Innovation System Frontiers

Cluster Networks and Global Value

By: Brian Wixted

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Hardcover | 25 May 2009

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Hardcover
242 Pages

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23.5 x 15.88 x 1.91

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Recent economic transformations in the world economy are progressing in two divergent directions - international production fragmentation and industrial agglomeration. Based on extensive data analysis and using models of interdependencies between key economies, this book analyses innovation systems that cross national borders. It is shown that technological complexity is an important factor in the formation of highly specific production networks, and why, for a number of production systems, fragmentation and clustering are two sides of the same coin. By outlining the picture of a world economy structured around networks of clusters and joined together through systems of linkages of components, people and knowledge flows, the author helps to promote a better understanding of recent economic transformations.

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"The aim of the book is to contribute with new theoretical and empirical insights to the concept of innovation systems by pushing at the frontiers of this specific knowledge area and to focus on geographic space that have been rigid in the literature to separate one innovation system from another. ... The book is well structured and easy to follow. ... a good source of inspiration for entrepreneurs (or innovators), economic geographers and trade analysts." (Peter Warda, Papers in Regional Science, Vol. 91 (1), March, 2012)

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You Can Find This Book In

Non-Fiction Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning Geography Human Geography Economic Geography Industry & Industrial Studies Manufacturing Industries Economics Economic History Business & Management Management & Management Techniques Management of Specific Areas

Research & Development Management Reference, Information & Interdisciplinary Subjects Interdisciplinary Studies Regional Studies Political Economy Development Economics & Emerging Economies

