes 461
13.3 SkillBuilder: Recognising land features Online only
13.4 The processes that shape landscapes 464
13.5 Underground landscapes 470
13.6 Australian landforms 473
13.7 Landforms of the Pacific 479
13.8 SkillBuilder: Using positional language Online only
13.9 Cultural significance of landscapes 483
13.10 Preserving and managing landscapes 488
13.11 Thinking Big research project: Karst landscape virtual tour Online only
13.12 Review Online only
14 Landscapes formed by water 493
14.1 Overview 493
14.2 Landscapes formed by water 494
14.3 Coastal erosion 496
14.4 Which coastal landforms are created by deposition? 499
14.5 Managing coasts 502
14.6 Indigenous use of coastal environments 505
14.7 Comparing coastal landforms 506
14.8 How do I undertake coastal fieldwork? 508
14.9 SkillBuilder: Constructing a field sketch Online only
14.10 How does water form river landscapes? 511
14.11 Managing river landscapes 515
14.12 Landscapes formed by ice 518
14.13 SkillBuilder: Reading contour lines on a map Online only
14.14 Thinking Big research project: Coastal erosion animation Online only
14.15 Review Online only
15 Desert landscapes 524
15.1 Overview 524
15.2 What is a desert? 525
15.3 SkillBuilder: Using latitude and longitude Online only
15.4 How the climate forms deserts 528
15.5 The processes that shape desert landforms 533
15.6 Characteristics of Australia’s deserts 537
15.7 SkillBuilder: Calculating distance using scale Online only
15.8 How did Lake Mungo become dry? 540
15.9 How people use deserts 543
15.10 Antarctica — a cold desert 545
15.11 Thinking Big research project: Desert travel brochure Online only
15.12 Review Online only
16 Mountain landscapes 553
16.1 Overview 553
16.2 How mountains are formed 554
16.3 The world’s mountains and ranges 562
16.4 SkillBuilder: Drawing simple cross-sections Online only
16.5 How people use mountains 566
16.6 Earthquakes and tsunamis 569
16.7 Volcanic mountains 582
16.8 SkillBuilder: Interpreting an aerial photo Online only
16.9 How do volcanic eruptions affect people? 589
16.10 Thinking Big research project: Earthquakes feature article Online only
16.11 Review Online only
17 Rainforest landscapes 596
17.1 Overview 596
17.2 Rainforest characteristics 597
17.3 SkillBuilder: Creating and describing complex overlay maps Online only
17.4 Changing rainforest environments 602
17.5 SkillBuilder: Drawing a precis map Online only
17.6 Indigenous peoples and the rainforest 609
17.7 Disappearing rainforests 613
17.8 Social and environmental impacts of deforestation 615
17.9 Saving and preserving rainforests 620
17.10 Thinking Big research project: Rainforest display Online only
17.11 Review Online only
Fieldwork inquiry: Local water catchment study Online only
Unit 2 Changing Nations 626
18 Urbanisation and people on the move 627
18.1 Overview 627
18.2 Urbanisation around the world 628
18.3 Australian urbanisation 630
18.4 SkillBuilder: Understanding thematic maps Online only
18.5 Comparing urbanisation in the United States and Australia 640
18.6 Effects of international migration on Australia 644
18.7 SkillBuilder: Creating and reading pictographs Online only
18.8 People on the move in Australia and China 652
18.9 SkillBuilder: Comparing population profiles Online only
18.10 Thinking Big research project: Multicultural Australia photo essay Online only
18.11 Review Online only
19 Our changing urban world 660
19.1 Overview 660
19.2 Urban areas and their effects on people 661
19.3 SkillBuilder: Describing photographs Online only
19.4 Cities and megacities of the world 670
19.5 Causes and effects of Indonesia’s urban growth 676
19.6 SkillBuilder: Creating and reading compound bar graphs Online only
19.7 Characteristics of cities around the world 681
19.8 Creating sustainable cities 691
19.9 Sustainable cities in Australia 695
19.10 SkillBuilder: Constructing a basic sketch map Online only
19.11 Thinking Big research project: One day in Jakarta, one day in New York City Online only
19.12 Review Online only
20 Managing and planning Australia’s urban future 703
20.1 Overview 703
20.2 Characteristics of sustainable cities 704
20.3 Sustainability of growing urban communities 706
20.4 SkillBuilder: Reading and describing basic choropleth maps Online only
20.5 Managing our suburbs 710
20.6 Managing traffic 713
20.7 SkillBuilder: Drawing a line graph using Excel Online only
20.8 Sustainable cities 719
20.9 Planning for a sustainable and liveable future 724
20.10 Thinking Big research project: Electric vehicle report Online only
20.11 Review Online only
Geographical inquiry: Investigating an Asian megacity Online only
Civics and Citizenship 731
21 Rights, freedoms, democracy and the law 733
21.1 Overview 733
21.2 Protecting our rights and freedoms 734
21.3 Freedom of speech and other democratic freedoms 738
21.4 Dissent in a democracy and taking direct action 747
21.5 SkillBuilder: Questioning and research Online only
21.6 Taking part in the democratic process 753
21.7 The role of members of parliament 758
21.8 Lobby and pressure groups 761
21.9 SkillBuilder: Communication and reflection Online only
21.10 How parliaments make laws 767
21.11 How courts make laws 770
21.12 Criminal law and civil law 774
21.13 SkillBuilder: Group consensus Online only
21.14 Customary law in Indigenous communities 777
21.15 Thinking Big research project: A bill of rights for Australia? Online only
21.16 Review Online only
22 Influences on Australian society and national identity 784
22.1 Overview 784
22.2 Traditional and changing views of Australian identity 785
22.3 Indigenous influences on Australian national identity 788
22.4 Belonging to a new country — migrant experiences 792
22.5 SkillBuilder: Delivering an oral presentation Online only
22.6 Religion in Australia 794
22.7 The influence of religion on Australian society 799
22.8 SkillBuilder: Deconstruct/reconstruct method Online only
22.9 Thinking Big research project: My family’s identity Online only
22.10 Review Online only
Economics and Business 803
23 The market system, government, and consumer protection 805
23.1 Overview 805
23.2 Participants in the market system 806
23.3 Different types of markets 811
23.4 Key economic questions for business 817
23.5 Government involvement in the market 822
23.6 SkillBuilder: Contesting and debating ideas Online only
23.7 Legal protection of consumer rights 828
23.8 Business competition protects consumers 833
23.9 Keeping consumers safe 838
23.10 SkillBuilder: Questioning and research Online only
23.11 Thinking Big research project: Please stop calling Online only
23.12 Review Online only
24 Business decisions 845
24.1 Overview 845
24.2 The three main ways to own a business 846
24.3 Alternative ways to own a business 849
24.4 Opportunities for businesses 853
24.5 Responding to opportunities in the market 857
24.6 SkillBuilder: Cost-benefit analysis Online only
24.7 Thinking Big research project: Pitch a business idea Online only
24.8 Review Online only
25 The changing work environment 864
25.1 Overview 864
25.2 Influences on work today 865
25.3 The significance of technology 869
25.4 Changes to the workforce 872
25.5 Work in the future 880
25.6 SkillBuilder: Analysis and interpretation of data Online only
25.7 Thinking Big research project: Impacts of technology poster Online only
25.8 Review Online only
Glossary 889
Index 903
