Information Spaces

The Architecture of Cyberspace

By: Robert M. Colomb

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Paperback | 1 March 2002

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268 Pages

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22.86 x 15.24 x 1.91

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Information Spaces: The Architecture of Cyberspace is aimed at students taking information management as a minor in their course as well as those who manage document collections but who are not professional librarians. The first part of this book looks at how users find documents and the problems they have; the second part discusses how to manage the information space using various tools such as classification and controlled vocabularies. It also explores the general issues of publishing, including legal considerations, as well the main issues of creating and managing archives. Supported by exercises and discussion questions at the end of each chapter, the book includes some sample assignments suitable for use with students of this subject. A glossary is also provided to help readers understand the specialised vocabulary and the key concepts in the design and assessment of information spaces.

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Introduction	p. 1
Overview	p. 4
What is information and what can be done with it?	p. 4
Find a document	p. 5
Organize a collection	p. 6
Information structures supporting the collection	p. 7
A preliminary case study	p. 8
Key concepts	p. 10
Text retrieval	p. 11
Query mechanics	p. 11
The problem is not the query	p. 12
Why is it hard to get high precision and recall?	p. 15
Document nearness query languages	p. 16
Index construction	p. 19
How does a boolean ISAR compare with a nearness-based ISAR?	p. 19
A user's real need generally requires multiple queries	p. 23
How do we know when to stop?	p. 23
Key concepts	p. 24
Further reading	p. 25
Major formative exercise	p. 25
Tutorial exercises	p. 26
Open discussion question	p. 28
Describing information objects	p. 29
What is stored?	p. 29
How is an information object identified?	p. 29
Physical description of document	p. 31
Content description	p. 31
Choice of descriptors	p. 33
Properties of descriptors	p. 34
Engineering issues in surrogate design	p. 35
Bates's principles: Variety and uncertainty	p. 37
Push technologies	p. 39
Content analysis	p. 40
Key concepts	p. 41
Further reading	p. 42
Formative exercise	p. 42
Tutorial exercises	p. 42
Open discussion question:	p. 43
Browsing: Hypertext	p. 44
Information spaces	p. 44
Hypertext implementation of information space	p. 45
Building a hypertext	p. 46
The possibility of automatic creation of a hypertext	p. 48
Concept map approach for link design	p. 50
Navigation	p. 53
Relationship between browsing and search	p. 56
Why can this work?	p. 57
Key concepts	p. 58
Further reading	p. 58
Major formative exercise	p. 58
Tutorial exercises	p. 59
Open discussion question:	p. 59
World Wide Web	p. 60
How is the Web different from a library catalogue or a CD-ROM?	p. 60
Resource discovery	p. 62
The emerging order (sort of) in Web information space	p. 65
Portals	p. 65
Vertical portals	p. 66
How might this order develop?	p. 67
Pull and push - advertising	p. 69
Agents and the need for standards	p. 70
Key concepts	p. 71
Further reading	p. 71
Formative exercise	p. 71
Tutorial exercises	p. 72
Open discussion question	p. 72
Structured documents: XML	p. 73
Complex objects	p. 73
Markup languages	p. 74
XML	p. 77
Applications of XML	p. 81
Automatic abstracting	p. 84
Information space with XML objects	p. 85
Key concepts	p. 85
Further reading	p. 85
Formative exercise	p. 86
Tutorial exercises	p. 86
Open discussion question	p. 86
Controlled vocabulary	p. 87
Why controlled vocabulary?	p. 87
What do classification systems look like?	p. 89
How are classification systems organized?	p. 92
Classification systems are often hierarchical	p. 95
Basis of hierarchy	p. 96
Designing a classification scheme	p. 98
