| Acknowledgements | p. xi |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| Why Language?-Why Philosophy?-Why Wittgenstein? | p. 2 |
| Surveying Wittgenstein's Landscape | p. 8 |
| Wittgenstein's Philosophy of Language and Mind | p. 27 |
| Language and Thought | p. 31 |
| Benjamin Lee Whorf | p. 34 |
| Problems With Whorf's Conjecture | p. 38 |
| Wittgenstein on Language and Thought | p. 43 |
| Wittgenstein's Methodology | p. 47 |
| The Analysis of Depth Grammar | p. 47 |
| Wittgenstein at Work: Philosophical Investigations | p. 58 |
| "Five Red Apples" | p. 66 |
| The "Builder's Language" | p. 71 |
| Language Games | p. 79 |
| Language and Categorization | p. 90 |
| Universals and Particulars: An Old Debate | p. 95 |
| Wittgenstein's Approach: The Rejection of Strict Nominalism and Realism | p. 101 |
| Wittgenstein's Categories: Family Resemblances | p. 105 |
| Wittgenstein's Place in the Nominalist-Realist Debate | p. 117 |
| Forms of Life | p. 119 |
| Language Games and Forms of Life | p. 129 |
| The Big Picture: Philosophy of Language and Metaphor | p. 133 |
| Language as a Kind of Calculus | p. 134 |
| The Structure of Language is Like the Dynamic Structure of a Game | p. 139 |
| Language and Chess | p. 139 |
| Words are Like Tools and Language Use is Like Tool Use | p. 140 |
| Language as a City | p. 147 |
| Language as a Labyrinth | p. 155 |
| Reality and Myth: The Background of Reality on Which Language is Based is Like a Mythology, and its Structure is Like a Riverbed | p. 155 |
| The Foundation of Language in Instinctive Behavior | p. 161 |
| Instinctive Behavior and Forms of Life | p. 175 |
| Language and Cognition: What Do We Have in Our Heads, and What is it Good for? | p. 177 |
| Externalism | p. 182 |
| Psychophysical Parallelism | p. 183 |
| The Mind and Reality: Mental Models or Scribbled Jottings? | p. 192 |
| Wittgenstein and Crime: The Breakdown of the Distinction Between Inner and Outer Processes | p. 207 |
| Wittgenstein and Drama: A Dramatic Theory of Meaning | p. 229 |
| The Inner and the Outer | p. 231 |
| Imponderable Evidence (Unwagbare Evidenz) | p. 235 |
| The Objective Correlative | p. 239 |
| Imponderable Evidence and Real Life | p. 241 |
| Conversational Implicatures | p. 249 |
| Wittgenstein and Behaviorism | p. 254 |
| Wittgenstein vs. Behaviorism: What is "Behavior"? | p. 256 |
| Wittgenstein vs. Behaviorism: Reductionism | p. 261 |
| Wittgenstein vs. Behaviorism: The Existence of Mental Phenomena | p. 261 |
| Wittgenstein vs. Behaviorism: Intersubjective Knowledge | p. 265 |
| Wittgenstein vs. Behaviorism: Logical Behaviorism | p. 265 |
| Why Wittgenstein is not a Behaviorist: A Summary | p. 267 |
| Wittgenstein, Language and Information | p. 269 |
| Support for Wittgenstein's Philosophy of Mind: Robotics and "Scaffolding" | p. 270 |
| Where is the Mind? | p. 270 |
| The Mind: "Who's in Charge Here?" | p. 271 |
| Scaffolding | p. 272 |
| Scaffolding and the Rational Model of Choice | p. 273 |
| Scaffolding and Computerized Information Systems | p. 276 |
| The Boundaries of the Mind | p. 276 |
| Scaffolding and the Role of Language | p. 278 |
| Mental Models | p. 279 |
| Externalism and the Philosophy of Language | p. 282 |
| Why is the "Mind" Important for Information Systems? | p. 284 |
| The Structure of Information Systems | p. 285 |
| The Fundamental Relationship in Information Systems | p. 287 |
| The Fundamental Issue of Information Systems: The "Determinacy of Representation" | p. 289 |
| "Escalating Uncertainty of Retrieval": The Problem With Large Systems and Indeterminately Represented Information | p. 291 |
| The Nature of Representational Indeterminacy in Information Systems | p. 294 |
| Indeterminacy in Information Systems: An Empirical Study | p. 302 |
| The "Determinacy of Sense": An Old Logical Problem | p. 305 |
| Description and Discrimination (Either can be Indeterminate) | p. 310 |
| The Consequences of Indeterminacy in Information Retrieval | p. 311 |
| The Type of Query | p. 312 |
| The Relationship Between the Formal Query and the Representation of the Satisfactory Answer | p. 312 |
| Criterion of Successful Retrieval | p. 313 |
| The Speed of Successful Retrieval | p. 314 |
| Representing Information: The Effect of Semantic Indeterminacy | p. 315 |
| The End-Point of Searching | p. 317 |
| Types of Searches | p. 317 |
| Scaling up the System | p. 319 |
| Management and the Delegation Problem | p. 320 |
| What Do Inquirers Want? | p. 334 |
| Information Systems-A Wittgensteinean View | p. 338 |
| The "Meaning" of a Document | p. 339 |
| What are the "Diseases of Thinking" in Information Retrieval? | p. 339 |
| How Do Computers Influence Information Systems? | p. 343 |
| Managing the Retrieval of Indeterminate Information Content-Some Practical Consequences | p. 346 |
| "Reducing Indeterminacy in Content Retrieval | p. 347 |
| Large Content Retrieval Systems vs. Small Content Retrieval Systems | p. 349 |
| Using Documents Themselves as Instruments of Organization and Indeterminacy Reduction-"Exemplary Documents" and "Seed Searching" | p. 351 |
| Measuring the Effectiveness of Content Retrieval | p. 355 |
| The Stairs Evaluation: A Final Look | p. 356 |
| Summary of the Design Criteria for Large Content-Retrieval Systems | p. 357 |
| Index | p. 359 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