Introduction	p. 1
The Economics of Regionalisation vs. Globalisation	p. 1
Bridging the Gap: Places and Extra-territorial Spaces	p. 2
The Advantages of Place: Innovation Systems	p. 2
The Fragmentation of Production - Despatialisation?	p. 4
Constructing a Cluster Complexes Framework	p. 5
Specifying the Research Problem	p. 6
The Key Questions	p. 7
The Structure of the Book	p. 8
Boundaries and Contributions of this Research	p. 10
Overview	p. 11
Systemic Innovation and Nation States	p. 13
Knowledge, Technology, Innovation and Nation States	p. 13
Technology, Competitiveness and Systems	p. 14
Economic Growth	p. 14
Innovation Aids All Sectors from Agriculture to Services	p. 16
Innovation Embedded in Nations	p. 18
Systems Theory	p. 19
The Historical and Continuing Importance of Nations	p. 23
Learning Nations	p. 23
Production System Specialisation and Trajectories	p. 27
Nations in a Changing World: Weaknesses of NIS	p. 28
NIS and National Geography	p. 29
NIS Politically Defined	p. 30
NIS, Borders and Economic Space	p. 32
Innovative Regions, Clusters and Milieux	p. 33
Innovation Territories	p. 33
Locating Clusters	p. 35
Clusters, Regions and Sectors	p. 36
Defining and Finding the Places of Interest	p. 37
The Geography of Agglomeration	p. 39
Knowledge and Innovation Geography	p. 40
Supply Architecture	p. 42
Cluster Based Theories of the Drivers of Proximity	p. 44
Traded Interdependencies: Supply Architectures	p. 45
Users and Producers: Linking Production and Innovation	p. 48
Untraded Interdependencies: Knowledge Flows	p. 50
Cluster Boundaries and Extra-territorial Linkages	p. 52
Contiguous Regions	p. 53
Clusters Beyond Proximity	p. 54
Multi-spatial Production and Innovation Spaces	p. 57
Beyond Borders: Trade and Networks	p. 59
Traded Interdependencies Beyond Borders	p. 59
Trade, Borders and the Sourcing of Products	p. 60
Trade Specialisation Patterns	p. 61
Bilateral Trade Relations	p. 63
International Value Chains and Spatial Specialisations	p. 71
Proximity and Multi-Spatial Innovation Systems	p. 78
Spatial Innovation Systems: NIS and Clusters	p. 78
The Multi-Spatial Gap: Cluster Context and Trade Linkages	p. 80
Linked Clusters: Specialised Nodes, Globalised Products	p. 81
Clusters, GPNs or Multi-Spatial Cluster Networks?	p. 83
Australia's Aerospace Micro-Cluster	p. 83
Measuring Inter-Cluster Interdependencies	p. 89
Identifying Multi-Spatial Innovation Systems	p. 89
The Appeal of I-O Modelling	p. 90
Criticisms of Using I-O in Innovation Studies	p. 91
Benefits of I-O Modelling	p. 92
Multi-Country Input-Output Data	p. 96
Inter-Regional I-O Modelling	p. 97
Constructing the I-O Tables	p. 97
Limitations of Trade Data	p. 101
Inter-Country Modelling Analyses	p. 102
Net Multipliers	p. 103
Data Analysis: Chaps. 6-9	p. 105
Clustering Internationalisation	p. 107
Dependence on Imported Components	p. 107
Complexity, Clustering and Imports	p. 113
Knowledge Economy and Clustering	p. 113
R&D Intensity	p. 114
Pavitt's Industry and Innovation Taxonomy	p. 117
Complex Technologies	p. 123
Imports, Science and Scale	p. 123
Import Intensiveness	p. 123
Implications for Theory, Research and Policy	p. 124
Cluster Complexes: Auto Production	p. 125
The Significance of Automotive Production Systems	p. 125
Background: A Traditional Perspective of Exports	p. 126
The Evolution of the Inter-cluster Networking	p. 129
Auto Activities 1970	p. 129
Auto Activities 1990	p. 130
EU 15	p. 132
Auto Activities 2000	p. 135
Techno-Organisational Context of Auto Production	p. 139
Clusters, Complexes and System Hierarchies	p. 139
Geography and Organisation	p. 141
Reconfiguration	p. 142
Implications and Conclusions	p. 145
Cluster Complexes: Civil Aerospace	p. 147
Aerospace: The Techno-Organisational Context	p. 147
Cluster Networking	p. 149
Aerospace 1970	p. 149
Aerospace 1990	p. 151
Aerospace 1995-2000	p. 151
Aerospace Import Changes	p. 155
The Beginnings of the Future of Aerospace Geography	p. 156
Implications and Conclusions	p. 161
Innovation Theory and Analysis	p. 162
Policy Matters	p. 162
Cluster Complexes: Electronics and ICT	p. 165
Introduction: Structures of Interdependencies	p. 165
The Third Technological Revolution: ICT	p. 166
Economic Growth and ICT	p. 166
ICT Clustering	p. 167
ICT Exports After 1990	p. 169
ICT Cluster Networks	p. 171
ICT 1970	p. 171
ICT 1990	p. 173
ICT 1990-2000	p. 173
Contemporary and Emerging Nodes of Global ICT	p. 181
The Techno-Organisational Context in ICT	p. 182
Contemporary East Asian Nodes	p. 183
Emergent Nodes in the Global Architecture of Production	p. 187
Conclusions and Implications	p. 189
Conclusions on the Architecture of Economies	p. 191
Atolls of Innovation or Something Else?	p. 191
Local Agglomeration and Specialisation	p. 193
Bridging Local and Global: The Role of Interdependencies	p. 194
The Scale of Connectedness - Do These Links Matter?	p. 195
Innovation Atolls?	p. 196
Systems of Systems: Sectoral Footprints	p. 197
The Spatial Structure of Clustering and Networking	p. 197
Clustering, Fragmentation and Integration-Economic Fractals	p. 197
Cluster Complexes: Nodes, Flows and Hierarchies	p. 198
Spatial Organisation: Assembly, Integration and Technologies	p. 199
Conclusions and Implications	p. 200
Clusters Don't Innovate in Isolation	p. 201
Implications for Theory	p. 202
Implications for Policy	p. 202
Future Research	p. 204
References	p. 205
Index	p. 225
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

Innovation System Frontiers

Cluster Networks and Global Value

At a Glance

Hardcover

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