Key concepts	p. 100
Further reading	p. 101
Formative exercise	p. 101
Tutorial exercises	p. 101
Open discussion question	p. 101
Semantic dimensions	p. 102
Place	p. 102
Relationship among places	p. 104
Multiple semantic dimensions	p. 105
Absolute and relative dimensions	p. 107
Use of semantic dimensions for understanding a whole information space	p. 109
Navigation in a hierarchy	p. 112
Visualization of relative dimensions	p. 113
Geometries based on many dimensions	p. 115
Key concepts	p. 116
Further Reading	p. 117
Formative exercise	p. 117
Tutorial exercises	p. 117
Open discussion question	p. 118
Classification in context	p. 119
Individuals and classes	p. 119
Variability within classes	p. 121
Classification is not the only way to organize information spaces	p. 126
What is in the information space?	p. 132
Systematic classification is an aspect of modern culture	p. 134
Key concepts	p. 136
Further reading	p. 136
Formative exercises	p. 136
Tutorial exercises	p. 137
Open discussion question	p. 137
Large classification systems	p. 138
Introduction	p. 138
What an indexing system involves	p. 138
Requirements for schedules	p. 139
Library of Congress system	p. 139
Exhaustivity	p. 139
Coding efficiency	p. 140
Semantic coherence	p. 140
Maintainability	p. 141
Workability	p. 141
The published schedule	p. 142
Dewey Decimal System	p. 143
Types of classification schemes	p. 143
Developing faceted classification systems	p. 147
Notation	p. 153
Locating objects in physical space	p. 153
Locating objects in information space	p. 153
Key concepts	p. 154
Further reading	p. 154
Formative exercise	p. 154
Tutorial exercises	p. 155
Open discussion question	p. 155
Descriptors	p. 156
Introduction	p. 156
Design requirements	p. 157
Subject lists	p. 158
Thesauri	p. 160
Building a thesaurus	p. 162
Automated construction of thesauri	p. 164
Descriptors as primary organizers of a collection	p. 167
Ontologies	p. 167
Key concepts	p. 171
Further reading	p. 171
Formative exercise	p. 171
Tutorial exercises	p. 171
Open discussion question	p. 172
Visualization	p. 173
Information as a space	p. 173
Navigation	p. 174
Keeping close to real space	p. 177
Example of close-to-real-space visualization	p. 180
Discussion of close-to-real-space visualization design guidelines	p. 183
Visualizing relative dimensions - enumerative systems	p. 184
Key concepts	p. 187
Further reading	p. 187
Formative exercise	p. 187
Tutorial exercises	p. 188
Open discussion question	p. 188
Archiving	p. 189
What are archives?	p. 189
How do we interpret an item of information?	p. 190
Design of an archive	p. 191
Obsolescence of media	p. 193
Key concepts	p. 194
Further reading	p. 194
Formative exercise	p. 194
Tutorial exercises	p. 195
Open discussion question	p. 195
Quality	p. 196
Quality of content	p. 196
Legal issues - overview	p. 198
Crime	p. 199
Censorship	p. 199
Libel	p. 200
Privacy	p. 200
Intellectual property	p. 202
Napster	p. 203
Key concepts	p. 204
Further reading	p. 204
Formative exercise	p. 204
Tutorial exercises	p. 205
Open discussion question	p. 205
Major assignment	p. 206
US Department of Labor Standard Industrial Classification division structure, 1987 edition	p. 209
Excerpts from the Yahoo! classification system	p. 214
Excerpt from the Encyclopedia Brittanica Propaedia, 15th edition, 1992	p. 216
Extracts from the Library of Congress system	p. 218
Library of Congress schedules as of November 1999	p. 224
Top levels of the Dewey Decimal System	p. 226
Extract of subject terms from Sears' list, 1986 edition	p. 228
Extract of subject terms from Library of Congress list	p. 231
Selection from ACM keyword list	p. 233
Extract of thesaurus terms from Sears' list, 1997 edition	p. 235
Extract of thesaurus terms from INSPEC, 1999 edition	p. 237
Images of spikes	p. 239
Bibliography	p. 245
Index	p. 247
Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved.

Information Spaces

The Architecture of Cyberspace

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Paperback

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