Introductory Circuit Analysis, Global Edition

1. Summary of Equations (ac)
2. Title Page
3. Copyright
4. Pearson’s Commitment to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
5. Dedication
6. Acknowledgments
7. Brief Contents
8. Contents
9. Chapter 1: Introduction
10. 1.1 The Electrical/Electronics Industry
11. 1.2 A Brief History
12. 1.3 Units of Measurement
13. 1.4 Systems of Units
14. 1.5 Significant Figures, Accuracy, and Rounding Off
15. 1.6 Powers of Ten
16. 1.7 Fixed-Point, Floating-Point, Scientific, and Engineering Notation
17. 1.8 Conversion Between Levels of Powers of Ten
18. 1.9 Conversion Within and Between Systems of Units
19. 1.10 Symbols
20. 1.11 Conversion Tables
21. 1.12 Calculators
22. 1.13 Computer Analysis
23. Chapter 2: Voltage and Current
24. 2.1 Introduction
25. 2.2 Atoms and Their Structure
26. 2.3 Voltage
27. 2.4 Current
28. 2.5 Voltage Sources
29. 2.6 Ampere-Hour Rating
30. 2.7 Battery Life Factors
31. 2.8 Conductors and Insulators
32. 2.9 Semiconductors
33. 2.10 Ammeters and Voltmeters
34. 2.11 Applications
35. Chapter 3: Resistance
36. 3.1 Introduction
37. 3.2 Resistance: Circular Wires
38. 3.3 Wire Tables
39. 3.4 Temperature Effects
40. 3.5 Conductors and the Inferred Absolute Temperature (Ti)
41. 3.6 Temperature Coefficient of Resistance
42. 3.7 PPM/°C
43. 3.8 Types of Resistors
44. 3.9 Color Coding and Standard Resistor Values
45. 3.10 Surface Mount Resistors
46. 3.11 Conductance
47. 3.12 Ohmmeters
48. 3.13 Resistance: Metric Units
49. 3.14 The Fourth Element—The Memristor
50. 3.15 Superconductors
51. 3.16 Thermistors
52. 3.17 Photoconductive Cell
53. 3.18 Varistors
54. 3.19 Applications
55. Chapter 4: Ohm’s Law, Power, and Energy
56. 4.1 Introduction
57. 4.2 Ohm’s Law
58. 4.3 Plotting Ohm’s Law
59. 4.4 Power
60. 4.5 Energy
61. 4.6 Efficiency
62. 4.7 Circuit Breakers, GFCIs, and Fuses
63. 4.8 Applications
64. Chapter 5: Series dc Circuits
65. 5.1 Introduction
66. 5.2 Series Resistors
67. 5.3 Series Circuits
68. 5.4 Power Distribution in a Series Circuit
69. 5.5 Voltage Sources in Series
70. 5.6 Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law
71. 5.7 Voltage Division in a Series Circuit
72. 5.8 Interchanging Series Elements
73. 5.9 Notation
74. 5.10 Ground Connection Awareness
75. 5.11 Voltage Regulation and the Internal Resistance of Voltage Sources
76. 5.12 Loading Effects of Instruments
77. 5.13 Protoboards (Breadboards)
78. 5.14 Applications
79. Chapter 6: Parallel dc Circuits
80. 6.1 Introduction
81. 6.2 Parallel Resistors
82. 6.3 Parallel Circuits
83. 6.4 Power Distribution in a Parallel Circuit
84. 6.5 Kirchhoff’s Current Law
85. 6.6 Current Divider Rule
86. 6.7 Voltage Sources in Parallel
87. 6.8 Open and Short Circuits
88. 6.9 Voltmeter Loading Effects
89. 6.10 Summary Table
90. 6.11 Troubleshooting Techniques
91. 6.12 Protoboards (Breadboards)
92. 6.13 Applications
93. Chapter 7: Series-Parallel Circuits
94. 7.1 Introduction
95. 7.2 Series-Parallel Networks
96. 7.3 Reduce and Return Approach
97. 7.4 Block Diagram Approach
98. 7.5 Descriptive Examples
99. 7.6 Ladder Networks
100. 7.7 Voltage Divider Supply (Unloaded and Loaded)
101. 7.8 Potentiometer Loading
102. 7.9 Impact of Shorts and Open Circuits
103. 7.10 Ammeter, Voltmeter, and Ohmmeter Design
104. 7.11 Applications
105. Chapter 8: Methods of Analysis and Selected Topics (dc)
106. 8.1 Introduction
107. 8.2 Current Sources
108. 8.3 Branch-Current Analysis
109. 8.4 Mesh Analysis (General Approach)
110. 8.5 Mesh Analysis (Format Approach)
111. 8.6 Nodal Analysis (General Approach)
112. 8.7 Nodal Analysis (Format Approach)
113. 8.8 Bridge Networks
114. 8.9 Y-? (T-?) and ?-Y (?-T) Conversions
115. 8.10 Applications
116. Chapter 9: Network Theorems
117. 9.1 Introduction
118. 9.2 Superposition Theorem
