| Introduction | p. 1 |
| Development of Welding and Manufacturing Technology | p. 1 |
| Sensing Technology for Arc Welding Process | p. 3 |
| Visual Sensing Technology for Arc Welding Process | p. 3 |
| Active Visual Sensing | p. 4 |
| Passive Direct Visual Sensing | p. 6 |
| Image Processing Methods | p. 9 |
| Modeling Methods for Arc Welding Process | p. 13 |
| Analytical Model | p. 13 |
| Identification, Fuzzy Logic and Neural Network Models | p. 14 |
| Rough Set Model | p. 18 |
| Intelligent Control Strategies for Arc Welding Process | p. 19 |
| The Organized Framework of the Book | p. 23 |
| References | p. 23 |
| Visual Sensing Systems for Arc Welding Process | p. 35 |
| Description of the Real-Time Control Systems with Visual Sensing of Weld Pool for the Pulsed GTAW Process | p. 35 |
| The Visual Sensing System and Images of Weld Pool During Low Carbon Steel Pulsed GTAW | p. 38 |
| Analysis of the Sensing Conditions for Low Carbon Steel | p. 38 |
| Capturing Simultaneous Images of Weld Pool in a Frame from Two Directions | p. 38 |
| Capturing Simultaneous Images of Weld Pool in a Frame from Three Directions | p. 43 |
| The Visual Sensing System and Images of Weld Pool During Aluminium Alloy Pulsed GTAW | p. 44 |
| Analysis of the Sensing Conditions for Aluminium Alloy | p. 44 |
| Capturing Simultaneous Images of Weld Pool in a Frame from Two Directions | p. 47 |
| Capturing Simultaneous Images of Weld Pool in a Frame from Three Directions | p. 51 |
| The Chapter Conclusion Remarks | p. 54 |
| References | p. 55 |
| Information Acquirement of Arc Welding Process | p. 57 |
| Acquiring Two Dimensional Characteristics from Weld Pool Image During Pulsed GTAW | p. 57 |
| Definition of Weld Pool Shape Parameters | p. 58 |
| The Processing and Characteristic Computing of Low Carbon Steel Weld Pool Images | p. 59 |
| The Processing and Characteristic Computing of Aluminium Alloy Weld Pool Image | p. 69 |
| Acquiring Three Dimensional Characteristics from Monocular Image of Weld Pool During Pulsed GTAW | p. 78 |
| Definition of Topside Weld Pool Height | p. 78 |
| Extracting Surface Height of the Weld Pool from Arc Reflection Position | p. 79 |
| Extracting Surface Height of the Weld Pool by Shape from Shading | p. 81 |
| The Software of Image Processing and Characteristic Extracting of Weld Pool During Pulsed GTAW | p. 101 |
| The Framework and Function of the Software System | p. 101 |
| The Directions for Using the Software System | p. 102 |
| The Chapter Conclusion Remarks | p. 110 |
| References | p. 111 |
| Modeling Methods of Weld Pool Dynamics During Pulsed GTAW | p. 113 |
| Analysis on Welding Dynamics | p. 113 |
| Transient Responses with Pulse Duty Ratio Step Changes | p. 115 |
| Transient Responses with Welding Velocity Step Changes | p. 116 |
| Transient Responses with Peak Current Step Changes | p. 116 |
| Transient Responses with Wire Feeding Velocity Step Changes | p. 117 |
| Identification Models of Weld Pool Dynamics | p. 118 |
| Linear Stochastic Models of Aluminium Alloy Weld Pool Dynamics | p. 118 |
| Nonlinear Models of Low Carbon Steel Weld Pool Dynamics | p. 123 |
| Artificial Neural Network Models of Weld Pool Dynamics | p. 126 |
| BWHDNNM Model for Predicting Backside Width and Topside Height During Butt Pulsed GTAW | p. 127 |
| BNNM Model for Predicting Backside Width During Butt Pulsed GTAW | p. 130 |
| BHDNNM Model for Predicting Backside Width and Topside Height During Butt Pulsed GTAW Based on Three-Dimensional Image Processing | p. 131 |
| SSNNM Model During Butt Pulsed GTAW | p. 133 |
| Knowledge Models of Weld Pool Dynamical Process | p. 137 |
