Introduction | p. 1 |
Objectives of Analyzing Multiple Time Series | p. 1 |
Some Basics | p. 2 |
Vector Autoregressive Processes | p. 3 |
Outline of the Following Chapters | p. 5 |
Stable Vector Autoregressive Processes | p. 9 |
Basic Assumptions and Properties of VAR Processes | p. 9 |
Forecasting | p. 27 |
Structural Analysis with VAR Models | p. 35 |
Estimation of Vector Autoregressive Processes | p. 62 |
Multivariate Least Squares Estimation | p. 62 |
Least Squares Estimation with Mean-Adjusted Data and Yule-Walker Estimation | p. 75 |
Maximum Likelihood Estimation | p. 80 |
Forecasting with Estimated Processes | p. 85 |
Testing for Granger-Causality and Instantaneous Causality | p. 93 |
The Asymptotic Distributions of Impulse Responses and Forecast Error Variance Decompositions | p. 97 |
VAR Order Selection and Checking the Model Adequacy | p. 118 |
A Sequence of Tests for Determining the VAR Order | p. 119 |
Criteria for VAR Order Selection | p. 128 |
Checking the Whiteness of the Residuals | p. 138 |
Testing for Nonnormality | p. 152 |
Tests for Structural Change | p. 159 |
VAR Processes with Parameter Constraints | p. 167 |
Linear Constraints | p. 168 |
VAR Processes with Nonlinear Parameter Restrictions | p. 192 |
Bayesian Estimation | p. 206 |
Vector Autoregressive Moving Average Processes | p. 217 |
Finite Order Moving Average Processes | p. 217 |
VARMA Processes | p. 220 |
The Autocovariances and Autocorrelations of a VARMA(p, q) Process | p. 226 |
Forecasting VARMA Processes | p. 228 |
Transforming and Aggregating VARMA Processes | p. 230 |
Interpretation of VARMA Models | p. 236 |
Estimation of VARMA Models | p. 241 |
The Identification Problem | p. 241 |
The Gaussian Likelihood Function | p. 252 |
Computation of the ML Estimates | p. 259 |
Asymptotic Properties of the ML Estimators | p. 271 |
Forecasting Estimated VARMA Processes | p. 278 |
Estimated Impulse Responses | p. 281 |
Specification and Checking the Adequacy of VARMA Models | p. 284 |
Specification of the Final Equations Form | p. 285 |
Specification of Echelon Forms | p. 289 |
Remarks on other Specification Strategies for VARMA Models | p. 297 |
Model Checking | p. 298 |
Critique of VARMA Model Fitting | p. 302 |
Fitting Finite Order VAR Models to Infinite Order Processes | p. 305 |
Multivariate Least Squares Estimation | p. 305 |
Forecasting | p. 309 |
Impulse Response Analysis and Forecast Error Variance Decompositions | p. 313 |
Systems of Dynamic Simultaneous Equations | p. 323 |
Systems with Exogenous Variables | p. 324 |
Estimation | p. 331 |
Remarks on Model Specification and Model Checking | p. 333 |
Forecasting | p. 334 |
Multiplier Analysis | p. 338 |
Optimal Control | p. 339 |
Concluding Remarks on Dynamic SEMs | p. 342 |
Nonstationary Systems with Integrated and Cointegrated Variables | p. 346 |
Estimation of Integrated and Cointegrated VAR(p) Processes | p. 355 |
Forecasting and Structural Analysis | p. 375 |
Model Selection and Model Checking | p. 382 |
Periodic VAR Processes and Intervention Models | p. 391 |
The VAR(p) Model with Time Varying Coefficients | p. 392 |
Periodic Processes | p. 396 |
Intervention Models | p. 408 |
State Space Models | p. 415 |
State Space Models | p. 416 |
The Kalman Filter | p. 428 |
Maximum Likelihood Estimation of State Space Models | p. 434 |
A Real Data Example | p. 439 |
Appendix A. Vectors and Matrices | p. 449 |
Appendix B. Multivariate Normal and Related Distributions | p. 480 |
Appendix C. Convergence of Sequences of Random Variables and Asymptotic Distributions | p. 484 |
Appendix D. Evaluating Properties of Estimators and Test Statistics by Simulation and Resampling Techniques | p. 495 |
Appendix E. Data Used for Examples and Exercises | p. 498 |
References | p. 509 |
List of Propositions and Definitions | p. 518 |
Index of Notation | p. 521 |
Author Index | p. 527 |
Subject Index | p. 531 |
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