119. 9.3 Thévenin’s Theorem
120. 9.4 Norton’s Theorem
121. 9.5 Maximum Power Transfer Theorem
122. 9.6 Millman’s Theorem
123. 9.7 Substitution Theorem
124. 9.8 Reciprocity Theorem
125. Chapter 10: Capacitors
126. 10.1 Introduction
127. 10.2 The Electric Field
128. 10.3 Capacitance
129. 10.4 Capacitors
130. 10.5 Transients in Capacitive Networks: The Charging Phase
131. 10.6 Transients in Capacitive Networks: The Discharging Phase
132. 10.7 Initial Conditions
133. 10.8 Instantaneous Values
134. 10.9 Thévenin Equivalent: ? = RTHC
135. 10.10 The Current iC
136. 10.11 Capacitors in Series and in Parallel
137. 10.12 Energy Stored by a Capacitor
138. 10.13 Stray Capacitances
139. 10.14 Applications
140. Chapter 11: Inductors
141. 11.1 Introduction
142. 11.2 Magnetic Field
143. 11.3 Inductance
144. 11.4 Induced Voltage vL
145. 11.5 R-L Transients: The Storage Phase
146. 11.6 Initial Conditions
147. 11.7 R-L Transients: The Release Phase
148. 11.8 Thévenin Equivalent: ? = L /RTh
149. 11.9 Instantaneous Values
150. 11.10 Average Induced Voltage: vLav
151. 11.11 Inductors in Series and in Parallel
152. 11.12 Steady-State Conditions
153. 11.13 Energy Stored by an Inductor
154. 11.14 Applications
155. Chapter 12: Magnetic Circuits
156. 12.1 Introduction
157. 12.2 Magnetic Field
158. 12.3 Reluctance
159. 12.4 Ohm’s Law for Magnetic Circuits
160. 12.5 Magnetizing Force
161. 12.6 Hysteresis
162. 12.7 Ampère’s Circuital Law
163. 12.8 Flux ?
164. 12.9 Series Magnetic Circuits: Determining NI
165. 12.10 Air Gaps
166. 12.11 Series-Parallel Magnetic Circuits
167. 12.12 Determining ?
168. 12.13 Applications
169. Chapter 13: Sinusoidal Alternating Waveforms
170. 13.1 Introduction
171. 13.2 Sinusoidal ac Voltage Characteristics and Definitions
172. 13.3 Frequency Spectrum
173. 13.4 The Sinusoidal Waveform
174. 13.5 General Format for the Sinusoidal Voltage or Current
175. 13.6 Phase Relations
176. 13.7 Average Value
177. 13.8 Effective (rms) Values
178. 13.9 Converters and Inverters
179. 13.10 ac Meters and Instruments
180. 13.11 Applications
181. Chapter 14: The Basic Elements and Phasors
182. 14.1 Introduction
183. 14.2 Response of Basic R, L, and C Elements to a Sinusoidal Voltage or Current
184. 14.3 Frequency Response of the Basic Elements
185. 14.4 Average Power and Power Factor
186. 14.5 Complex Numbers
187. 14.6 Rectangular Form
188. 14.7 Polar Form
189. 14.8 Conversion Between Forms
190. 14.9 Mathematical Operations with Complex Numbers
191. 14.10 Calculator Methods with Complex Numbers
192. 14.11 Phasors
193. Chapter 15: Series ac Circuits
194. 15.1 Introduction
195. 15.2 Resistive Elements
196. 15.3 Inductive Elements
197. 15.4 Capacitive Elements
198. 15.5 Impedance Diagram
199. 15.6 Series Configuration
200. 15.7 Voltage Divider Rule
201. 15.8 Frequency Response for Series ac Circuits
202. 15.9 Summary: Series ac Circuits
203. 15.10 Phase Measurements
204. 15.11 Applications
205. Chapter 16: Parallel ac Circuits
206. 16.1 Introduction
207. 16.2 Total Impedance
208. 16.3 Total Admittance
209. 16.4 Parallel ac Networks
210. 16.5 Current Divider Rule (CDR)
211. 16.6 Frequency Response of Parallel Elements
212. 16.7 Summary: Parallel ac Networks
213. 16.8 Equivalent Circuits
214. 16.9 Applications
215. Chapter 17: Series-Parallel ac Networks
216. 17.1 Introduction
217. 17.2 Illustrative Examples
218. 17.3 Ladder Networks
219. 17.4 Grounding
220. 17.5 Applications
221. Chapter 18: Methods of Analysis and Selected Topics (ac)
222. 18.1 Introduction
223. 18.2 Independent Versus Dependent (Controlled) Sources
224. 18.3 Source Conversions
225. 18.4 Mesh Analysis
226. 18.5 Nodal Analysis
227. 18.6 Bridge Networks (ac)
228. 18.7 ?-Y, Y-? Conversions
229. Chapter 19: Network Theorems (ac)
230. 19.1 Introduction
