| Dedication | p. iii |
| Contributors | p. iv |
| Acknowledgments | p. xi |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| A Brief Introduction to Machinery Monitoring | p. 3 |
| Why Do We Monitor Machines? | p. 3 |
| Assessing Process Machinery | p. 5 |
| Monitoring Systems | p. 6 |
| Medical Monitoring Analogy | p. 9 |
| Some Basic Advice | p. 11 |
| General Machinery Monitoring Guidance | p. 13 |
| Where to Start? | p. 13 |
| When Should a Machine Be Considered Critical Enough to Justify Continuous Monitoring? | p. 29 |
| Machinery Monitoring Recommendations Based on Criticality | p. 30 |
| Simplified Method of Economic Justification | p. 32 |
| Machinery Assessment Steps | p. 37 |
| The Machinery Assessment Maze | p. 38 |
| What machine information do I need before getting started? | p. 39 |
| What analysis equipment do I need? | p. 39 |
| The Potential to Failure Time Interval | p. 40 |
| Machinery Data Analysis | p. 43 |
| Pattern Recognition | p. 43 |
| Trends | p. 44 |
| Correlations | p. 52 |
| Combination Trends | p. 57 |
| Some Rules of Thumb | p. 60 |
| How to Audit Operating Machinery | p. 61 |
| Field Audit Form | p. 62 |
| Risk Ranking Machinery Issues | p. 69 |
| Recommendations and Risk Ratings | p. 70 |
| How to Assess Centrifugal - Pump Performance | p. 75 |
| Why Use Centrifugal Pumps? | p. 75 |
| Head Versus Pressure | p. 77 |
| Centrifugal Pump Performance | p. 80 |
| Summary | p. 88 |
| How to Conduct a Steam Turbine Field Inspection | p. 91 |
| Steam Turbine Types | p. 92 |
| What is the Steam Turbine Speed Telling You? | p. 93 |
| Assessing Steam Turbine Vibrations | p. 94 |
| Steam Turbine Temperature Assessment | p. 95 |
| Common Governor Control Problems | p. 95 |
| Other Inspections | p. 98 |
| Good Rules of Thumb for Steam Turbines | p. 100 |
| AC Electric Motors | p. 103 |
| Introduction | p. 103 |
| Controls | p. 105 |
| Instrumentation | p. 105 |
| The Effects of Voltage Unbalance | p. 106 |
| Insulation Classes and Their Thermal Ratings | p. 108 |
| Re-greasing Electric Motors | p. 109 |
| Unique Vibration Characteristics of Electric Motors | p. 111 |
| Notes About Motors | p. 111 |
| Useful Electric Motor Formulas and Tables | p. 112 |
| Allowable Piping Vibration and Dynamic Strain | p. 115 |
| Dynamic Strain and Stress Guidelines | p. 120 |
| Data Collection Tips | p. 121 |
| Common Types of Field Sensors | p. 121 |
| What Vibration Sensor Should I Use? | p. 122 |
| What Are the Components of Vibration? | p. 123 |
| Guidelines for Accelerometer Usage | p. 124 |
| Accelerometer Measurement Locations | p. 124 |
| Vibration Analysis Tips | p. 127 |
| Machine Vibration Severity Guides | p. 129 |
| Velocity Guidelines | p. 129 |
| Acceleration Guidelines | p. 139 |
| Vibration Guidelines for Displacement, Velocity, and Acceleration | p. 140 |
| Vibration Guidelines for Displacement Measurements in Fluid Film Bearings | p. 142 |
| Vibration Guidelines for Reciprocating Compressors and Engines | p. 147 |
| Basic Vibration Analysis Part I | p. 153 |
| Common Machinery Problems Associated with Vibration | p. 154 |
| Basic Vibration Analysis Part II | p. 159 |
| Vibration Analysis Terms and Tables | p. 159 |
| Examples of Real Vibration Spectra | p. 166 |
| Detection of Machinery Faults Using Utrasonics | p. 171 |
| Monitoring Bearing and Lubrication Condition | p. 171 |
| Monitoring Reciprocating Machinery | p. 173 |
| Other Applications | p. 174 |
| Dynamic Pressure Measurements | p. 175 |
| Pressure Transducer Installation | p. 175 |
| Piezoelectric Transducers | p. 177 |
| Allowable Pulsation Levels for Reciprocating Compressors | p. 177 |
| Allowable Pulsation Levels for Reciprocating Pumps | p. 179 |
| How to Identify Machinery, Piping, and Acoustic Resonances | p. 181 |
| Rotor Critical Speeds | p. 181 |
| Identifying Piping Resonances | p. 182 |
| Identifying Critical Speeds and Resonances | p. 185 |
| The Quality Factor or Q | p. 187 |
| Temperature Limits | p. 191 |
| How Do Infrared Thermometers Work? | p. 191 |
| Bearing Temperature Trending | p. 192 |
| Bearing Temperature Guidelines | p. 195 |
| Compressor Temperature Monitoring | p. 198 |
| K Values for Common Gases | p. 202 |
| Lubrication | p. 203 |
| Introduction | p. 203 |
| Lubrication Overview | p. 204 |
| Key Steps to a Cost-Effective and Reliable Lubrication Program | p. 211 |
| Oil Analysis Limits and Targets | p. 215 |
| Cleanliness Codes | p. 218 |
| Machinery Rules of Thumb | p. 225 |
| Alignment | p. 225 |
| Balancing | p. 227 |
| Static Shaft Bow | p. 229 |
| Mechanical Seal Misalignment Guidelines | p. 230 |
| Journal Bearing Clearance | p. 230 |
| Piping Guidelines | p. 231 |
| Centrifugal Pump Wear Rings | p. 233 |
| Lean Equipment Compliance | p. 235 |
| Applying TPM to Industrial Equipment | p. 237 |
| Applying Poka-Yoke | p. 238 |
| Management Audit and Follow-Up | p. 239 |
| Glossary of Lean Equipment Compliance (LEC) Terms | p. 240 |
| Final Thoughts | p. 243 |
| Importance of Adding Value | p. 243 |
| Keys to a Successful Machinery Assessment Program | p. 244 |
| Ethics and Intellectual Dishonesty | p. 248 |
| Go Forth and Analyze | p. 248 |
| Glossary of Machinery Assessment Terms | p. 249 |
| Useful Conversions and Equations | p. 267 |
| Index | p. 273 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