| Extraction of Fuzzy Rules Models of Weld Pool Dynamical Process | p. 137 |
| Knowledge Models Based-on Rough Sets for Weld Pool Dynamical Process Based on Classic Theory | p. 139 |
| A Variable Precision Rough Set Based Modeling Method for Pulsed GTAW | p. 150 |
| The Chapter Conclusion Remarks | p. 161 |
| References | p. 161 |
| Intelligent Control Strategies for Arc Welding Process | p. 163 |
| Open-Loop Experiments | p. 163 |
| PID Controller for Weld Pool Dynamics During Pulsed GTAW | p. 165 |
| PID Control Algorithm | p. 165 |
| Welding Experiments with PID Controller | p. 166 |
| PSD Controller for Weld Pool Dynamics During Pulsed GTAW | p. 168 |
| PSD Controller Algorithms | p. 168 |
| Welding Experiments with PSD Controller | p. 170 |
| NN Self-Learning Controller for Dynamical Weld Pool During Pulsed GTAW | p. 172 |
| FNNC Control Algorithm | p. 173 |
| Experiment of FNNC Control Scheme | p. 178 |
| Model-Free Adaptive Controller for Arc Welding Dynamics | p. 182 |
| Preliminary of Model-Free Adaptive Control (MFC) | p. 184 |
| The Improved Model-Free Adaptive Control with G Function Fuzzy Reasoning Regulation | p. 186 |
| Realization and Simulation of Improved Control Algorithm | p. 188 |
| Controlled Experiments on Pulsed GTAW Process | p. 190 |
| Composite Intelligent Controller for Weld Pool Dynamics During Pulsed GTAW | p. 194 |
| FNNC- Expert System Controller for Low Carbon Steel During Butt Welding | p. 195 |
| FNNC- Forward Feed Controller for Low Carbon Steel During Butt Welding with Gap Variations | p. 200 |
| Compensated Adaptive- Fuzzy Controller for Aluminium Alloy During Butt Welding | p. 205 |
| Adaptive-Fuzzy Controller Based on Nonlinear Model for Low Carbon Steel During Butt Welding with Wire Filler | p. 210 |
| The Chapter Conclusion Remarks | p. 218 |
| References | p. 220 |
| Real-Time Control of Weld Pool Dynamics During Robotic GTAW | p. 221 |
| Real-Time Control of Low Carbon Steel Weld Pool Dynamics by PID Controller During Robotic Pulsed GTAW | p. 221 |
| Welding Robot Systems with Vision Sensing and Real-Time Control of Arc Weld Dynamics | p. 223 |
| Weld Pool Image Processing During Robotic Pulsed GTAW | p. 225 |
| Modeling of Dynamic Welding Process | p. 231 |
| Real-Time Control of Low Carbon Steel Welding Pool by PID Regulator During Robotic Pulsed GTAW | p. 234 |
| Real-Time Control of Weld Pool Dynamics and Seam Forming by Neural Self-Learning Controller During Robotic Pulsed GTAW | p. 236 |
| Neuron Self-Learning PSD Controller for Low Carbon Steel Weld Pool | p. 236 |
| Adaptive Neural PID Controller for Aluminium Alloy Welding Pool | p. 239 |
| Vision-Based Real-Time Control of Weld Seam Tracking and Weld Pool Dynamics During Aluminium Alloy Robotic Pulsed GTAW | p. 244 |
| Welding Robotic System | p. 245 |
| Image Processing During the Robot Seam Tracking | p. 250 |
| Seam Tracking Controller of the Welding Robot | p. 256 |
| Experiment Results of Seam Tracking and Monitoring During Robotic Welding | p. 258 |
| Compound Intelligent Control of Weld Pool Dynamics with Visual Monitoring During Robotic Aluminium Alloy Pulsed GTAW | p. 261 |
| The Robotic Welding Systems with Visual Monitoring During Pulsed GTAW | p. 261 |
| Image Obtaining and Processing for Weld Pool During Robotic Welding | p. 262 |
| Modeling and Control Scheme for Welding Robot System | p. 265 |
| Penetration Control Procedure and Results by Robotic Welding | p. 269 |
| The Chapter Conclusion Remarks | p. 271 |
| References | p. 271 |
| Conclusion Remarks | p. 275 |
| Index | p. 277 |
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