231. 19.2 Superposition Theorem
232. 19.3 Thévenin’s Theorem
233. 19.4 Norton’s Theorem
234. 19.5 Maximum Power Transfer Theorem
235. 19.6 Substitution, Reciprocity, and Millman’s Theorems
236. 19.7 Application
237. Chapter 20: Power (ac)
238. 20.1 Introduction
239. 20.2 General Equation
240. 20.3 Resistive Circuit
241. 20.4 Apparent Power
242. 20.5 Inductive Circuit and Reactive Power
243. 20.6 Capacitive Circuit
244. 20.7 The Power Triangle
245. 20.8 The Total P, Q, and S
246. 20.9 Power-Factor Correction
247. 20.10 Power Meters
248. 20.11 Effective Resistance
249. 20.12 Applications
250. Chapter 21: Resonance
251. 21.1 Introduction
252. 21.2 Series Resonant Circuit
253. 21.3 The Quality Factor (Q)
254. 21.4 ZT Versus Frequency
255. 21.5 Selectivity
256. 21.6 VR, VL, and VC
257. 21.7 Practical Considerations
258. 21.8 Summary
259. 21.9 Examples (Series Resonance)
260. 21.10 Parallel Resonant Circuit
261. 21.11 Selectivity Curve for Parallel Resonant Circuits
262. 21.12 Effect of Ql ? 10
263. 21.13 Summary Table
264. 21.14 Examples (Parallel Resonance)
265. 21.15 Applications
266. Chapter 22: Decibels, Filters, and Bode Plots
267. 22.1 Introduction
268. 22.2 Properties of Logarithms
269. 22.3 Decibels
270. 22.4 Filters
271. 22.5 R-C Low-Pass Filter
272. 22.6 R-C High-Pass Filter
273. 22.7 Band-Pass Filters
274. 22.8 Band-Stop Filters
275. 22.9 Double-Tuned Filter
276. 22.10 Other Filter Configurations
277. 22.11 Bode Plots
278. 22.12 Sketching the Bode Response
279. 22.13 Additional Properties of Bode Plots
280. 22.14 Crossover Networks
281. 22.15 Applications
282. Chapter 23: Transformers
283. 23.1 Introduction
284. 23.2 Basic Operation
285. 23.3 Reflected Impedance and Power
286. 23.4 Impedance Matching, Isolation, and Displacement
287. 23.5 Equivalent Circuit (Iron-Core Transformer)
288. 23.6 Frequency Considerations
289. 23.7 Series Connection of Mutually Coupled Coils
290. 23.8 Air-Core Transformer
291. 23.9 Nameplate Data
292. 23.10 Types of Transformers
293. 23.11 Tapped and Multiple-Load Transformers
294. 23.12 Networks with Magnetically Coupled Coils
295. 23.13 Current Transformers
296. 23.14 Applications
297. Chapter 24: Polyphase Systems
298. 24.1 Introduction
299. 24.2 Three-Phase Generator
300. 24.3 Y-Connected Generator
301. 24.4 Phase Sequence (Y-Connected Generator)
302. 24.5 Y-Connected Generator with a Y-Connected Load
303. 24.6 Y-? System
304. 24.7 ?-Connected Generator
305. 24.8 Phase Sequence (?-Connected Generator)
306. 24.9 ?-? ?-Y Three-Phase Systems
307. 24.10 Power
308. 24.11 Three-Wattmeter Method
309. 24.12 Two-Wattmeter Method
310. 24.13 Unbalanced, Three-Phase, Four-Wire, Y-Connected Load
311. 24.14 Unbalanced, Three-Phase, Three-Wire, Y-Connected Load
312. 24.15 Residential and Industrial Service Distribution Systems
313. Chapter 25: Pulse Waveforms and the R-C Response
314. 25.1 Introduction
315. 25.2 Ideal Versus Actual
316. 25.3 Pulse Repetition Rate and Duty Cycle
317. 25.4 Average Value
318. 25.5 Transient R-C Networks
319. 25.6 R-C Response to Square-Wave Inputs
320. 25.7 Oscilloscope Attenuator and Compensating Probe
321. 25.8 Application
322. Chapter 26: Nonsinusoidal circuits
323. 26.1 Introduction
324. 26.2 Fourier Series
325. 26.3 Fourier Expansion of a Square Wave
326. 26.4 Fourier Expansion of a Half-Wave Rectified Waveform
327. 26.5 Fourier Spectrum
328. 26.6 Circuit Response to a Nonsinusoidal Input
329. 26.7 Addition and Subtraction of Nonsinusoidal Waveforms
330. Appendices
331. Appendix A: Conversion Factors
332. Appendix B: Determinants
333. Appendix C: Greek Alphabet
334. Appendix D: Magnetic Parameter Conversions
335. Appendix E: Maximum Power Transfer Conditions
336. Appendix F: Answers to Selected Odd-Numbered Problems
337. Index