Preface ix
About the authors xi
How to use this book xiii
Acknowledgements xv
Section I Theory 1
1 Human-computer interaction and geospatial technologies – context 3
Mordechai (Muki) Haklay and Artemis Skarlatidou
1.1 Human-computer interaction and usability engineering background 4
1.2 Geographic Information Systems and science history 9
1.3 Human-Computer Interaction and GIScience research 13
Summary 16
Further reading 16
Revision questions 18
2 Human understanding of space 19
Clare Davies, Chao (Lily) Li and Jochen Albrecht
2.1 Introduction 19
2.2 Spatial cognition: screen versus geography 19
2.3 Geographic spatial cognition – learning, understanding and recall 21
2.4 GIS in the outside environment: matching maps to geography 31
Summary 34
Further reading 34
Revision questions 35
3 Cartographic theory and principles 37
Catherine (Kate) Emma Jones
3.1 Principles of cartographic representation 37
3.2 Impact of projections on map design 49
3.3 Impact of cartographic scale on map design 54
3.4 Generalization 59
Summary 65
Further reading 65
Revision questions 65
4 Computer-mediated communication, collaboration and groupware 67
Mordechai (Muki) Haklay
4.1 Computer-mediated communication 68
4.2 Social dynamics and group decision-making issues 76
4.3 Computer Supported Collaborative Work and Groupware (CSCW) 78
4.4 Principles of collaborative GIS 80
Summary 86
Further reading 87
Revision questions 87
Section II Framework 89
5 User-centred design 91
Mordechai (Muki) Haklay and Annu-Maaria Nivala
5.1 Background 95
5.2 Principles 97
5.3 Applying user-centred design in geospatial technologies 101
5.4 Participatory design 103
Summary 105
Further reading 106
Revision questions 106
6 Usability engineering 107
Mordechai (Muki) Haklay, Artemis Skarlatidou and Carolina Tobon
6.1 Background 107
6.2 Usability engineering and product development process 109
6.3 Understanding user requirements and needs 111
6.4 Application development 113
6.5 Evaluation and deployment 114
6.6 Usability engineering in research 117
Summary 122
Further reading 122
Revision questions 123
Section III Practicalities and Technique 125
7 Application planning 127
Jochen Albrecht and Clare Davies
7.1 GIS interface complexity 128
7.2 Task analysis in GIS 128
7.3 Formalized analysis of GIS user interfaces 134
7.4 User experience considerations 134
7.5 Task analysis as the basis for workflow management 136
7.6 Geo-scientific workflows and process models 138
7.7 Ontologies in support of application planning for the semantic web 141
Summary 142
Further reading 142
Revision questions 143
8 Practical cartography 145
Catherine (Kate) Emma Jones
8.1 The role of symbology in map making 145
8.2 The role of colour in map making 146
8.3 Data classification – types of maps and thematic mapping 159
8.4 Mapping conventions – map elements and layout 171
Summary 177
Further reading 178
Revision questions 178
9 Principles of interaction 179
Jessica Wardlaw
9.1 Key elements of the theory of interaction for geospatial technologies 182
9.2 Basic elements of GUI 187
9.3 Some guidelines for designing a GIS interface 192
Summary 197
Revision questions 198
10 Evaluation and deployment 199
Stephanie Larissa Marsh and Mordechai (Muki) Haklay
10.1 Evaluation options – from usability laboratory to guerrilla usability 199
10.2 Evaluation techniques 201
10.3 Methodological consideration of usability techniques 218
Summary 220
Further reading 220
Revision questions 221
11 Single user environments: desktop to mobile 223
Mordechai (Muki) Haklay and (lily) Chao li
11.1 Technological considerations 223
11.2 Understanding the user context 229
11.3 Designing desktop applications 231
11.4 Mobile devices 240
Summary 242
Further reading 242
Revision questions 243
12 Web-mapping applications and HCI considerations for their design 245
Artemis Skarlatidou
12.1 Overview of Web-mapping 245
12.2 Web-mapping design and HCI considerations 250
Summary 263
Further reading 264
Revision questions 264
Bibliography 265
Index 289
