Injectable Biomaterials

Contributor contact details Part I: Materials and properties Chapter 1: Designing clinically useful substitutes for the extracellular matrix Abstract: 1.1 Introduction: the translational challenge 1.2 Design criteria for extracellular matrix (ECM) mimetics 1.3 Single-module semi-synthetic extracellular matrices (sECMs) based on hyaluronic acid (HA) 1.4 Adding function to hyaluronic acid (HA) matrices 1.5 Using injectable synthetic extracellular matrices (sECMs) in vivo 1.6 Conclusions and future trends Chapter 2: Designing ceramics for injectable bone graft substitutes Abstract: 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Rheological properties of bone substitute pastes 2.3 Handling and delivery 2.4 Mechanical and biological properties of bone substitute pastes 2.5 Industrial design 2.6 Future trends Chapter 3: Rheological properties of injectable biomaterials Abstract: 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Different types of in situ gelling materials: chemical gels, solvent exchange, and physical gels 3.3 Shrinkage, swelling, and evaporation 3.4 Kinetics and injectability 3.5 The role of statistics and uncertainty in rheological characterization 3.6 Future trends 3.7 Sources of further information and advice Chapter 4: Improving mechanical properties of injectable polymers and composites Abstract: 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Mechanical properties and testing 4.3 Injectable hydrogels 4.4 Non-hydrogel injectable polymers 4.5 Conclusion and future trends Part II: Clinical applications Chapter 5: Drug delivery applications of injectable biomaterials Abstract: 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Solvent exchange precipitating materials 5.3 Aqueous solubility change materials 5.4 In situ crosslinking or polymerizing materials 5.5 Microparticles and nanoparticles 5.6 Micelles and liposomes 5.7 Polymer-drug conjugates 5.8 Conclusion and future trends Chapter 6: Tissue engineering applications of injectable biomaterials Abstract: 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Requirements of injectable materials for tissue engineering 6.3 Injectable biomaterials: methods of gelation and tissue engineering applications 6.4 Injectable composites and applications in tissue engineering 6.5 Conclusion and future trends 6.7 Glossary Chapter 7: Vascular applications of injectable biomaterials Abstract: 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Embolization therapy for vascular conditions 7.3 Types of embolic materials 7.4 Future trends Chapter 8: Orthopaedic applications of injectable biomaterials Abstract: 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Classification 8.3 Clinical applications 1: fixation 8.4 Clinical applications 2: bone healing 8.5 Clinical applications 3: prevention and regeneration 8.6 Clinical applications 4: miscellaneous 8.7 Conclusion Chapter 9: Dental applications of injectable biomaterials Abstract: 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Challenges in the application of biomaterials to dentistry 9.3 Directly placed tooth-colored materials 9.4 Injectable materials in root canal therapy 9.5 Injectable calcium phosphate cements 9.6 Conclusion Chapter 10: Injectable polymeric carriers for gene delivery systems Abstract: 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Biological barriers 10.3 Nanoparticles 10.4 Microspheres 10.5 Hydrogels 10.6 Small interfering RNA (siRNA) 10.7 Conclusion 10.8 Acknowledgements Part III: Technologies and developments Chapter 11: Environmentally responsive injectable materials Abstract: 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Temperature-sensitive polymers 11.3 Electrically sensitive polymers 11.4 pH-sensitive polymers 11.5 Light-sensitive polymers 11.6 Biomolecular-sensitive polymers 11.7 Other stimuli-sensitive polymers 11.8 Conclusion and future trends Chapter 12: Injectable nanotechnology Abstract: 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Route of administration and biodistribution of injectable nano-carriers 12.3 Diagnostic applications of injectable nano-carriers 12.4 Therapeutic applications of injectable nano-carriers 12.5 Injectable nanomaterials as matrix precursors 12.6 Conclusions Chapter 13: Injectable biodegradable materials Abstract: 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) copolymers 13.3 Poloxamer(R) and Pluronic(R) gels 13.4 Polypeptides 13.5 Other thermogelling polymers 13.6 Conclusions and future trends 13.7 Acknowledgements Chapter 14: Troubleshooting and hurdles to development of biomaterials Abstract: 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Material development hurdles 14.3 Device development hurdles 14.4 Funding challenges Chapter 15: Biocompatibility of injectable materials Abstract: 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Environmentally responsive biomaterials 15.3 Self-assembling biomaterials 15.4 Calcium phosphate bone cements 15.5 In situ polymerizable and crosslinkable biomaterials 15.6 Future trends 15.7 Sources of further information and advice Chapter 16: Future applications of injectable biomaterials: the use of microgels as modular injectable scaffolds Abstract: 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Background 16.3 Potential applications of microgels 16.4 Conclusions 16.5 Sources of further information and advice Index